1.5.19. Почвоведение

The paper presents the results of studying the influence of various agricultural technologies - traditional (with moldboard plowing) and resource-saving (minimal and no-till) on the content and mobility of zinc in the soil when cultivating winter wheat in the southern zone of the Rostov region. The studies included agrocenoses of winter wheat, differing in the duration of the use of no-till technology (2 years, 9 and 11 years). The total zinc content was determined using X-ray fluorescence analysis. To determine the mobile compounds of the biomicroelement, an ammonium acetate buffer solution (pH 4.8) was used, followed by the use of atomic absorption spectrometry. It has been established that the content of both gross and mobile zinc in the ordinary chernozem of the studied agrocenoses of winter wheat corresponds to the regional level and does not exceed the MPC. The total content of zinc in winter wheat crops using various agricultural technologies is mainly at the level of the virgin area. Long-term use of the resource-saving No-Till technology (9 and 11 years) contributes to an increase in this biomicroelement by 15.0% compared to virgin soil and traditional technology based on moldboard plowing. In the same agrocenoses, a significant increase in the content of mobile zinc compounds was revealed to the level of the virgin area, but the degree of supply remained low. The share of mobile compounds of this biophilic element from gross forms is on average only 1.0%, which indicates its low bioavailability and the need to use mineral fertilizers containing zinc.

Size-mass characteristics of juvenile zander and roach in the Azov brackish lagoons of Krasnodar Territory in 2021 Eng. Size-mass characteristics of juvenile zander and roach in the Azov brackish lagoons of Krasnodar Territory in 2021 Astanina Elena A.1,2, Barabashin Timofey O.1, Poroshina Elena A.1 1Azov-Black Sea branch of the VNIRO (“AzNIIRKH”), Rostov-on-Don, Russia 2Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract: The estuaries of the Kuban’s delta are a unique and highly productive ecosystem. This complex of reservoirs played a significant role in the formation of fish productivity of such valuable commercial species as pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) and taran’ (Rutilus heckelii). Despite a number of negative changes in the bioecological conditions in the modern period, they still retain a fairly large productive area of natural spawning grounds. In the bayous of estuaries and in the estuaries themselves, studies of juvenile pike-perch and taran’ were carried out. No juveniles of the studied fish were found in the catches of the Soloviev duct. Pike-perch was found only on the Peresypsky and Kulikovsky ducts in single copies. Taran’s juveniles were present in the catches at each station. The minimum values of length and mass were observed in juvenile rams caught in the Peresypsky duct, the maximum values were noted in the Kulikovo duct. A noticeable difference in values can be explained by the extended spawning and, accordingly, by the different-time hatching of larvae. The juveniles of the pike-perch and taran’, coming out to sea from the Azov estuaries of the Krasnodar Territory in 2021, had good length and mass indicators, indicating favorable conditions for its development. The survival rate of such juveniles in the sea is higher. The intensity of its descent during the observation period was low, which may indicate not entirely favorable conditions for the survival of juveniles in the coastal part of the sea. Since the increasing salinity of the Sea of Azov has a negative impact on the condition and slope of juvenile pike-perch and taran’. The supply of fresh water in the right time and in sufficient quantity can improve the situation, but in the current climatic situation this is unlikely.

Modern views on the contribution of gene polymorphism of inflammatory molecules to the formation and development of schizophrenia Eng. Modern views on the contribution of gene polymorphism of inflammatory molecules to the formation and development of schizophrenia Kushchenko Veniamin, Volchik Varvara, Mashkina Elena Abstract: The articles characterizing schizophrenia as a polygenic disease with a potential contribution of polymorphic variants of the genes of various inflammatory molecules are considered. The main hypotheses considering the reciprocal influence of the immune and nervous systems of the human body are listed. The key tasks in studying the contribution of the immune system to the development of schizophrenia are: determining the source of neuroinflammatory changes (whether they come from the brain, the periphery, or a cumulative process), predicting changes in the brain that may anticipate changes in the inflammatory status, and also searching for molecular mechanisms of these specific changes, determining the duration of inflammation and the nature of changes in inflammatory status during the course of the disease. The most studied genes are sequences encoding molecules of cytokines, complement system factors, as well as some multifunctional molecules with specific immune functions. The association of gene polymorphisms with the risk of developing schizophrenia varies at the population level. The molecular mechanisms of the effect of interleukin molecules on the development of the brain, as well as some processes of the interaction of peripheral immunity with similar mechanisms in the central nervous system, are characterized. A study of the literature has shown that genetically determined changes in the immune system not only lead to abnormal brain development, but also interact with various environmental factors associated with schizophrenia. Further prospects for studying this scientific problem are proposed.  

The Effect of White Phosphorus on the Vitality, Cellular Morphology and Proteome of Fungus Aspergillus Niger Strains A.Z. Mindubaev a*, S.V. Fedosimovab, A.G. Daminovab, V.A. Romanovab, V.M. Babaevc, E.V. Babynind, E.K. Badeevac, S.T. Minzanovac, Y.A. Akosahb, J.V. Karaeva a   a Institute of Power Engineering and Advanced Technologies, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences bInstitute of Organic and Physical Chemistry named after A.E. Arbuzov. Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Arbuzov St., 8. Kazan, 420088. Russia. c Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University. University St., 18. Kazan, 420008. Russia. Tatar Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science – Subdivision of the Federal dResearch Center “Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences E-mail: mindubaev-az@yandex.ru     In previous studies, we demonstrated for the first time the biodegradation of white phosphorus by the molds Aspergillus Niger. However, studying the mechanisms of resistance of the fungus to such a toxic substance is essential. There may be several such mechanisms, of which two are most likely. The cell wall of the fungus is a barrier to the penetration of white phosphorus into the cell. In such a case, an increase in cell wall thickness should be observed in response to exposure to the toxicant. The second mechanism is associated with the expression of stress genes and the production of proteins by the fungus involved in the neutralization of toxicants, including white phosphorus. The microscopic and proteomic studies carried out in the present work have shown that both resistance mechanisms take place. In addition, white phosphorus causes a general activation of metabolism, accompanied by an increase in the number of mitochondria in the cells. It was shown that white phosphorus has little effect on the ratio of living and dead cells in the colonies of fungi, i.e. resistance to it is very high.

Obtaining a liquid humic preparation from sapropel Eng. Obtaining a liquid humic preparation from sapropel Bezuglova O.S., Khaletskaya G.Yu. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia     Abstract. Sapropel from Lake Beloe (Tatarstan) is characterized by a favorable composition of organic matter. Humic acids have a predominant presence of 41.1–42.3%. The content of non-hydrolysable residue is 33.3–36%. At the same time the proportion of fulvic acids shows quite high values at 22.9–24.4%. We applied EDTA, NaOH, Na2CO3 and hot distilled water to isolate humic substances from sapropel. An analysis of their composition showed that the reagents used to obtain the extracts significantly affect the composition of humic compounds. With application of sodium hydroxide, the ratio between humus groups remained the same as in the analysis of total carbon in sapropel. A solution of sodium carbonate helps to increase the yield of humic compounds in the extract by reducing the proportion of fulvic acids. On the other hand, EDTA gives a high yield of fulvic acids, but the extraction of humic acids sharply decreases. When using hot water, the extracts are characterized by a fairly high content of humic acids, fulvic acids and, in general, organic compounds. At the same time, aqueous extracts demonstrated a neutral reaction of the medium, while all other extracts showed an alkaline reaction.

Transformation of soils in urbanized landscapes of khabarovsk under the influence of hydrological processes         Roslikova Valentina Ivanovna          Absract. The transformation of the natural environment, including the soil mantle, in the Far Eastern landscapes occurs under the influence of various types of modern geological processes, conditioned not only by the specifics of natural factors, but by a whole series of man-made ones. The last ones lead to the activation of geological processes and the loss of not only the stability of structures, but also to a shift in the state of the soil mantle. This issue has not been investigated for the soils of the Far Eastern urban landscapes. To reveal the morphodiagnostic transformation of soils in urban areas, it is necessary to disclose the patterns of their transformation under the influence of dominant processes. These are technogenic hydrogeological processes that cause flooding and underflooding. The study is based on a new all-Russian classification of soils.       The objects of the study were two catenas located in different engineering and geological regions of a large industrial center in Khabarovsk with various types of technogenic hydrogeological processes. Diagnostic signs of transformed soils and new predpochvennye formations have been determined by means of the elementary landscapes of various sections of the catena, and the mechanisms of these transformations have been revealed. In the zone of technogenic flooding the relationship between the diagnostic features of transformed soils and the new environmental conditions is analyzed. Against the backdrop of landslide processes in the zone of technogenic flooding the nature of the soils transformation is considered. They were investigated in two blocks: man-made and mineral. The structure and mechanisms of creep in these blocks are different, which is clearly documented in the nature of the sliding material and the gradualness of the soil mantle transformation. The allocation of a new predpochvennye formation - fractal-stratified - is justified.

