1.5.9. Ботаника

The article is devoted to the analysis of the flora of higher plants of Adygea, which can be observed during the passage of summer field practices conducted by the Southern Federal University. The materials contain a list of thematic excursions during the practical training of students of the Academy of Biology and Biotechnology of the Southern Federal University, as well as the results of a taxonomic, biomorphological, ecological, phytocenotic, geographical analysis of the summer flora in the vicinity of the practice base. The summer flora of higher plants includes 400 species from 77 families of 5 classes and 4 divisions. It has been established that representatives of the dicotyledonous class predominate in the composition of the flora. The biomorphological analysis of the flora showed a significant dominance of perennial grasses; it has a pronounced mesophilic character. The main florocenotypes are forest, meadow and petrophytic. The core of the flora is made up of geoelements of the boreal group, among which species of Caucasian origin predominate, as well as species with a wide range. The boreal and Mediterranean floristic centers play a significant role in the formation of a complex of endemic species of the studied flora, which includes 46 relict and 19 protected taxa. Many plants are of economic importance. The whole complex of species serves as a clear example of the richness and diversity of the Caucasian flora.

The Herbarium (RWBG) as a scientific structural subdivision of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University has existed since 1992. Currently, the herbarium collection contains more than 70 000 specimens. The herbarium consists of 4 departments: the herbarium of vascular plants of the Rostov region; herbarium of introducers from the collections of the SFEDU Botanical Garden; herbarium of natural flora of the SFEDU Botanical Garden; herbarium of vascular plants of the State Natural Biosphere Reserve «Rostovsky». In the course of the inventory of scientific funds, a critical review of species of the genus Stipa L., which is an edificator of the Don steppes, was carried out. The paper presents the results of the inventory of the herbarium collection of one of the rare species of the Rostov region – Stipa ucrainica P. Smirn as of the april of 2023. The text provides a complete list of samples indicating for each of them the place and date of collection, the name of the collector, as well as the number of herbariums sheets. The total number of samples of Stipa ucrainica is 99 pieces 8 natural and 22 administrative districts of the Rostov region; in 12 specially protected natural areas; the total number of herbarium sheets of this species in the RWBG is 253 pieces.

The paper attempted to use a hyperspectral camera under controlled conditions of a laboratory experiment to obtain unique curves of seasonal dynamics of NDVI values, allowing to identify the maple species. The objects of study were samples of Acer campestre L., Acer negundo L. and Acer saccharinum L. The maple leaf was surveyed in the laboratory using a Cubert UHD-185 hyperspectral camera under artificial light. To monitor the results, the content of chlorophyll was determined by a spectrophotometric method. Studies were conducted during the growing season of maples from the phenological phase of "full leaf unfolding" to the phenological phase of "the beginning of autumn leaf coloring. It is established that the seasonal dynamics of the NDVI value is similar to the dynamics of chlorophyll a, calculated by the spectrometric method. Empirical NDVI regression lines in all three maple species are synchronous at most survey times, especially in the maximum and minimum zones. However, the difference between NDVI maple species is not as drastic as in chlorophyll a, although in most survey periods the NDVI value of A. campestre is higher than that of the other two species of maples. We assume that the NDVI signature cannot be used to separate species of the genus Acer. However, to identify genera that vary significantly in phenology, the use of NDVI signature is quite possible.

The permanent study area (experimental steppe fallow) was organized on the territory of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University on the site of arable land in 2016. The area of the permanent study area is more than 700 sq. m. The steppe fallow is located in the western part of the Botanical Garden on the watershed between the Temernik River and the Sukhoi Chaltyr Beam. The indigenous vegetation of the territory of the Botanical Garden was a fragment of the Azov steppe dominated by small-turf grasses before its creation in 1927. The task of the permanent area is a comprehensive study of the process of restoring fallow lands of the steppe zone. The research is carried out by the staff of the Department of Ecology and Nature Management and Botanical Garden of the SFedU. As a result of monitoring the process of restoration of the steppe fallow, it was found that in the sixth year of demutation, the community is in a transitional state from the weedy stage to the rhizomatous stage. This is confirmed by the species composition of the community, the biomorphological, hydromorphological, phytocenotic structure of the flora. 85 species of seed plants from 27 families and 68 genera were registered in the steppe fallow community in 2021. The range of life forms of the fallow flora is quite diverse. It is significantly dominated by herbaceous plants (90,6 %), including the proportion of annuals is 34,1 %, biennials – 20,0 %, perennials – 36,5 %. Among herbaceous perennials, a significant proportion are rod-rooted (25,8 %), root-springing (19,4 %), and rhizomatous (42,0 %) plants; turf plants are represented by only one species (3,2 %). In the hydromorphological structure of the fallow flora, the leading position is occupied by a group of mesophytes (76,5 %). According to the formation structure the flora of the steppe fallow is quite heterogeneous, 5 phytocenotypes have been identified in its composition. The group of weeds is the most numerous in terms of the number of species (71,8 %). The peculiarity of the process of demutation of the steppe community is that the natural process of recovery is complicated by the influence of the introduction activity of the Botanical Garden and the influence of the surrounding urban environment.

