1.5.19. Почвоведение

Finding a new species of snowdrop (Galanthus platyphyllus Traub et Moldenke) for the flora of Karachay-Cherkessia The endemic Caucasian snowdrop flat-leaved (Galanthus platyphyllus Traub et Moldenke, 1947) is a rare species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and a number of regional ones. It has a limited area, part of which is located on the territory of Russia. In the Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory, the species is listed with a category and status as "Vulnerable" - 2, a locally encountered Transcaucasian endemic species with a shrinking population, where it is threatened with final destruction; is also included in the Red Book of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, where the state of its population due to the inaccessibility of habitats is not of particular concern. G. platyphyllus is included in the Conventionon International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES, Appendix II) (2006). On the territory of the KCR, until now, it was reliably known of the growth of only the alpine snowdrop – G. alpinus Sosn., collected in the vicinities of the village of Asiatsky, in a moist beech forest, on the slope of the northwestern exposition in the valley of the river B. Laba. The location of G. platyphyllus was previously unknown and is given for the first time. The location of G. platyphyllus was found in a moist forest, in the valley of the river B. Laba, on the right bank, 6 km to the south from the village of Asiatsky settlement, 902 m above sea level. Sea, April 5, 2017. Flowering was recorded in early April.

The effects of humic fertilizers and preparations on soil fertility Bezuglova Olga S., Polienko Elena A., Gorovtsov Andrey V., Lyhman Vladimir A., Pavlov Petr D. Abstract.  One of the components of biological agriculture is the use of humic fertilizers and preparations, which, unlike chemical fertilizers, may serve as catalysts of biochemical processes in the soil, due to their stimulating effect on soil microorganisms. The paper presents the results of production experiments with humic substances BIO-Don on chernozem ordinary carbonate. Agricultural crops: winter wheat, sunflower, sugar beet. It has been shown that BIO-Don has a positive impact on the dynamics of the mineral nutrients when applied into the soil, and in the topical treatment of vegetative plants. When the mineral nutrients are limited, an increased removal of them from the soil is observed due to the activation of microflora in the root zone. One of the reasons for the positive effect of humic substances on plants is their ability to adjust the content of available forms of mineral nutrients, and as a consequence – to increase the crop yields. The article is prepared on the basis of the plenary report on the second international conference "Problems and prospects of biological farming", held on-line on November 27, 2016.

The effect of humic substances on microbial activity of the soil under fruit trees Gorovtsov Andrey V.,  Bezuglova Olga S., Polienko Elena A., Popov Artem E. Abstract The use of humic preparations for the treatment of fruit trees is one of the most poorly studied aspects of the application of this group of plant stimulators. There is especially little knowledge about the processes occurring in the soil, and virtually no data on the response of soil microbial communities in the root zone to such kind of treatment. The paper presents the data of microbiological analysis of soil under the mature fruit trees (apple, cherry) and young trees in the nursery (cherry, plum) after the treatment with  humic preparation BIO-Don. It has been shown that treatment of fruit trees with humic substances resulted in the activation of many groups of bacteria in the soil under the plants. The most pronounced reaction was observed for oligotrophic and aminoheterotrophic bacteria, a weaker response for reacted aminoautotrophic bacteria, and almost no reaction was noted for oligonitrophilic bacteria, actinomycetes and soil fungi. However, the observed changes in the dynamics of mineral nutrients suggest that the activation of the soil bacteria contributes significantly to the obtained yield increase. The article is prepared on the basis of the plenary report on the second international conference "Problems and prospects of biological farming", held on-line on November 27, 2016.

The effect of humic preparation "BIO-Don" on the balance of mineral nutrients in ordinary chernozem and quality of fruits and vegetables Polienko Elena A., Bezuglova Olga S., Gorbov Sergej N., Dubinina Marina N., Popov Artem E. Abstract: The treatment of garlic and beet plants with humic preparation "BIO-Don" in production environment provided an increase in the mass of bulbs and root-crops by an average of 13-20%, and an increase in diameter by 8%. At the same time an increase in the removal of nutrients from the soil by plants treated with humic substances was noted. The application of humic substances for the treatment of fruit crops by the combination of methods (soil application in drip irrigation and topical treatment) has also led to an increase in the removal of nutrients from the soil: nitrogen and phosphorus  in the spring, and potassium during the second half of the summer. This was accompanied by improvements in the quality of products: a significant increase in the mass fraction of soluble solids (up to 15% relative to control) and titratable acidity (up to 21% of control) in the fruits of cherry and apple trees. The yield of apples was increased by more than 17%. The article is prepared on the basis of the plenary report on the second international conference "Problems and prospects of biological farming", held on-line on November 27, 2016.