Association of PPARG polymorphism rs1801282 with the risk of atherosclerosis development: Meta - analysis Timofeeva S.V., Shkurat T.P. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia timofeeva.sophia@gmail.com Abstract The meta-analysis was aimed at evaluating the association between the rs1801282 polymorphism of the PPARG gene and the risk of developing atherosclerosis based on an analysis of data from 20 case-control studies. Searches for published case-control studies were performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases between 2000 and February 2022. Association was assessed by statistical odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RevMan software (Cochrane Collaboration, 5.3. Copenhagen) was used for the meta-analysis. To assess the relationship between PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism and the risk of atherosclerosis, 20 publications (twenty studies) with a large sample of 8691 cases and 11817 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the results showed that the Ala allele was associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis in the Asian population p=0.01, OR=2.06, 95% CI 1.16 - 3.65; p=0.02, OR=2.02, 95% CI 1.14 - 3.59 compared with the European population. Pooled risk ratios for atherosclerosis based on dominant, recessive, allelic, homozygous, and heterozygous PPARG rs1801282 polymorphism models were (p=0.96, OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.87-1.15; p=0.13, OR=1.21, 95% CI 0.95-1.53, p=0.88, OR=1.02, 95% CI 0.82-1.26, p=0.06, OR=1.26, 95% CI 0.99-1.61, p=0.53, OR=0.96, 95 % CI 0.83 - 1.10), respectively. The present meta-analysis indicated that the rs1801282 C/G PPARG polymorphism may be associated with the risk of atherosclerosis in an Asian population. Further studies will be required to confirm the observed association.

Heavy metals in compost from leaf litter and food waste HEAVY METALS IN COMPOST FROM LEAF LITTER AND FOOD WASTE Velchenkova L.D.1, Kartashova A.V. 1, Samarskaya M.A. 1, Shishkareva E.S. 1 1Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Annotation Compost was studied, consisting of leaf litter and vegetable food waste, with the addition of ordinary carbonate chernozem. Leaf litter and soil were sampled on the territory of the Botanical Garden of the SFU in Rostov-on-Don. The scheme of the experiment included three options: control and two options with the addition of the humic preparation BIO-Don10 to the water at concentrations of 0.008% and 0.016%. It has been established that there is no contamination of the compost with heavy metals. The excess of the background values ​​of the content in the soil of such biogenic elements as manganese and zinc, on the contrary, indicates the value of compost as a source of these microelements important in the life of plants and microorganisms. As the compost matures, a noticeable decrease in the concentration of nutrients - calcium and phosphorus - is observed. Contributes to the reduction of these elements and the addition of humic preparation BIO-Don10 to irrigation water at a dose of 0.008%. Indirectly, this indicates an increase in the biological activity of the compost when a humic preparation is added at such a concentration; therefore, this concentration of humate is optimal.

Seasonal dynamics of NDVI among the maple species Seasonal dynamics of NDVI among the maple species Ignatova Maria A. 1, Kozlovsky Boris L. 1, Dmitriev Pavel A. 1, Fedorinova Olga I. 1, Dmitrieva Anastasiya A. 1, Varduni Tat'yana V. 1 1Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, pdmitriev@sfedu.ru Abstract The paper attempted to use a hyperspectral camera under controlled conditions of a laboratory experiment to obtain unique curves of seasonal dynamics of NDVI values, allowing to identify the maple species. The objects of study were samples of Acer campestre L., Acer negundo L. and Acer saccharinum L. The maple leaf was surveyed in the laboratory using a Cubert UHD-185 hyperspectral camera under artificial light. To monitor the results, the content of chlorophyll was determined by a spectrophotometric method. Studies were conducted during the growing season of maples from the phenological phase of "full leaf unfolding" to the phenological phase of "the beginning of autumn leaf coloring. It is established that the seasonal dynamics of the NDVI value is similar to the dynamics of chlorophyll a, calculated by the spectrometric method. Empirical NDVI regression lines in all three maple species are synchronous at most survey times, especially in the maximum and minimum zones. However, the difference between NDVI maple species is not as drastic as in chlorophyll a, although in most survey periods the NDVI value of A. campestre is higher than that of the other two species of maples. We assume that the NDVI signature cannot be used to separate species of the genus Acer. However, to identify genera that vary significantly in phenology, the use of NDVI signature is quite possible.

Analysis of the flora of the experimental steppe fallow in the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University Analysis of the flora of the experimental steppe fallow in the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University   Shmaraeva A.N., Shishlova Zh.N., Kuzmenko I.P., Kazeev K.Sh., Makarova L.I. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; anshmaraeva@sfedu.ru   Abstract. The permanent study area (experimental steppe fallow) was organized on the territory of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University on the site of arable land in 2016. The area of the permanent study area is more than 700 sq. m. The steppe fallow is located in the western part of the Botanical Garden on the watershed between the Temernik River and the Sukhoi Chaltyr Beam. The indigenous vegetation of the territory of the Botanical Garden was a fragment of the Azov steppe dominated by small-turf grasses before its creation in 1927. The task of the permanent area is a comprehensive study of the process of restoring fallow lands of the steppe zone. The research is carried out by the staff of the Department of Ecology and Nature Management and Botanical Garden of the SFedU. As a result of monitoring the process of restoration of the steppe fallow, it was found that in the sixth year of demutation, the community is in a transitional state from the weedy stage to the rhizomatous stage. This is confirmed by the species composition of the community, the biomorphological, hydromorphological, phytocenotic structure of the flora. 85 species of seed plants from 27 families and 68 genera were registered in the steppe fallow community in 2021. The range of life forms of the fallow flora is quite diverse. It is significantly dominated by herbaceous plants (90,6 %), including the proportion of annuals is 34,1 %, biennials – 20,0 %, perennials – 36,5 %. Among herbaceous perennials, a significant proportion are rod-rooted (25,8 %), root-springing (19,4 %), and rhizomatous (42,0 %) plants; turf plants are represented by only one species (3,2 %). In the hydromorphological structure of the fallow flora, the leading position is occupied by a group of mesophytes (76,5 %). According to the formation structure the flora of the steppe fallow is quite heterogeneous, 5 phytocenotypes have been identified in its composition. The group of weeds is the most numerous in terms of the number of species (71,8 %). The peculiarity of the process of demutation of the steppe community is that the natural process of recovery is complicated by the influence of the introduction activity of the Botanical Garden and the influence of the surrounding urban environment.

Features of the particle-size distribution of ordinary carbonate chernozems of the Northern Azov See region Features of the particle-size distribution of ordinary carbonate chernozems of the Northern Azov See regionE. Boldyreva, O.S. Bezuglova, I. V. Morozov, A. A. Mezhenkov, Yu. A. Litvinov Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; maskow@mail.ru Abstract The results of inventory of data on the particle-size distribution composition of ordinary calcareous chernozem of the North Azov soil area accumulated in the regional soil data center are presented. A characteristic feature of the studied soils is the predominance of two fractions, the content of which is: coarse silt – 28.4 ± 5.6% and clay– 35.5 ± 6.8%. The average content of physical clay (the sum of soil particles <0.01mm) in ordinary carbonate chernozems in the whole region (64.3±6.6 %) and for the main soil varieties is calculated: for heavy loams – 56.4± 5.9%, and for light clays – 66.0± 3.9%. The contribution of particles of medium silt, fine silt and clay to the physical clay (<0.01mm) was also analyzed. Descriptive statistical characteristics for the content of silt and physical clay are presented.

Re-inventory of the flora of the Krasnopartizansky cluster site of the Rostovsky Reserve Re-inventory of the flora of the Krasnopartizansky cluster site of the Rostovsky Reserve Demina O.N.1, Rogal L.L2 1Karachay-Cherkess State University named after U.D. Aliyev, Karachaevsk, Russia; e-mail:ondemina@yandex.ru 2Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; e-mail: llrogal@sfedu.ru   Abstract: The article presents the results of the re-inventory of the flora of the Krasnopartizansky cluster site of the State Nature Biosphere Reserve «Rostovsky». The primary inventory of the flora and vegetation was conducted more than 15 years ago. Over time, there have been changes in the quantitative and taxonomic composition of the floristic complex of this site. As a result of the research, a new annotated list was compiled, including 285 types of higher vascular plants, including six «Red List» taxa. – Stipa ucrainica P. Smirn., Tulipa biflora Pall., Frankenia pulverulenta L., Iris pumila L., Tulipa schrenkii Regel, Bellevalia sarmatica (Pall. ex Georgi) Woronow. For the first time, Lythrum melanospermum Savul. & Zahar. has been identified – a new species for the flora of the Lower Don. Some species are given for the Krasnopartizansky site for the first time, such as Adonis aestivalis L., Alisma gramineum Lej., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Amoria retusa (L.) Dostal, Anthemis ruthenica Bieb., Atriplex intercontinentalis Sukhor., A. rosea L., Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth., Cerastium syvaschicum Kleop., Crypsis aculeata (L.) Ait., C. schoenoides (L.) Lam., Chenopodium rubrum L., Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult., Ferula caspica Bieb., Geranium pusillum Burm., Heliotropium ellipticum Ledeb., Lactuca saligna L., Lathyrus hirsutus L., Leymus ramosus (Trin.) Tzvel., Lycopus exaltatus L. fil., Marrubium vulgare L., Matricaria recutita L., Medicago lupulina L., Меlilotus albus Medik., Polycnemum arvense L., Polygonum novoascanicum Klok., Potentilla orientalis Jus., Rumex patientia L., R. marschallianus Reichenb., Phlomoides puberula (G.V. Krylov & Serg.) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm., Senecio noeanus Rupr., Sisymbrium loeselii L., Trigonella monspeliaca L., Valerianella costata (Steven) Betcke, Ventenata dubia (Leers.) Coss., Verbena supina L., Viola kitaibeliana Roem. & Schult.