The article presents the results of the re-inventory of the flora of the Krasnopartizansky cluster site of the State Nature Biosphere Reserve «Rostovsky». The primary inventory of the flora and vegetation was conducted more than 15 years ago. Over time, there have been changes in the quantitative and taxonomic composition of the floristic complex of this site. As a result of the research, a new annotated list was compiled, including 285 types of higher vascular plants, including six «Red List» taxa. – Stipa ucrainica P. Smirn., Tulipa biflora Pall., Frankenia pulverulenta L., Iris pumila L., Tulipa schrenkii Regel, Bellevalia sarmatica (Pall. ex Georgi) Woronow. For the first time, Lythrum melanospermum Savul. & Zahar. has been identified – a new species for the flora of the Lower Don. Some species are given for the Krasnopartizansky site for the first time, such as Adonis aestivalis L., Alisma gramineum Lej., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Amoria retusa (L.) Dostal, Anthemis ruthenica Bieb., Atriplex intercontinentalis Sukhor., A. rosea L., Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth., Cerastium syvaschicum Kleop., Crypsis aculeata (L.) Ait., C. schoenoides (L.) Lam., Chenopodium rubrum L., Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult., Ferula caspica Bieb., Geranium pusillum Burm., Heliotropium ellipticum Ledeb., Lactuca saligna L., Lathyrus hirsutus L., Leymus ramosus (Trin.) Tzvel., Lycopus exaltatus L. fil., Marrubium vulgare L., Matricaria recutita L., Medicago lupulina L., Меlilotus albus Medik., Polycnemum arvense L., Polygonum novoascanicum Klok., Potentilla orientalis Jus., Rumex patientia L., R. marschallianus Reichenb., Phlomoides puberula (G.V. Krylov & Serg.) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm., Senecio noeanus Rupr., Sisymbrium loeselii L., Trigonella monspeliaca L., Valerianella costata (Steven) Betcke, Ventenata dubia (Leers.) Coss., Verbena supina L., Viola kitaibeliana Roem. & Schult.

In the paper, an attempt was made to assess the possibility of using vegetation indices calculated from hyperspectral survey data to identify weed plant species in winter wheat agrocenoses. The objects of the study were samples of Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnst., Galium humifusum M. Bieb., Lamium amplexicaule L., Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. and Sinapis arvensis L. The study of the spectral characteristics of the selected objects was carried out using a frame hyperspectral camera Cubert UHD185. The reflected electromagnetic radiation from the samples was recorded in the range of 450–950 nm. According to the spectral survey, 80 vegetation indices were calculated for each sample. To compare the average values ​​of vegetation indices, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Random forest (RF) and Principal component analysis (PCA) were used. The results obtained confirm the possibility of using hyperspectral sensors for the identification of weed plant species in winter wheat agrocenoses according to hyperspectral survey data using vegetation indices.