Application of commercial humic products in Russian Federation: results of field trials (a review) Yakimenko Olga Sergeevna Abstract: In this paper data on field trials on application of commercial humic products for agricultural crop production are critically reviewed.

Remediation of urban soils using humic products Stepanov Andrey Anatolievich, Yakimenko Olga Sergeevna Abstract: A potential to remediate polluted urban soil was evaluated for commercial humic products in two sets of experiments.  Four brands of humic products – two from peat and two from coal – have been tested in a field experiment on lawns along the highways of Moscow and in plot trials. It is shown that humic products are capable to mitigate the toxic effects of pollutants and maintain plant resistance to stress. Basing on results of research the effective rates of humic products application for remediation of polluted urban soils are suggested.

The efficacy of humic products on cereal crops in Northern Urals Fedotova Olga Vladimirovna, Grekhova Iraida Vladimirovna Abstract: Foliar treatment by humate preparations Rostok and NOR positive effect on the structure of cereal crops, increasing the number of productive stems and grain number in ear and grain weight of the ear. Significantly increased the yield of wheat and oats for 3-11 kg/ha, and the increase in number of treatment significant impact has not had. In the grain of spring wheat variety Novosibirskaya 31 gluten content in the application of humic substances increased by 2,1 and 4,8%. In the flowering stage foliar treatment reduced ear grain content and mass fraction of gluten in comparison with the processing in the milk stage. Significant differences between humic preparations Rostok and NOR is not installed.

Reaction of potato varieties to method of application of a humic preparation Rostok Humic preparation Rostok – a natural regulator of growth and development of plants. Apply sprout on potatoes is possible for the processing of tubers before planting and of plants during vegetation. Processing of tubers and potato plants with a solution of Rostok had no significant effect on the number of tubers in the nest of the studied varieties. The Rostock preparation significantly influenced the weight of marketable tubers of all varieties. The increase in average over three years compared to the control was 16-81 %. To a greater extent varieties responded to foliar application of Rostok. The data obtained give reason to recommend humic Rostok as a regulator for growth and development of potato plants and adaptogen in stressful situations when used in tank mixtures with pesticides.

Seed production of potato in biological agriculture Basiev Soltan Soslanbekovich, Dzhioeva Georgievna, Basieva Alina Soltanova Abstract: The paper deals with many years research on identifying the effect of green manure crops on the soil fertility. It is determined the after effect of decayed green manure crops on the productivity of seed potato tubers in the conditions of South Ossetia.

The paradigm of natural sciences in the works of V.V. Dokuchaev. Aparin Boris Phedorovich Aparin Boris Phedorovich Abstract V.V. Dokuchaev’s contribution to development of the natural sciences of the 19th century has been considered. He offered a synthetic paradigm of the natural sciences, which covered all basic forms of matter’s motion in their genetic relationship and temporal interaction. The article presents root and elements of the paradigm in respect to different fields of the natural sciences and their practical using. V.V. Dokuchaev’s thesis about the central role of soil sciences in the investigation of the relationship between man and nature has been considered.

Soils of Kamennaya Steppe from the days of V.V. Dokuchaev till nowadays The program of water farming regulation in steppe in Russia formulated by V.V. Dokuvaev and comprehensive research of Kamennaya Steppe carried out in 1892-1894 by special expedition supervised by V.V. Dokuchaev were a basement for the following transformation of steppe landscape into agroforest one during the 20th Century. Trends of soil cover changes were evaluated on the basis of modern soil cover pattern map and synthesis of different cartographic, analytical and text information prepared by different researchers during the century. Four stages of landscape changes during the last 120 years are discussed in the article. Factors entailed landscape changes were as follow: rising of arable lands share, planting and growing of forest belts, building of ponds and irrigation system. The results were raising ground water table, formation of semihydromorphic and local hydromorphic regimes of soils at the watersheds and slopes, appearance of local seasonal surface overmoisterning of soils, total extension of saline and sodic soils. Differential water balance regulation of distinct area and entire landscape is rational under modern environmental conditions.