Identification of weed plant species in agrocenoses of winter wheat according to hyperspectral survey data Tarik Ekaterina P.1, Kupryushkin Denis P.1, Dmitrieva Anastasiya A.1, Dmitriev Pavel A.1, Varduni Tatyana V.1 1Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, pdmitriev@sfedu.ru     Abstract: In the paper, an attempt was made to assess the possibility of using vegetation indices calculated from hyperspectral survey data to identify weed plant species in winter wheat agrocenoses. The objects of the study were samples of Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnst., Galium humifusum M. Bieb., Lamium amplexicaule L., Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. and Sinapis arvensis L. The study of the spectral characteristics of the selected objects was carried out using a frame hyperspectral camera Cubert UHD185. The reflected electromagnetic radiation from the samples was recorded in the range of 450–950 nm. According to the spectral survey, 80 vegetation indices were calculated for each sample. To compare the average values ​​of vegetation indices, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Random forest (RF) and Principal component analysis (PCA) were used. The results obtained confirm the possibility of using hyperspectral sensors for the identification of weed plant species in winter wheat agrocenoses according to hyperspectral survey data using vegetation indices.

Elements of the technology of cultivation of sunflower in the slope lands of the rostov region Taradin S.A. Don Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture Abstract: The article presents the results of studies of the influence of soil cultivation methods – dump processing and chisel processing – on snow retention, erosion processes, soil water permeability under sunflower crops, its productivity, an ecological and economic assessment of growing sunflower on the slope lands of ordinary chernozems is given. permeability, economy.   

The buffer capacity of Chernozem ordinary carbonate of the Rostov region Goncharova Lyudmila Yurievna Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract: The work is devoted to the study of some indicators of the buffer capacity of ordinary calcareous chernozems of the Rostov region. Buffer capacity is an important element of soil fertility stability. It should be taken into account in chemical reclamation, as well as in the environmental assessment of soils. The purpose of the work is to determine the buffer capacity and some of its indicators in ordinary calcareous chernozems of the Rostov region It is established that ordinary calcareous chernozems have high resistance to the acidification, which is due to their physical and chemical properties and soil formation factors. During acidification, the greatest buffering area and the greatest stability is established for the Chernozem of the agrobiostation (ABS) of the Southern Federal University "Nedvigovka". It is explained by the higher content of humus and carbonates. Chernozems of the Botanical garden of the Southern Federal University are more resistant to alkalinization in comparison with chernozems of the ABS, which are lighter in texture. When alkalizing all soils are characterized by the same type of chemical reactions that neutralize the alkali added to the soil. Recorded values of 9.0

Apophytic fraction of the synanthropic flora of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University Apophytic fraction of the synanthropic flora of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University Shmarayeva Antonina Nikolayevna, Kuzmenko Inna Petrovna, Shishlova Zhanna Nikolayevna, Fedyayeva Valentina Vasilievna, Dzigunova Julia Victoria Academy of Biology and Biotechnology named after D. I. Ivanovsky Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; anshmaraeva@sfedu.ru Summary: The article provides an annotated list and brief results the analysis of apophytic fraction of synanthropic flora of Botanical Garden (BG) of the Southern Federal University (SFU). The annotations for each species indicate: Latin and Russian names, life form, ecotype, type of geoelement, group of apophytes according to the method of penetration, frequency of occurrence, location within the boundaries of the Botanical Garden, as well as environmental status. The apophytic flora of the SFU Botanical Garden includes 201 species of higher vascular plants from 132 genuses and 57 families, which is 25.0 % of the taxonomic composition of wild growing BG flora. The synanthropization index (proportion of synatropic species in wild flora) is 46.0 %, apophytization (proportion of apophytes in synanthropic flora) is 54.3 %, and the adventization index (proportion of adventist species in synanthropic flora) is 45.7 %. The most numerous taxa in apophytic flora are the families: Asteraceae (26 species), Poaceae and Rosaceae (16 species each), Lamiaceae (13 species), Chenopodiaceae (12 species), Brassicaceae (11 species), Apiaceae (9 species), Fabaceae (8 species). More than half (52.6 %) of all families contain one genus and one species each. The largest genuses within apophytic flora contain 4–12 species: Rosa (12 species), Cuscuta and Atriplex (6 species each), Cirsium (5 species), Veronica and Chenopodium (4 species each), the remaining genuses include 1–3 species each. In the spectrum of life forms on Serebrjakov in the composition of apophytic flora of BS is significantly dominated by herbaceous plants (82.6 %), among which the share of one-year-olds is 41.8 %, two-year-olds – 11.4%, herbaceous perennial – 29.4 %. According to the method of penetration into anthropogenic habitats, the structure of apophytic flora of BS is dominated by autopophytes (64.2 %). Among the apophytic plants of BS, six species from the genus of dodder are included in the List of quarantine objects (pests of plants, agents of plant diseases and weed plants) in the territory of the Russian Federation.  

Some patterns of enzyme activity in various soil zones of urban landscapes of Sumgait Eng.  Some patterns of enzyme activity in various soil zones of urban landscapes of Sumgait Bagirova Chinara Z., Nadjafova Samira I. Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan; nadjafovas@yahoo.com Abstract: The features of the metabolic processes of transformation of the organic and mineral components of the soil are determined mainly by the complex of soil enzymes, the abundance and qualitative composition of the microbiocenosis. The activity of soil enzymes is an additional diagnostic indicator of soil fertility and its changes under anthropogenic impact. Studies of the activity of soil enzymes in various zones of the city of Sumgait - a large industrial center in which the petrochemical and oil refining industries are concentrated. The results of field studies showed that the activity of soil enzymes was not the same in different zones of the city of Sumgait. Significant differences in the catalase activity of soils of roadside and industrial zones and soils under parks have been established. With technogenic pollution, the functional activity of soil microorganisms is significantly reduced. In comparative terms, the activity of all soil enzymes is most suppressed in industrial zones, and to the least extent in park zones. The analysis shows that the technologically polluted soils of the industrial city of Sumgayit are characterized by weak stability of soil enzymes. These indicators reflect the specificity of pollutants, the degree of contamination, the nature and intensity of biological processes in soil affected by industrial impacts - industrial and transport emissions. The research results can be part of the database for an objective assessment of the soil cover of urban landscapes in Sumgait, to prevent the deterioration of their environmental functions, for the development of the scientific basis for the use of microorganisms in technologies for cleaning and increasing the fertility of urban soils.  

The investigation features of physical properties of ordinary calcareous chernozems of the Rostov region (Russia) Eng. The investigation features of physical properties of ordinary calcareous chernozems of the Rostov region (Russia) Kolesnikova Nadezhda A., Varel’dzhan Diana E., Morozov Igor V. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; migovad@sfedu.ru Abstract: The aim of this work is to investigate features of physical properties of ordinary calcareous chernozems of the Rostov region. Amendments to methods for studying the soil bulk density and porosity of the investigated soils are proposed. To determine the hydrological constants, such as the capillary moisture capacity  and the full water capacity of ordinary calcareous chernozem, are proposed using the calculate-analytical method developed by I.V. Morozov. The principle of the method is based on the relationship between hydrological constants and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil.  

Comparative analysis of methods for determining the particle size distribution of soils Eng. Comparative analysis of methods for determining the particle size distribution of soils Shkuropadskaya Kristina V., Pshenichnaya Alyona A., Boldyreva Veronika E., Morozov Igor V. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract: The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the results of determining the particle-size distribution of soils obtained by various methods: the field wet method, the pipette method, and also regulated by international (ISO 11277: 2009) and interstate (GOST 12536-2014) standards. Investigations of the particle-size distribution for ordinary calcareous chernozems have shown that the causes of inconsistencies in the analyzes results of the same soil samples using the pipette-method and the areometric method according to GOST 12536–2014 and ISO 1127762009 are exclusively associated with different approaches to preparing soil samples for laboratory tests. First of all, the analyses data are depended on the ratio of the soil sample mass and the dispersant volume.  

Immunological characteristics of thymus in guinea pig Eng. Immunological characteristics of thymus in guinea pig Evstropov Vladimir M.   Don state technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract:  It is known that different subclasses of thymus cells can perform different immunological functions. This is largely due to the maturity of thymocytes. Given the fact of age-related involution of the thymus and the significant role of the thymus gland in T-cell maturation, as well as the widespread use of guinea pigs as various experimental immunological models, the aim of the study was to study some subclasses of immunological significance in guinea pigs of different ages. in animals of different ages (the first group - the age of 3-4 weeks, the second group - the average age of 3 months). The thymocytes with peanut agglutinin receptors (PNA + cells) in the thymus of these guinea pigs were studied; E-ROCK identified by spontaneous rosette formation with rabbit erythrocytes; EAC-ROCK - in rosette formation with rabbit erythrocytes coated with antibodies and complement; Tµ thymocytes — by rosette formation with bovine erythrocytes (EA-PO) loaded with an IgM fraction of specific antibodies, and Tγ cells — by rosette formation with bovine erythrocytes loaded with an IgG fraction of specific antibodies. It was shown that to characterize age-related differences in guinea pig thymus, methods can be used to determine in the thymus gland cells of various subclasses that have immunological significance, in particular, Tγ cells and PNA + cells.  