The article provides an annotated list and brief results the analysis of apophytic fraction of synanthropic flora of Botanical Garden (BG) of the Southern Federal University (SFU). The annotations for each species indicate: Latin and Russian names, life form, ecotype, type of geoelement, group of apophytes according to the method of penetration, frequency of occurrence, location within the boundaries of the Botanical Garden, as well as environmental status. The apophytic flora of the SFU Botanical Garden includes 201 species of higher vascular plants from 132 genuses and 57 families, which is 25.0 % of the taxonomic composition of wild growing BG flora. The synanthropization index (proportion of synatropic species in wild flora) is 46.0 %, apophytization (proportion of apophytes in synanthropic flora) is 54.3 %, and the adventization index (proportion of adventist species in synanthropic flora) is 45.7 %. The most numerous taxa in apophytic flora are the families: Asteraceae (26 species), Poaceae and Rosaceae (16 species each), Lamiaceae (13 species), Chenopodiaceae (12 species), Brassicaceae (11 species), Apiaceae (9 species), Fabaceae (8 species). More than half (52.6 %) of all families contain one genus and one species each. The largest genuses within apophytic flora contain 4–12 species: Rosa (12 species), Cuscuta and Atriplex (6 species each), Cirsium (5 species), Veronica and Chenopodium (4 species each), the remaining genuses include 1–3 species each. In the spectrum of life forms on Serebrjakov in the composition of apophytic flora of BS is significantly dominated by herbaceous plants (82.6 %), among which the share of one-year-olds is 41.8 %, two-year-olds – 11.4%, herbaceous perennial – 29.4 %. According to the method of penetration into anthropogenic habitats, the structure of apophytic flora of BS is dominated by autopophytes (64.2 %). Among the apophytic plants of BS, six species from the genus of dodder are included in the List of quarantine objects (pests of plants, agents of plant diseases and weed plants) in the territory of the Russian Federation.  

The article is devoted to Pavel Alexandrovich Sadimenko, whose 100th anniversary was celebrated in July this year. A prominent soil scientist whose scientific interests were concentrated in the field of land reclamation and soil physics, Professor P. A. Sadimenko also paid great attention to the study of the trace element composition of soils.

The yield of soybean varieties Kazachka erosion-dangerous slope depending on the method of basic soil treatment and mineral fertilizers Rychkova M. I. Mishchenko A.V. Federal Rostov agricultural research center, Rassvet village, Russia, E-mail: rychkova-1980@list.ru Annotation: The results of three-year field studies on the influence of methods of basic tillage and mineral fertilizers on the yield of soybean varieties Kazachka, obtained in the conditions of erosion-dangerous slope of ordinary carbonate chernozems (according  WRB, 2014, – Haplic Chernozem) of the Rostov region. Studies have found that in the conditions of erosion-dangerous slope an effective way of basic soil treatment in the cultivation of soybean varieties Kazachka is chisel and the introduction of an increased level of mineral fertilizers norm N84P30K48 (162 kg d. V. per 1 ha of crop area). At the same time, the highest indicators of productive moisture reserves in the soil and yield increase are formed-0.38 t/ha. Chiseling contributed to an increase in the payback of 1 kg of fertilizers by an increase in yield by 0.13-0.35 kg/kg in comparison with plowing.

Architectonics of the kidneys in connection with frost resistance Kidneys, like seeds, are of great importance in preserving plant life, especially in adverse environmental conditions. The structure of the kidneys consists of tissues and parts with varying degrees of thermal conductivity. A method for assessing the resistance of kidney to frost is proposed, depending on the internal structure of structures and location in space.

Entry of Zn and Cd from soil into herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae and Poaceae families Abstract: Environmental heavy metals pollution is one of the most pressing problems of nowaday ecology. Heavy metals are not subject to biodegradation and tend to move along the food chain, thereby threatening the animals and humans health. The aim of the work was to study Cd and Zn accumulation in different wild-growing herbaceous plants species of the Asteraceae and Poaceae families under long-term technogenic pollution. Ecological monitoring of the impact zone of the city of Novocherkassk, subjected to many years of technogenic pollution, was carried out. In plants growing in a 5 km zone around Novocherkasskaya power station, contamination with the studied elements was revealed. The soils of monitoring sites located in the prevailing north-west direction of winds are subject to the greatest pollution. The dependence of the content of Zn and Cd in the herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae and Poaceae families on the distance to the source of the technogenic load was established. The selectivity of metal accumulation by the studied species of herbaceous plants at various levels of technogenic pollution was revealed. Plants of the Asteraceae family accumulate the studied elements mainly in the aboveground part, Poaceae are characterized by a greater accumulation of metals in the root system. The least resistant to the input of pollutants from the soil is the Achillea nobilis. Poa pratensis has the highest resistance to Zn and Cd pollution by the combination of assessment indicators. Cd has a higher mobility in soils than Zn, which leads to a higher level of plant pollution with this element. The particle size distribution of the soil also has a significant effect on the availability of metals to plants.

The theoretical basis for the use of humic preparations on irrigated light serozems The considered materials testify that the development of the questions of the biochemistry of humus and humus substances, the use of biohumus in agriculture of irrigated light serozems lags behind the general state of this section of soil science. Studies of humus in soils and biohumus will provide additional opportunities for theoretical and practical developments that allow you to solve the addition and the necessary issues of agricultural practice in the region.