Development of ideas abaut geography, properties and fertility of chernozems of the Krasnoyarsk region Development of ideas abaut geography, genesis, properties and fertility of chernozems of the Krasnoyarsk region is reflected in article. V. V. Dokuchayev's contribution to studying of soils of the South of Siberia is reflected. Are given the modern estimates of properties of chernozems, their transformations in the conditions of intensive use.

Studies of Soils of Saint Petersburg and Its Outskirts: From V.V. Dokuchaev till our days V.V. Dokuchaev was not only creator of soil science, but also he was one of the pioneers of urban ecology. In 1890 V.V. Dokuchaev developed complex program of investigation of natural conditions of Saint Petersburg and its outskirts, including soil cover. The focus of this article is the urban soils of Saint Petersburg, which are an integral part of the urban ecosystem.

Structural modeling of lateral soil heterogeneity using satellite surveys data Byndych Tatiana Yurievna Multi-spectral satellite data are used for mapping and parametric description of chernozem soils to delineate soil mapping units, to evaluate their spatial structure and to quantitatively assess humus content of eroded soils using geostatistics and mathematical modelling.

Transformathion of hydrological regime of agrolandscapes with protective forestations The estimation of  hydrological regime of virgin territories and those exposed to anthropogenous impact in various degree is given . The analysis of protective forestations influence on melted water surface runoff formation,on water balance members and erosion-hydrological processes has been implemented .The law of melted water runoff limiting factors permitting new approach to the estimation of erosion-hydrological process is exposed. The method of high precision prognosis of surface runoff has been developed on its basis .Analysis and estimation of the efficiency of anti-erosion methods have been fulfilled ,the most effective ones have been educed, new high-efficiency practices have been developed and anti-erosion melioration strategy is proposed .

Organic matter humification rate in soils of southern Yamal and eastern macroslope of the Polar Urals The topsoils of soils of southern Yamal and eastern macroslope of the Polar Urals have been investigated. It was established that soils of forest tundra are characterized by the highest Cha/Сfa ratios. Soils with histic material are characterized by the lowest Cha/Сfa ratios. Fulvic type of humus is common feature for the most of studied soils. Soils of the Polar Urals are characterized by higher value of Cha/Cfa ratios in comparison with soils of flat areas.

Soils of floodplain forests Khopersky nature reserve In the article the basic research results of a soil cover of floodplain forests hopersky reserve, the characteristics of the composition and characteristics of its various types. According to studies compiled soil map of the floodplain landscape reserve, where the dominant group are floodplain forest light grey, grey and dark grey soils of the Central floodplain of the river Khoper.

Microbial biomass and basal soil respiration of quarry-dumps systems with different substrates Dmitrakova Ianina Aleksandrovna, Abakumov Evgenij Vasilevich. Abstract: The study was carried out at nonreclaimed and recultivated quarries with different soils in the North-West of Russia. The basic biological indicators such as microbial biomass content, basal soil respiration and  metabolic quotient were measured. For all quarries the level of microbiological activity is low.

Reflection of social and environmental crisis of the XIX century in the works of V.V. Dokuchaev (an example of human evolution of chernozem on Tambov plain in historical time) Kovalev I.V., Kovaleva N.O. Faculty of Soil Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University,   kovalevmsu@mail.ru, natalia_kovaleva@mail.ru Abstract: By the early twentieth century. a combination of two processes - the depletion of soil as a result of human activities and climate change, leading to drought in the forest-steppe zone of Russia, became one of the main causes of social and environmental crisis (revolutions). Radiocarbon dating and isotope δ13S distribution curves for the studied soil profiles show that the evolution of the soil in different historical periods in different ways dependent on the anthropogenic pressure. Properties of arable horizons of different ages differ in agricultural development. Out of the crisis - only in the emergence of a new scientific worldview, which was asked to VV Dokuchaev, in the creation of new technologies that do not destroy the environment.

170 years since the birth of V.V. Dokuchaev Bezuglova Olga Stepanovna Abstract: March 1, 2016 marks 170 years since the birth of  V.V. Dokuchaev – an outstanding scientist, naturalist, founder of soil science. His views, theoretical and practical research influenced the development of a number of related disciplines, as well as the later appearance of such sciences as the doctrine of the biosphere and biogeochemistry.   Dokuchaev's ideas to restore the fertility of chernozem  steppes, which were implemented, have slowered the rapid degradation of the soil, but the situation remains difficult. In this regard, one of the urgent tasks of modern soil science is to increase public awareness of the importance of soils for food security and the implementation of essential ecosystem functions.