The article is devoted to Pavel Alexandrovich Sadimenko, whose 100th anniversary was celebrated in July this year. A prominent soil scientist whose scientific interests were concentrated in the field of land reclamation and soil physics, Professor P. A. Sadimenko also paid great attention to the study of the trace element composition of soils.

The yield of soybean varieties Kazachka erosion-dangerous slope depending on the method of basic soil treatment and mineral fertilizers Rychkova M. I. Mishchenko A.V. Federal Rostov agricultural research center, Rassvet village, Russia, E-mail: rychkova-1980@list.ru Annotation: The results of three-year field studies on the influence of methods of basic tillage and mineral fertilizers on the yield of soybean varieties Kazachka, obtained in the conditions of erosion-dangerous slope of ordinary carbonate chernozems (according  WRB, 2014, – Haplic Chernozem) of the Rostov region. Studies have found that in the conditions of erosion-dangerous slope an effective way of basic soil treatment in the cultivation of soybean varieties Kazachka is chisel and the introduction of an increased level of mineral fertilizers norm N84P30K48 (162 kg d. V. per 1 ha of crop area). At the same time, the highest indicators of productive moisture reserves in the soil and yield increase are formed-0.38 t/ha. Chiseling contributed to an increase in the payback of 1 kg of fertilizers by an increase in yield by 0.13-0.35 kg/kg in comparison with plowing.

Architectonics of the kidneys in connection with frost resistance Kidneys, like seeds, are of great importance in preserving plant life, especially in adverse environmental conditions. The structure of the kidneys consists of tissues and parts with varying degrees of thermal conductivity. A method for assessing the resistance of kidney to frost is proposed, depending on the internal structure of structures and location in space.

Entry of Zn and Cd from soil into herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae and Poaceae families Abstract: Environmental heavy metals pollution is one of the most pressing problems of nowaday ecology. Heavy metals are not subject to biodegradation and tend to move along the food chain, thereby threatening the animals and humans health. The aim of the work was to study Cd and Zn accumulation in different wild-growing herbaceous plants species of the Asteraceae and Poaceae families under long-term technogenic pollution. Ecological monitoring of the impact zone of the city of Novocherkassk, subjected to many years of technogenic pollution, was carried out. In plants growing in a 5 km zone around Novocherkasskaya power station, contamination with the studied elements was revealed. The soils of monitoring sites located in the prevailing north-west direction of winds are subject to the greatest pollution. The dependence of the content of Zn and Cd in the herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae and Poaceae families on the distance to the source of the technogenic load was established. The selectivity of metal accumulation by the studied species of herbaceous plants at various levels of technogenic pollution was revealed. Plants of the Asteraceae family accumulate the studied elements mainly in the aboveground part, Poaceae are characterized by a greater accumulation of metals in the root system. The least resistant to the input of pollutants from the soil is the Achillea nobilis. Poa pratensis has the highest resistance to Zn and Cd pollution by the combination of assessment indicators. Cd has a higher mobility in soils than Zn, which leads to a higher level of plant pollution with this element. The particle size distribution of the soil also has a significant effect on the availability of metals to plants.

The theoretical basis for the use of humic preparations on irrigated light serozems The considered materials testify that the development of the questions of the biochemistry of humus and humus substances, the use of biohumus in agriculture of irrigated light serozems lags behind the general state of this section of soil science. Studies of humus in soils and biohumus will provide additional opportunities for theoretical and practical developments that allow you to solve the addition and the necessary issues of agricultural practice in the region.

Immunological phenomenon of physical antigen-specific interaction of mononuclear cells with granulocytes in vitro Evstropov Vladimir M. Don state technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract:  Currently, only some aspects of the physical contact antigen-specific interaction of lymphocytes with granulocytes have been described (5), but meanwhile it is known that not only various subpopulations of lymphocytes, but also macrophages play a leading role in the formation of specific (adaptive) immunity. In recent years, neutrophils have also become regarded as cells involved in the recognition of a pathogen; therefore, the physical interaction of these cells, which are excorded from the immune system, in the presence of a causally significant antigen in vitro is of undoubted interest. According to some researchers, to study a specific cellular immune response as a criterion for assessing the effectiveness of immunization, it is advisable to use laboratory methods in vitro using specific antigens [7]. The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of assessing the indication of specific immunity in vitro by characterizing the physical antigen-specific interaction of mononuclear cells with granulocytes isolated from rat blood immunized with staphylococcal disintegrant in the presence of incomplete Freund's adjuvant. In this case, the quantitative level of rosettingformation mononuclear cells interacting with three or more granulocytes in vitro in the presence of this antigen was evaluated. The results of the study showed an increase in the quantitative level of rosetting mononuclear cells, compared with the same indicator of non-immune rats of the control group. The paper considers the possible participation in the implementation of this immunological phenomenon of subpopulations of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes (naive T cells, CD45RA-positive effector cells, antigen-reactive T cells), as well as NK cells, monocytes and neutrophils. It is assumed that this method can be used to detect an immune response, however, the molecular mechanism of this immunological phenomenon and its immunological classification (attribution to the cellular or cell-mediated type of reaction involving cell-fixed antibodies) needs further study.

On the biological degradation of white phosphorus On the biological degradation of white phosphorus   1 Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry named after A.E. Arbuzov. Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Arbuzov St., 8. Kazan, 420088. Republic of Tatarstan. Russia. E-mail: mindubaev-az@yandex.ru 2 Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University. University St., 18. Kazan, 420008. Republic of Tatarstan. Russia. Abstract For the first time different taxonomic groups of microorganisms (fungi, Streptomyces and bacteria) are inoculated on culture medium containing white phosphorus as the single source of phosphorus. On these media microorganisms grew and have not experienced phosphorus starvation. It is the world's first example of the inclusion of white phosphorus in the biosphere cycle of elemental phosphorus. The highest concentration corresponds to 5000 times excess of MPC of white phosphorus in wastewater. The comparison of the sequences of ribosomal genes of the fungus, steadily metabolizing the white phosphorus, with sequences of the GenBank database, allowed us to identify this microorganism as a new strain of Aspergillus niger, to which we have assigned the number A. niger AM1. Inoculation of A. niger AM1 in medium containing just two sources of phosphorus (phosphate and white phosphorus) demonstrated that P4 does not exhibit toxic properties in relation to this microorganism. In the presence of white phosphorus it grows at the same rate as in the absence thereof. This is the only example of the lack of white phosphorus toxicity to a living organism. Our previous studies have demonstrated the absence of white phosphorus toxicity for Aspergillus niger AM1. However, the toxic properties of the substances are of different nature. It is of great interest to study the genotoxicity – a possible source of mutations. In the present work SOS-lux test has demonstrated genotoxicity of white phosphorus. This result is obtained for the first time – all the available literature sources reported no genotoxic properties of white phosphorus. Allium test showed the mitotoxic effect of white phosphorus on eukaryotic cells. A very interesting and unexpected result was the discovery of a mutant Aspergillus niger AM1. In comparison with an ancestral strain this mutant possesses an unusual morphology and grows more intensively in culture medium with white phosphorus. Three strains of A. niger, sent from the All-Russian collection of microorganisms, also showed much higher resistance to white phosphorus than bacteria. According to preliminary data, resistance to white phosphorus the A. niger is fixed in the genome.

Resource-saving elements of soybean cultivation technology on the slopes of the Rostov region Resource-saving elements of soybean cultivation technology on the slopes of the Rostov region Rychkova M.I., Gaeva E.A., Mishchenko A.V. Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center, Rassvet. Е-mail: emmaksay@inbox.ru. Abstract. The article presents the actual results of research on the development of resource-saving elements of soybean cultivation technology, providing moisture saving, high productivity and soil protection from erosion. Two-year studies were carried out on the erosion-dangerous slope of the South-Eastern exposure of the Bolshoy Log beam, Aksai district of the Rostov region in the system of contour-landscape organization of the territory in 2017-2018. Studied two methods of primary tillage – otvalnuyu adopted for monitoring and chisel. Chisel tillage in the cultivation of soybean was performed by chisel plow. Dump processing was carried out with a plow blade. The mineral nutrition system included three backgrounds: natural fertility recommended by zonal systems and increased by half. It is established that to prevent possible erosion it is recommended to cultivate soybeans in the system of contour-band placement of fields. It is shown that the payback of the crop fertilizers on the version with the chisel treatment of the soil is higher than on the dump. Increasing the dose of fertilizer in half reduces the payback of fertilizers by 18.9-19.4 %. It is revealed that the approved soil protection (chisel) tillage can significantly reduce the erosion processes – soil flushing by 22.9%, runoff – 10.0%, the cost of fuel and lubricants-18.8%, increase the accumulation of reserves of productive moisture in the soil with a more economical expenditure, yield – by 30.2 – 32.1%, conditional net income-up to 6.6 thousand rubles /ha, profitability-by 42.1%, recoupment of direct costs yield of 1.4 rubles per ruble in comparison with the same indicators at the dump plowing.