Immunological phenomenon of physical antigen-specific interaction of mononuclear cells with granulocytes in vitro Evstropov Vladimir M. Don state technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract:  Currently, only some aspects of the physical contact antigen-specific interaction of lymphocytes with granulocytes have been described (5), but meanwhile it is known that not only various subpopulations of lymphocytes, but also macrophages play a leading role in the formation of specific (adaptive) immunity. In recent years, neutrophils have also become regarded as cells involved in the recognition of a pathogen; therefore, the physical interaction of these cells, which are excorded from the immune system, in the presence of a causally significant antigen in vitro is of undoubted interest. According to some researchers, to study a specific cellular immune response as a criterion for assessing the effectiveness of immunization, it is advisable to use laboratory methods in vitro using specific antigens [7]. The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of assessing the indication of specific immunity in vitro by characterizing the physical antigen-specific interaction of mononuclear cells with granulocytes isolated from rat blood immunized with staphylococcal disintegrant in the presence of incomplete Freund's adjuvant. In this case, the quantitative level of rosettingformation mononuclear cells interacting with three or more granulocytes in vitro in the presence of this antigen was evaluated. The results of the study showed an increase in the quantitative level of rosetting mononuclear cells, compared with the same indicator of non-immune rats of the control group. The paper considers the possible participation in the implementation of this immunological phenomenon of subpopulations of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes (naive T cells, CD45RA-positive effector cells, antigen-reactive T cells), as well as NK cells, monocytes and neutrophils. It is assumed that this method can be used to detect an immune response, however, the molecular mechanism of this immunological phenomenon and its immunological classification (attribution to the cellular or cell-mediated type of reaction involving cell-fixed antibodies) needs further study.

On the biological degradation of white phosphorus On the biological degradation of white phosphorus   1 Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry named after A.E. Arbuzov. Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Arbuzov St., 8. Kazan, 420088. Republic of Tatarstan. Russia. E-mail: mindubaev-az@yandex.ru 2 Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University. University St., 18. Kazan, 420008. Republic of Tatarstan. Russia. Abstract For the first time different taxonomic groups of microorganisms (fungi, Streptomyces and bacteria) are inoculated on culture medium containing white phosphorus as the single source of phosphorus. On these media microorganisms grew and have not experienced phosphorus starvation. It is the world's first example of the inclusion of white phosphorus in the biosphere cycle of elemental phosphorus. The highest concentration corresponds to 5000 times excess of MPC of white phosphorus in wastewater. The comparison of the sequences of ribosomal genes of the fungus, steadily metabolizing the white phosphorus, with sequences of the GenBank database, allowed us to identify this microorganism as a new strain of Aspergillus niger, to which we have assigned the number A. niger AM1. Inoculation of A. niger AM1 in medium containing just two sources of phosphorus (phosphate and white phosphorus) demonstrated that P4 does not exhibit toxic properties in relation to this microorganism. In the presence of white phosphorus it grows at the same rate as in the absence thereof. This is the only example of the lack of white phosphorus toxicity to a living organism. Our previous studies have demonstrated the absence of white phosphorus toxicity for Aspergillus niger AM1. However, the toxic properties of the substances are of different nature. It is of great interest to study the genotoxicity – a possible source of mutations. In the present work SOS-lux test has demonstrated genotoxicity of white phosphorus. This result is obtained for the first time – all the available literature sources reported no genotoxic properties of white phosphorus. Allium test showed the mitotoxic effect of white phosphorus on eukaryotic cells. A very interesting and unexpected result was the discovery of a mutant Aspergillus niger AM1. In comparison with an ancestral strain this mutant possesses an unusual morphology and grows more intensively in culture medium with white phosphorus. Three strains of A. niger, sent from the All-Russian collection of microorganisms, also showed much higher resistance to white phosphorus than bacteria. According to preliminary data, resistance to white phosphorus the A. niger is fixed in the genome.

Resource-saving elements of soybean cultivation technology on the slopes of the Rostov region Resource-saving elements of soybean cultivation technology on the slopes of the Rostov region Rychkova M.I., Gaeva E.A., Mishchenko A.V. Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center, Rassvet. Е-mail: emmaksay@inbox.ru. Abstract. The article presents the actual results of research on the development of resource-saving elements of soybean cultivation technology, providing moisture saving, high productivity and soil protection from erosion. Two-year studies were carried out on the erosion-dangerous slope of the South-Eastern exposure of the Bolshoy Log beam, Aksai district of the Rostov region in the system of contour-landscape organization of the territory in 2017-2018. Studied two methods of primary tillage – otvalnuyu adopted for monitoring and chisel. Chisel tillage in the cultivation of soybean was performed by chisel plow. Dump processing was carried out with a plow blade. The mineral nutrition system included three backgrounds: natural fertility recommended by zonal systems and increased by half. It is established that to prevent possible erosion it is recommended to cultivate soybeans in the system of contour-band placement of fields. It is shown that the payback of the crop fertilizers on the version with the chisel treatment of the soil is higher than on the dump. Increasing the dose of fertilizer in half reduces the payback of fertilizers by 18.9-19.4 %. It is revealed that the approved soil protection (chisel) tillage can significantly reduce the erosion processes – soil flushing by 22.9%, runoff – 10.0%, the cost of fuel and lubricants-18.8%, increase the accumulation of reserves of productive moisture in the soil with a more economical expenditure, yield – by 30.2 – 32.1%, conditional net income-up to 6.6 thousand rubles /ha, profitability-by 42.1%, recoupment of direct costs yield of 1.4 rubles per ruble in comparison with the same indicators at the dump plowing.

Location on the Caucasus Potentilla multi-advisable (Potentilla multifida L.) Location on the Caucasus Potentilla multi-advisable (Potentilla multifida L.)  O.N. Demina, L.L. Rogal'  Abstract: The paper describes the Gum-Bashi Pass, which is named after the homonymous right-bank tributary of the Kuban - the Mara River. The distribution of grass vegetation on the Gum-Bashi Pass, as on the whole Rocky Caucasus Mountains, is associated with vertical zonality or altitudinal belt ecosystems. The characteristic of indigenous subalpine vegetation is given: on gentle northern slopes and plateaus of the Rocky ridge formed lush grassy meadows; Petrophytic steppes develop on the steep slopes of the southern, southeastern, and southwestern exposures. The most common types of natural forage lands on the Gum-Bashi Pass are mountain meadow communities on mountain sod-podzolic, gray and brown forest soils, and meadow-steppe communities on leached and podzolized black soil. However, the main purpose of the work is to describe a new plant species, Potentilla multifida L., which we discovered for the first time in the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia, in the Rocky Ridge system on the Gum-Bashi Pass and confirming its growth in the Caucasus. In describing this species, it is mentioned that this herbaceous perennial reaches 40 cm in height. The leaves of the plant are green above and beloiclochic below, dissected into linear lobes. The flowers are small, on thin pedicels, pale yellow. The beginning of its flowering was recorded when the species was collected. A critical summary of references to this species and an indication of the need to describe a new Caucasian form is given. In conclusion, one more time focuses on the need for this description, studying the distribution of P. multifida in the Caucasus and its phytocenotic environment. The article is illustrated with a large number of photos.

Effect of different phytohormones on Austrian sage multiplication (Salvia austriaca Jacq.) Effect of different phytohormones on Austrian sage multiplication (Salvia austriaca Jacq.) Vasilchenko Elena V., Sereda Mikhail M., Varduni Tatiana V. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia  Abstract: The influence of phytohormones such as 6-benzylaminopurine, naphthylacetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid on the Austrian sage multiplication (Salvia austriaca Jacq.) in an in vitro culture is discussed in the paper. Austrian sage is the medicinal, essential oil, melliferous and ornamental steppe herb, included in the Red List of the Rostov region. The study was conducted in the laboratory of cellular and genomic technologies of plants of the Botanical Garden. Seeds from the collection of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University were used as the primary explant. For cultivation the Murashige and Skoog medium was used. Murashige and Skoog medium without the addition of phytohormones was used as a control. Evaluation of the multiplication efficiency was carried out after 21 days. The multiplication factor was calculated as the number of new shoots. The highest multiplication factor was observed in the medium with the addition of 0.5 mg / l of 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg / l of naphthylacetic acid. This concentration of phytohormones is recommended for micropropagation of Austrian sage. The concentration of auxins (IAA and NAA) 0.3 mg/l leads to a decrease in the efficiency of Austrian sage multiplication. The height of shoot was approximately the same and no statistically significant differences were found on all tested mediums. It should be pointed out that with a greater concentration of phytohormones physiological abnormalities was observed.