Location on the Caucasus Potentilla multi-advisable (Potentilla multifida L.) Location on the Caucasus Potentilla multi-advisable (Potentilla multifida L.)  O.N. Demina, L.L. Rogal'  Abstract: The paper describes the Gum-Bashi Pass, which is named after the homonymous right-bank tributary of the Kuban - the Mara River. The distribution of grass vegetation on the Gum-Bashi Pass, as on the whole Rocky Caucasus Mountains, is associated with vertical zonality or altitudinal belt ecosystems. The characteristic of indigenous subalpine vegetation is given: on gentle northern slopes and plateaus of the Rocky ridge formed lush grassy meadows; Petrophytic steppes develop on the steep slopes of the southern, southeastern, and southwestern exposures. The most common types of natural forage lands on the Gum-Bashi Pass are mountain meadow communities on mountain sod-podzolic, gray and brown forest soils, and meadow-steppe communities on leached and podzolized black soil. However, the main purpose of the work is to describe a new plant species, Potentilla multifida L., which we discovered for the first time in the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia, in the Rocky Ridge system on the Gum-Bashi Pass and confirming its growth in the Caucasus. In describing this species, it is mentioned that this herbaceous perennial reaches 40 cm in height. The leaves of the plant are green above and beloiclochic below, dissected into linear lobes. The flowers are small, on thin pedicels, pale yellow. The beginning of its flowering was recorded when the species was collected. A critical summary of references to this species and an indication of the need to describe a new Caucasian form is given. In conclusion, one more time focuses on the need for this description, studying the distribution of P. multifida in the Caucasus and its phytocenotic environment. The article is illustrated with a large number of photos.

Effect of different phytohormones on Austrian sage multiplication (Salvia austriaca Jacq.) Effect of different phytohormones on Austrian sage multiplication (Salvia austriaca Jacq.) Vasilchenko Elena V., Sereda Mikhail M., Varduni Tatiana V. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia  Abstract: The influence of phytohormones such as 6-benzylaminopurine, naphthylacetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid on the Austrian sage multiplication (Salvia austriaca Jacq.) in an in vitro culture is discussed in the paper. Austrian sage is the medicinal, essential oil, melliferous and ornamental steppe herb, included in the Red List of the Rostov region. The study was conducted in the laboratory of cellular and genomic technologies of plants of the Botanical Garden. Seeds from the collection of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University were used as the primary explant. For cultivation the Murashige and Skoog medium was used. Murashige and Skoog medium without the addition of phytohormones was used as a control. Evaluation of the multiplication efficiency was carried out after 21 days. The multiplication factor was calculated as the number of new shoots. The highest multiplication factor was observed in the medium with the addition of 0.5 mg / l of 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg / l of naphthylacetic acid. This concentration of phytohormones is recommended for micropropagation of Austrian sage. The concentration of auxins (IAA and NAA) 0.3 mg/l leads to a decrease in the efficiency of Austrian sage multiplication. The height of shoot was approximately the same and no statistically significant differences were found on all tested mediums. It should be pointed out that with a greater concentration of phytohormones physiological abnormalities was observed.

Methods of soil fertility preservation on eroded slopes of Rostov region Methods of soil fertility preservation on eroded slopes of Rostov region Gaevaia Е.А. Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center, Rassvet. Е-mail: emmaksay@inbox.ru. Abstrac: Тhe Studies were carried out in a multifactorial stationary experiment in 1991-2018 years. the Experiment is located on the slope of the beam of the Big Log of Aksai district of Rostov region. The soil of the experimental site is ordinary heavy loamy Chernozem on loess-like loam, medium-eroded. In the experiment studied two crop rotation zernopererabotki (I) and sertralineprograms (II), and three levels of organic-mineral system of fertilizers («0» – natural fertility; «1» – cattle manure 5 t + N46P24K30 and «2» – cattle manure 8 t + N84P30K48 1 hectare). The aim of the study was to study the balance of humus depending on the design of crop rotations located on the eroded slopes of the Rostov region, to identify ways to preserve soil fertility at the initial level and increase it. As a result of the research, the amount of washed soil was determined. The importance of plant residues in the accumulation of humus is shown. It is established that the intensive use of agricultural land in the Rostov region without fertilizer leads to a reduction in the humus content in the soil. The role of perennial grasses in reducing soil flushing by 35.6% was studied. It is shown that the long-term use of organic fertilizers in crop rotations at a dose of 5 tons of cattle manure and N46P24K30, as well as the introduction of 20% of perennial in the crop rotation allows to maintain a positive balance of humus at the level of (+35 kg/ha) in the grain-grass crop rotation. Increasing the dose of fertilizer to 8 tons of cattle manure and N84P30K48 contributes to the accumulation of humus up to (+100 kg/ha) in the grain crop rotation. The possibility of replacing organic fertilizers with 1-2 t/ha of wheat straw using compensatory doses of nitrogen fertilizers is shown.

To the future without poliomyelitis: the state of the epidemic, vaccination issues (review) To the future without poliomyelitis: the state of the epidemic, vaccination issues (review) Belova Olga Evgen’evna  FSRI SRC VB «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk reg., Russia  Abstract: Polio is a highly contagious viral infection that affects mainly children under five years of age, which can lead to paralysis or even death. Damage to the nervous system is manifested by fever, pain in the limbs, then peripheral irreversible paralysis. In severe cases, paralysis of the respiratory muscles can occur, which causes death. The transmission mechanism is predominantly fecal-oral. The only way to combat polio remains vaccination. The vaccine provides the development of long-term humoral and local immunity. The purpose of this work is to analyze the epidemiological situation of poliomyelitis in the world 31 years after the adoption of the Global Polio Eradication Program, and to compare the characteristics of live and inactivated polio vaccines. Issues related to the use of live oral polio vaccine and the need for its phased withdrawal from circulation, the problem of vaccine-related polioviruses and vaccine-associated paralytic polio are considered. Describes ongoing research into the development of new safe and effective polio vaccines; approaches to the development of new IPV to reduce costs, increase coverage and reduce the risks of using live polioviruses in vaccine production; new technologies for the delivery and administration of IPV; clinical studies of new vaccines and vaccination schedules. The main objectives of the strategy to complete the eradication of poliomyelitis for 2019-2023 are discussed: eradication, integration, certification and containment.

The ameliorative condition of the soil spread around the Kattakurgan reservoir and its changes The ameliorative condition of the soil spread around the Kattakurgan reservoir and its changes Abdullaev S.A.1, Jabbarov Z.A.1, Tursunulova A.1, Okolelova A.A.2, Kholdorov Sh.M.3 1National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, zafarjonjabbarov@gmail.com 2Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia, allaokol@mail.ru 3Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology – TUAT, Tokyo, Japan, sh.m.xoldorov@gmail.com Abstract: Changes in the physicomechanical properties and ameliorative state of the soil were studied using the Kattakurgan reservoir as an example; the degree of fossil, the density of irrigated lands, the dynamics of the groundwater level by years, the ameliorative state and the location of salts by layers were studied. According to the results, the indicator of soils with an inadequate ameliorative state increased from 4.22% to 5.58%. It was justified that the level of groundwater salinity is mainly between 0-1 g / l and 1-3 g / l. It is scientifically substantiated that the main effect of the Kattakurgan reservoir on soils is formed by the accumulation of salts, the effect on the physicomechanical properties is relatively small.

Study of the influence of parkland of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University on the parameters of the microclimate Study of the influence of parkland of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University on the parameters of the microclimate A. S. Bezrukova, B. L. Kozlovskij, M. V. Kuropyatnikov Southern Federal University (SFedU), Rostov-on-Don Abstract: Rostov region refers to areas with uncomfortable conditions. Therefore, to create a comfortable environment requires special events. In cities, forest parks, parks, gardens and squares create a favorable microclimate. Analysis of the literature shows that the influence of green spaces on the microclimate of southern cities is not well studied. The aim of the work was to assess the impact of the park of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University on the microclimate. As the object of the study were taken different in species composition plots of the park of the Botanical Garden of SFedU. As part of the study, measurements were made of the temperature and humidity of the air using the UNI-T UT333 device at a height of 1,3 m from the soil surface, as well as the surface temperature using the UNI-T UT320D device. The measurements were carried out on pedestrian alleys and paths. In the course of the research, it was established that the park stands effectively affect the microclimate parameters (air and surface temperature, air humidity), changing them in the direction of more comfortable. It is proved that there is a reliable difference between the values of the measured parameters at open space and in the park area with a confidence level of 99,9 %. The greatest effect of changes in air temperature and road network surfaces is observed at noon, then it decreases. The absolute difference in humidity between the park and open spaces during the day does not change. The ameliorative effect of parkland on of surrounding areas is spread weakly. The degree of change of microclimate parameters does not depend on the species composition of woody plants growing on it.  

Catalogue of the rare and extinct plant's collection of the Rostov region in the Botanical garden of the Southern Federal University Catalogue of the rare and extinct plant's collection of the Rostov region in the Botanical garden of the Southern Federal University Shmaraeva Antonina N., Shishlova Zhanna N., Kuzmenko Inna P., Firsova Anna V. Botanical garden of SFU, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; anshmaraeva@sfedu.ru Abstract: The Botanical garden of Southern Federal University (BS) for more than 90 years of its existence turned into the center of the conservation of biodiversity of plants. From the moment of its creation the methods of an introduction of plants in a steppe zone were developed in the Botanical garden, woody and grassy plant's collections were formed. The BS modern collection fund is presented by 17 thematic collections and expositions of the outdoor and in closed greenhouses. One of priority problems of BS is preservation of rare species of regional flora ex situ, that is: in the collections and expositions. To these targets serve, first of all, the collection of rare and endangered species of plants of the Rostov region. When forming a collection the new knowledge and practical material received in the course of implementation of long-term projects on maintaining the Red List of the Rostov region are used. Now the collection of rare and extinct plants of the Rostov region contains 75 species of flowering plants (or 40% of total number of the protected seed plants of the Rostov region) from 28 families and 55 genuses, including 24 species included in the Red List of the Russian Federation and 6 species included in the Annex to the Red List of the Russian Federation. The grassy perennials, xerophytes, species of steppe ecology prevail in the collection; and in the geographical relation – the species, connected with the arid centers of origin. The species with category of a rarity 3 (rare), and category of a rarity 2 (reducing in number). are presented in the collection in more or less equal degree. Six species have category of a rarity 1 (being under the threat of extinction) and four species – category of a rarity 5 (restored).  

The change of absorbed bases composition in desert soils as an indicator of their evolution  The change of absorbed bases composition in desert soils as an indicator of their evolutionYuldashev G.1, Isagaliev M.T.1, Bezuglova O.S.2 1Fergana State University, Republic of Uzbekistan 2 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia   The research is aimed to clarify the role of the capacity of the soil absorbing complex and the composition of cations in the evolutionary transformations of the irrigated desert soils. The object of research comprised the soils of large regions of oasis agriculture of the lower reaches of the Amu Darya and Central Fergana, where irrigated meadow, floodplain alluvial and irrigated meadow, oasis soils are distributed respectively. Considering the alluvial nature of the deposits on which the studied soils are formed, they can be attributed to the reference soil group Fluvisols (Fluvisols). Absorbed bases were determined by the Pfeffer method in Kruger modification. It was established that the studied soils are characterized by certain values ??of the absorption capacity and the ratio of cations in the composition of the soil absorbing complex, depending on the duration of irrigation and a combination of soil formation factors. At the same time, the average content of each cation in the composition of the soil absorbing complex is relatively stable for the soil. In the process of evolution, which occurs under the influence of agrotechnical and agromeliorative methods of using the soil, these indicators change slowly following the change in the grain size distribution. In general, the amount of absorbed bases increases with the increase in the cultivation of irrigated hydromorphic desert soils. The chemical composition of alluvial and alluvial-proluvial pedogenesis soils also influences the characteristics of soil formation in the desert zone and the specifics of their ameliorative characteristics. According to the content of Ca ++, Mg ++, K +, Na + as part of the soil absorbing complex, the potential capabilities of the soils and the efficiency of land reclamation are determined, measures are being taken to increase the fertility of irrigated soils.

The paper aims to assess the impact of urbanization on the quantitative characteristics and species composition of microbial communities of the urban soils of Rostov-on-Don. 10 soil samples characterized by a dramatically different level of anthropogenic impact and transformation have been studied. The microbial communities of the upper horizons of weakly disturbed natural soils (Haplic chernozem) were compared to those from the urbic horizons of the Technosols in the central part of the city. It has been shown that the process of urbanization leads to a fundamental change in the microbial communities of urban soils in the steppe zone. There is a decrease in species diversity in the microbial communities. In addition, in anthropogenically transformed soils there is an increased number of copiotrophic bacteria compared to weakly disturbed soils. The number of aerobic spore-forming bacteria of the order Bacillales decreases several times. The species composition also changes, which is manifested in the disappearance of typical species from microbial complexes of anthropogenically transformed soils. The proportion of rapidly growing species of bacteria (r-strategists) is increased in the microbial communities of urban soils, indicating that the soils are under stress. The stability of the soil ecosystem is impaired and this may lead to the loss of its ecological functions. In addition, an increase in the proportion of microorganisms with antioxidant pigments was observed in anthropogenically transformed soils.

Rare species of plants and fungi in the territories of protected natural objects of the Rostov region Rare species of plants and fungi in the territories of protected natural objects of the Rostov region Fedyaeva Valentina Vasilyevna1, Shmarayeva Antonina Nikolayevna1, Hibukhina Tatyana Yuryevna2, Shishlova Zhanna of Nikolayevna1, Kuzmenko Inna Petrovna1 1 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; vfedyaeva@gmail.com 2 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Rostov region, Rostov-on-Don, Russia   The formation of network of the especially protected natural territories (EPNT) is one of the most effective mechanisms of preservation of the natural complexes and objects in World practice, including biological diversity of plants. 82 EPNT with a total area of 233.49 thousand hectares operate in the Rostov region now, covering 2.31 % of its territory. It is much less than average World's level (8.8 %) and an than average Russia's level (13.6 %). In the course of the researches the biological diversity of plants and fungi was defined on EPNT of status category: «protected natural objects», including the species, engaged in the Red List of the Rostov region. The protected natural objects are the unique single natural objects and unique territories, having the area less than 100.0 hectares, representing scientific, educational, cultural and esthetic value. The protected natural objects are presented in 13 of 43 administrative regions of the Rostov region. The total area of the protected natural objects which are located in different parts of the area to the date 01.03.2018 is 1.07 thousand hectares which corresponds to 0.50 % of total area of EPNT, operating in the Rostov region. In recent years it was established, that in the territories of protected natural objects of the Rostov area 98 species of plants and fungi occur, which are included in the Red List of the Rostov region (35.9 % of the total number), including 26 species engaged in the Red List of the Russian Federation – 51.0 % of the total number of the «Red List» federal objects, growing in the territory of the Rostov region.  

Thermal desorption of petroleum products and heavy metals in soils of the Volgograd–Volzhsky agglomeration Thermal desorption of petroleum products and heavy metals in soils of the Volgograd–Volzhsky agglomeration Kaplya Veronika N., Okolelova Alla A., Korchagina Mariya P. Volgograd state technical University, Volgograd, Russia; veronikazaikina@mail.ru Abstract: Thermal desorption is used to accelerate the extraction of large amounts of high–molecular hydrocarbons (including petroleum products) from the soil. It was carried out under the influence of high temperatures and pressure in the autoclave MLS – 3020 U (SANVO, Japan) at 1.5 atm (122 ° C), and warmed in a dry oven SHS–80–01 at 170 ° C for 40 minutes . Purpose: to study the features of fixing petroleum products and heavy metals in agglomeration soils, changes in their concentration in the soil under the influence of high temperatures and pressure (thermal desorption). This article presents information on the content of petroleum products and heavy metals in light chestnut and alluvial soils of the Volgograd–Volzhsky agglomeration, and for the first time – changes in their content in the soil after thermal desorption. For the first time we used similar conditions for determination of heavy metals in soils. The concentration of petroleum products after thermal desorption in the soil increases by 1.22–1.50 times. The increase in the concentration of petroleum products after thermal desorption occurs due to the fact that a significant part of them, represented by light fractions, evaporates in the first weeks after entering the soil, and heavy fractions are sorbed by the mineral part of the soil, and as a result of desorption are released. The concentration of heavy metals after thermal desorption are almost twice less than their gross forms. We assume that the mobile fractions (acid – and water–soluble) at a given temperature and pressure evaporate, and as a result of desorption elements are released from the complexes.  

Гумусное состояние черноземов Болгарии Filcheva Е.G., Ilieva R. S., Lubenova I., Hristov B., Hristova M.  Abstract. Content, composition and morphology of soil organic matter are important diagnostic indicators which provide valuable information in the study of soils and soil processes. Data for content and composition of soil organic matter from statistical profiles of subtypes of Chernozem are presented in the study.Micromorphological characteristics of studied soils are developed. Micromorphological indicators confirm the identified chemically - humus type and humic acids condensation.    

Оценка основных кинетических параметров каталазы в почве Fariz Mikayilov Department of Soil Science and Nutrition of Plants of Agricultural Faculty of "Igdyr" University, 76000, Igdir, Turkey, fariz.m@igdir.edu.tr Abstract. Numerous studies have been carried out on the kinetics of enzymatic processes in soils in which the kinetic parameters Vmax and KM are determined using the Michaelis-Menten equation. The enzyme activity values for a short period of time from the start of the reaction are usually used as the value of the reaction rate. In contrast to these studies, we used analytical methods to determine the initial rate of the enzymatic reaction. Calculations are made for determining the values of the initial velocity and kinetic parameters of catalase in the soil. The conducted studies show the dependence of the accumulation of the catalase enzymatic reaction products from the incubation time at various concentrations of substrates in the soils of Konya province. It has been shown that the amount of the reaction products grows nonlinearly, moreover it is described by the most accurate and adequate model - a polynomial of the 4th degree. Using this model, the initial velocity values for each substrate concentration were calculated. The curves of the dependence of the initial rate of the catalase reaction in the soil from the substrate concentration for the soils of the Chumra region have a monotonous form. Thus, we were able to improve the accuracy of determining the initial reaction rate and the kinetic parameters Vmax and KM of the enzymatic reaction of hydrogen peroxide decomposition by catalase in real soil conditions.  