Methods of soil fertility preservation on eroded slopes of Rostov region Methods of soil fertility preservation on eroded slopes of Rostov region Gaevaia Е.А. Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center, Rassvet. Е-mail: emmaksay@inbox.ru. Abstrac: Тhe Studies were carried out in a multifactorial stationary experiment in 1991-2018 years. the Experiment is located on the slope of the beam of the Big Log of Aksai district of Rostov region. The soil of the experimental site is ordinary heavy loamy Chernozem on loess-like loam, medium-eroded. In the experiment studied two crop rotation zernopererabotki (I) and sertralineprograms (II), and three levels of organic-mineral system of fertilizers («0» – natural fertility; «1» – cattle manure 5 t + N46P24K30 and «2» – cattle manure 8 t + N84P30K48 1 hectare). The aim of the study was to study the balance of humus depending on the design of crop rotations located on the eroded slopes of the Rostov region, to identify ways to preserve soil fertility at the initial level and increase it. As a result of the research, the amount of washed soil was determined. The importance of plant residues in the accumulation of humus is shown. It is established that the intensive use of agricultural land in the Rostov region without fertilizer leads to a reduction in the humus content in the soil. The role of perennial grasses in reducing soil flushing by 35.6% was studied. It is shown that the long-term use of organic fertilizers in crop rotations at a dose of 5 tons of cattle manure and N46P24K30, as well as the introduction of 20% of perennial in the crop rotation allows to maintain a positive balance of humus at the level of (+35 kg/ha) in the grain-grass crop rotation. Increasing the dose of fertilizer to 8 tons of cattle manure and N84P30K48 contributes to the accumulation of humus up to (+100 kg/ha) in the grain crop rotation. The possibility of replacing organic fertilizers with 1-2 t/ha of wheat straw using compensatory doses of nitrogen fertilizers is shown.

To the future without poliomyelitis: the state of the epidemic, vaccination issues (review) To the future without poliomyelitis: the state of the epidemic, vaccination issues (review) Belova Olga Evgen’evna  FSRI SRC VB «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk reg., Russia  Abstract: Polio is a highly contagious viral infection that affects mainly children under five years of age, which can lead to paralysis or even death. Damage to the nervous system is manifested by fever, pain in the limbs, then peripheral irreversible paralysis. In severe cases, paralysis of the respiratory muscles can occur, which causes death. The transmission mechanism is predominantly fecal-oral. The only way to combat polio remains vaccination. The vaccine provides the development of long-term humoral and local immunity. The purpose of this work is to analyze the epidemiological situation of poliomyelitis in the world 31 years after the adoption of the Global Polio Eradication Program, and to compare the characteristics of live and inactivated polio vaccines. Issues related to the use of live oral polio vaccine and the need for its phased withdrawal from circulation, the problem of vaccine-related polioviruses and vaccine-associated paralytic polio are considered. Describes ongoing research into the development of new safe and effective polio vaccines; approaches to the development of new IPV to reduce costs, increase coverage and reduce the risks of using live polioviruses in vaccine production; new technologies for the delivery and administration of IPV; clinical studies of new vaccines and vaccination schedules. The main objectives of the strategy to complete the eradication of poliomyelitis for 2019-2023 are discussed: eradication, integration, certification and containment.

The ameliorative condition of the soil spread around the Kattakurgan reservoir and its changes The ameliorative condition of the soil spread around the Kattakurgan reservoir and its changes Abdullaev S.A.1, Jabbarov Z.A.1, Tursunulova A.1, Okolelova A.A.2, Kholdorov Sh.M.3 1National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, zafarjonjabbarov@gmail.com 2Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia, allaokol@mail.ru 3Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology – TUAT, Tokyo, Japan, sh.m.xoldorov@gmail.com Abstract: Changes in the physicomechanical properties and ameliorative state of the soil were studied using the Kattakurgan reservoir as an example; the degree of fossil, the density of irrigated lands, the dynamics of the groundwater level by years, the ameliorative state and the location of salts by layers were studied. According to the results, the indicator of soils with an inadequate ameliorative state increased from 4.22% to 5.58%. It was justified that the level of groundwater salinity is mainly between 0-1 g / l and 1-3 g / l. It is scientifically substantiated that the main effect of the Kattakurgan reservoir on soils is formed by the accumulation of salts, the effect on the physicomechanical properties is relatively small.