Changes in the properties of oil-contaminated soils in the desert zone Changes in the properties of oil-contaminated soils in the desert zone Jabbarov Z.A.1, Abdrakhmanov T.1,Xaidmuxamedova Z.L., Wilkomirsky B.2 1National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, zafarjonjabbarov@gmail.com  2Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia, allaokol@mail.ru 3Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland, bowi@biol.uw.edu.pl    Abstract: The studies examined the state of soil pollution by remoteness from the source of pollution and the soil profile as a result of the activity of five oil fields and one oil and gas enterprise. At the same time, pollution was noted with two types of soil pollutants around oil fields and an oil and gas enterprise. According to the obtained results, it was noted that the degree of soil pollution by sources relative to the background in the gray-brown soils spread around the Kukdmalok oil fields was 10.3 g / kg; in meadow-alluvial soils common around the North Oknazar oil fields - 6.4; in takyr-meadow soils common around UDP “Muborakneftgaz” - 2.80; in gray-brown soils spread around the Uchkyzyl oil fields - 11.2; in takyr soils common around Kakaidi-2.4 oil fields; and in desert sandy soils around the Khovdak oil fields - 82.7 g / kg.  

Metabolomic profiling of soils of chronoseries of podzols of a sand quarry Metabolomic profiling of soils of chronoseries of podzols of a sand quarry K.V. Sazanova, E.V. Abakumov, D.Yu. Vlasov FGBOU St. Petersburg State University, 199034, St. Petersburg, University Emb. d.7-9   Abstract: Metabolic profiling of soil samples from the chrono-series of the Maluksinsky quarry was carried out: 1-2 years old, fresh sand lithostra with no signs of overgrowing and soil formation, the stage of self-overgrowing 15–20 years with emerging pine-tree and sod-podbur, the stage of self-overgrowing 30–35 years with embryo podzol, the stage of self-overgrowing 70 years with formed podzol and pine forest background soil near the quarry. Soil chronoseries are promising model objects in which the process of soil restoration can be observed in development within certain time intervals. Analysis of methanol extracts of the soil was performed using the GC-MS method. Metabolic profiling of soil samples from the chrono-series of the Maluksinsky quarry was carried out. Amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids of the Krebs cycle, polyols, sugars, sterols, diterpenes, and phenolic compounds were identified in the metabolic profile. The results showed the samples significantly differ in the content of low molecular weight organic substances. The greatest structural diversity of small molecules was found in samples from the upper horizon. Molecular diversity was achieved mainly due to the secondary plant metabolites are likely to leach out of the litter and higher plants. The profiles of the underlying horizons are more similar. In the sand dumps, the amount of organic matter was very low and the metabolic profiles of all horizons differed little. The obtained results expand the understanding of the biochemical composition of the soil, contribute to the understanding of the processes of pedogenesis and the structure of the metabolite network of soils.  

Non-ribosomally synthesized metabolites and the genetic mechanisms of their synthesis in the implementation of the fungicidal effect of Bacillus and Paenibacillus bacteria (review) Pathogenic fungi that cause damage to agricultural crops pose a serious threat to the agricultural industry. The development of biological products based on bacteria - natural antagonists of fungi is the most environmentally safe strategy to withstand it. The purpose of this review was to systematize the existing data on bacteria antagonistic to pathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium and the mechanisms for this antagonism’s implementation. The review lists the main mechanisms, as well as a number of genes responsible for these mechanisms. These genes can be an important element in the development of a genetic screening system for strains that are effective antagonists of pathogenic fungi.

Comparative ability to adapt vines on the Lower Don Eng: Comparative ability to adapt vines on the Lower Don Maltseva A.N. Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract: Despite the blackberry widespread in the World, this crop in Russia is not paid enough attention. Industrial cultivation of blackberry is absent. During the last 15 years were published the results of a few studies. For the production of canned blackberries in sugar, Donconserv at Rostov-on-Don city use blackberries of imported raw materials (Poland or China). Therefore, the blackberries in our country can be attributed as underutilized crops. The steppe arid zone, in which the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University is located, characterized by a combination of heat excess with a relative lack of moisture. Since blackberry is liana, it was interesting to study several species of lianas and their ability to adapt to this climate. To the investigation were taken species: Rubus сanadensis L., Aktinidia argutaPlanch. Ex Mig. and Parthenociccus quinquefolia (L). Planch.  

Diagnosis and nomenclature floodplains soils in ecology-genetic and substantively-genetic classification and on the common State Register of soil resources of Russia When diagnosing and soil nomenclature River floodplain associated ecological-genetic classification, substantively-genetic classification and the unified State registry of soil resources of Russia. Studies were conducted on the ecosystem, located on the right bank of the plot of the floodplain of the middle reaches of the River Desna. The plot includes 12 floodplain environmental subsystems of different order. Results of the field studies allow, after receiving additional analytical data and conduct relevant discussions initiate a clarification on a number of issues of classification, diagnosis and nomenclature floodplains soils. At the present stage, it is advisable to use the Unified State Register of Soil Resources of Russia for soil surveys of floodplains.  

The balance of humus in crop rotations with short rotation on erosion-prone slopes Gaevaya Emma Аnatolievna State scientific institution Don Research Institute of Agriculture  Abstract: The purpose of this work is to study the balance of humus and its reproduction in crop rotations with different content in the structure of the acreage of pure fallow and perennial grasses on the slopes of the Rostov region. Studies were conducted in multifactor stationary experiment, located on the side of the beam Large Log in 2003-2017 years. Experiment was laid in 1986 in the system of contour-landscape organization of the territory of the slope with suppress of 3.5-4°. The soil of experimental plot – the ordinary heavy on loess-like loam. The initial content of humus in the soil at the laying of experiment was 3.80-3.83%. I was studied three crop rotations with different percentages of black allow and perennial grasses in the structure of crops rotations. The article presents data of the post-harvest residues amount and nitrogen entering the soil after different crops. The average values of root and crop residues catering in the soil for a hectare of crop rotation area are presented. The balance of humus is calculated when different doses of fertilizers are applying. The role of balk follow and perennial grasses in maintaining the deficit-free balance of humus was studied. It was shown that to achieve a deficit-free humus balance at the ordinary chernozems in crop rotations, located on erosion-prone slopes of the Rostov region, it is necessary to add organic fertilizer in a dose of 100 kg/ha considering the flushing of the soil. Expanded reproduction of soil fertility is possible if you add organic and mineral fertilizers in a dose of 162 kg/ha and crop rotation with 40 % of perennial grasses.

The influence of the groundwater level regime on the biological productivity of wood species in the forest bands of the Stone Steppe The influence of the groundwater level regime on the biological productivity of wood species in the forest bands of the Stone Steppe CheverdinYurii I.1, Akhtyamov Alexander G.2,Sautkina Marina Yu.3, 1V.V. Dokuchaev Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central-Chernozem zone, Voronezh, Russia 2Stony Steppe experimental forestry, Voronezh, Russia 3All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Voronezh, Russia Abstract: Studies conducted in Dokuchaevsk agroforestry complex. The soil cover is characterized by a significant diversity and the nature of moisture. In this regard, the aim of the research was to assess the formation of forest stand depending on soil moisture. The materials of the carried out taxations of forest strips during the last century were used. For all test sites, a detailed analysis of the species composition, number of trees and growth parameters of the middle tree of the first tier is given. The average volume of wood supply stem wood per 1 ha was calculated on a single table "Forest of the subsidiary books." The processes of growth and development of tree crops in old-age plantations are shown. The features of the forest biological processes occurring in the protective forest plantations created by the foresters of the special expedition of prof. The influence of the regime of groundwater level on the growth parameters of the tree stand components. The dependence of growth and development of tree species on the distance from the main underground flow has been revealed on the basis of the materials of the forest strip inventory. On the formation of stands in different conditions, soil moisture has more influence than the proportion of oak in planting schemes of mixing. Analysis of the composition of the first tier stands shows that over the past 70 years on the Central segment of the formula composition of the stand 6D, 2Яо, 1Яп, 1V+Ko. Forest inventory in 1936 (age 41) it was 6D,2Яп,1Яо,1V. Formula of woody composition has changed slightly.  

To the future without poliomyelitis: the state of the epidemic, vaccination issues (review) Belova Olga Evgenevna FBRI SRC VB «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk reg., Russia   Abstract:  Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus. It invades the nervous system, and can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours. Among those paralysed, 5% to 10% die when their breathing muscles become immobilized.The review analyzes the epidemiological situation of poliomyelitis in the world, describes the progress and risks associated with vaccine-derived polioviruses, the existing immunization tactics and the prospects for creating new safe and effective vaccines - genetically stable oral polio vaccine and available inactivated polio vaccine, innovative vaccine delivery and administration technologies, Studies conducted in this direction. The importance of detecting and terminating transmission of poliovirus, improving epidemiological surveillance and response to outbreaks, planning for efforts to ensure a poliomyelitis-free world after poliovirus elimination, including poliovirus containers, population protection, detection and response to sudden, recurrent outbreaks of poliomyelitis, is underlined.  

Comparison of Supervised Classification Techniques and Gaussian Mixture Distribution Method for Estimating Land Use Type on the Landsat 7 Satellite Data The applications of remote sensing on the land cover classification are very important for lands planning. . For this purpose multispectral satellite data uses in agricultural areas due to practically in large-scale. Many of the studies have been carried out with supervised classification based on pixel function. However, it is not possible to determine what kind of uses are in the land where the natural pattern distribution is unknown. For this reason, some statistical approaches and conditional algorithms are trying in the classification. The most common of these is Gaussian mixture distribution analysis (GMD). Mixture distribution analysis is multivariate statistical methods that deal with the separation of objects or different clusters of observations and the re-organization of pre-defined groups. This study was conducted for classification of sugar beet and wheat with grassland by using SC and GMD on the Landsat 7 ETM+ data in 1850 ha areas of Konya region and the spatial ranges were compared with the location realities. The result of calculations has shown the SC estimated sugar beet, wheat and grassland with accuracy coefficients at 0.88, 0.90, 0.83, respectively. On the other hand, GMD predicted with accuracy coefficients at 0.94 for sugar beet, 0.96 for wheat and 0.92 for grassland. As a result, GMD can be used with high accuracy in the detection of different land cover types in unknown lands. However, similar studies should be performed on different types of land cover for creation of spectral libraries, thus GMD could determine all of the land cover types.

Influence of herbicides on the productivity of maize in the conditions of ordinary chernozems in the Rostov Region Eng. Influence of herbicides on the productivity of maize in the conditions of ordinary chernozems in the Rostov Region  Grinko A.V., Polienko E.A. Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center, Rassvet, grinko82@mail.ru  Abstract. One of the most important ways to increase the yield of corn is to control weed vegetation using chemical protection preparations. It is necessary to assess the level of harmfulness and selection of herbicide. The preparation should correspond to the floral composition of the weeds. In the Rostov region in many cases, the use of herbicidal preparations in the form of tank mixtures is optimal, therefore 6 variants of herbicides from different chemical classes were chosen as the objects of the study. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of combined herbicidal preparations containing several active substances is most effective. This allows to significantly expand the range of action of herbicides and increase their efficiency and payback.  

Agrochemical characteristics of mining-heap complexes with various substrata Agrochemical characteristics of mining-heap complexes with various substrata Dmitrakova Y.A., Abakumov E.V. Saint-Petersburg State University Russia, dmitrakovay.a@gmail.com Abstract: With the aim to evaluate of key agrochemical soil characteristics 8 mining-heap complexes were investigated on example of mines for exploitation building materials.  The study sites were located in Leningrad, Novgorod and Tula regions. Objects are presented by 3 limestones, 3 sandy-gravel, 1 phosphorite and 1 fireproof clays mines. All the quarries were presented by maximal diverse ecotopes, where soil pits were created and sampling were conducted.  Soil acidity, total organic carbon and available forms of phosphorous, potassium, ammonia and nitrates were determined in the lab. Data obtained showed that content of nutrients variates within the soil profile depth and this fact illustrate unhomogenety of substrata on heaps. All the ground characteristics are favorable for vegetation development. The only exception was fixed for soil on the pyrite containing ground with extremely acid reaction.  The nutrients content and pH values were strongly affected by relief and reclamation technology, at least it was more pronounced than type of parent material. Despite on popular opinion that substrate of mines are usually poor in terms of nutriens content, in our study their content was comparable or even higher that in natural soils.    

Air masses and pollution transport to some Northern regions of European Russia were studied with trajectory statistics. We used EMEP data on lead and cadmium emissions to the atmosphere from Europe in 2010-2014. This dataset is most suitable for current investigation aiming to separate the contributions to pollution of the Northern Russia environment from sources of European part of Russia (1) and from the rest European territories (2). In some years at some points contributions (2) may be sizable (up to 50% and more), but as a whole the North of European Russia is polluted by the own Russian anthropogenic sources. As calculated, spatial, seasonal, and interannual variations in environmental pollution may be as high as 10 times and more. Spatial variations are determined by different distances between investigation points and the main sources of pollutants. Seasonal variations in air concentrations depend on the difference in deposition velocities for different seasons. Interannual variations in pollution level in Northern regions are caused by diversity of atmospheric circulation pattern, and (in less degree) by emission differences from year to year.

The content of mortmass and biodynamics of arable soil under conditions of real agrotechnology in Siberia Eng. The content of mortmass and biodynamics of arable soil under conditions of real agrotechnology in Siberia Danilova A.A.Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Novosibirsk oblast. Krasnoobsk, a/b 356Danilova7alb@yandex.ru Abstract:We reviewed the literature data and the results of our own research in order to show the dependence of the ecologically significant biological properties of the soil on the content of the mortmass. The transfer of virgin soil to arable land leads to the mineralization of mobile organic matter stocks. In the long-term arable soil, all properties, including biological ones, stabilize at a lower level in comparison to the virgin soil. The use of fertilizers for plant nutrition can increase the total soil organic carbon content by only 0.1-0.2%. But the increase of mortmass carbon content can be more significant. Consequently, we have the opportunity to influence the biodynamics of the soil by changing of plant residues amount in the soil. In conditions of 4 grain-crop rotations, the influence of 4 doses of stubble wheat residues (2,2; 6,5; 7,2; 9,5 t/ha in year) on soil properties was studied. In 10 years after the beginning of the observations, the amount of mortmass was accordingly equal to 400, 690, 880, 1040 mg С/kg. The indicators of the biological activity of the soil increased by about 30-50%The relationship between the biological activity indicators and the detoxification activity of the soil was not straightforward.The most optimal dose of plant residues from ecological and agrotechnological positions was a dose equal to 6,5 t / ha, which provided detoxification of pesticides within the current growing season. Thus, there is the posibility to optimize the ecotoxicological situation in the arable soil at the expense of the agrocenosis's own resources.

Diurnal changes of weight and fat reserves in the Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus, Aves) during winter period Eng. Diurnal changes of weight and fat reserves in the Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus, Aves) during winter period Gavrilov Vadim V. S.N. Skadovsky Zvenigorod Biological Station, Biology department of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,119991 Moscow, Russia; vadimgavrilov@yandex.ru Research was carried out in 1999 - 2018 at Zvenigorod Biological Station (the Moscow Region, Russia, 55o44' N, 36o51' E). Birds were caught by mist-nets. All the birds were banded, fat reserves and weight were determined and then birds were released. In total 58 Eurasian blue tit were caught. The daily rhythm of body weight of Eurasian blue tits can be divided into two periods: from 8 to 13 hours and from 13 to 19 hours. The body weight in the second half of the day - from 13 to 19 hours - is significantly higher than at other times. At night, the body weight of birds decreases. Fat reserves of Eurasian blue tits are maximal at the end of the day, with the last evening hours practically unchanged. Between 16 and 19 hours fat reserves are higher than at other times. Fat reserves decrease throughout the night and continue to decrease in the morning, reaching a minimum at 12 hours, after which they increase.

New information on the genetic differentiation of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882. Eng.  New information on the genetic differentiation of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882. Maltsev A.N. ¹, Stakheev V.V. 2, Bogdanov A.S.3, Panasyuk N.V. 2, Kotenkova E.V. ¹ ¹Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia;aleks.maltcev@gmail.com ²Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia ³Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Abstract: New results on phylogenetics and phylogeny of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882 were obtained. The eastern boundary of this species is  traced in Russia through the territories of the Kursk, Belgorod and Rostov regions. The objectives of the study: assessment of genetic variability and analysis of phylogenetic relationships between the populations of the mound-building mice in the eastern part of the range, which was insufficiently studied in this respect. As a result of phylogenetic analysis, we found that there are two phylogroups of mound-building mice - eastern and western. The first includes individuals of M. spicilegus from the eastern part of the range (Moldova, Crimea, Rostov Region), the second one – animals from central and southern Europe (Austria, Montenegro, Serbia, Greece). Earlier, subspecies of mound-building mice in southern Europe was identified – M. s. adriaticus. On the phylogenetic tree in our work, this subspecies is allocated to a separate phylogroup. The first phylogroup is ancestral from the Balkan Peninsula, which has a higher genetic diversity, the second one located in the eastern part of the range, characterized by low genetic variability.

Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus and C.rutilus) reaction to house mouse odor in large enclosures Eng.  Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus and C.rutilus) reaction to house mouse odor in large enclosures Osipova Olga V. 1, Kozhukhantseva Ekaterina A. 2, Kotenkova Elena V. 1 1A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russia Abstract: House mice have got hard odor which seems to protect their territory from the other rodent species. Peculiarities of bank and red voles’ reaction to house mouse odor put upon traps were studied. Visual observations of voles’ behavior near traps with and without mouse odor were conducted in large (120 sq. m) enclosures where voles lived in groups. Species, sex and social status was found to be significant for the type of the reaction. Voles of both species with high social ranks got into the traps with equal frequency and stayed there for equal time. Bank vole males with low social rank avoided traps with the odor. By contrast red vole females preferred to stay in these traps.         

To the knowledge of some species of the genus Paederidus Mulsant & Rey, 1878 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from the Western Palaearctic Eng. To the knowledge of some species of the genus Paederidus Mulsant & Rey, 1878 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from the Western Palaearctic   Khachikov Eduard A. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia. e_hachikov@mail.ru Abstract We studied the morphology of endofallus of species Paederidus ruficollis (Fabricius, 1777), P. sanguinicollis (Motchulsky, 1860), P. punctiventris Scheerpeltz, 1957, P. rubrothoracicus (Goeze, 1777) and related forms from the Caucasus, Europe, Turkey and Algeria in this paper. This allowed is making additions to the European fauna of the genus Paederidus Mulsant & Rey, 1878: selected the new subspecies P. ruficollis carpaticus subsp. n. from the Western Ukraine. And just to clarify the species composition of the same genus in the Northern Caucasus, is including three species: Paederidus caucasicus Scheerpeltz, 1957, nom. resurr. = P. sanguinicollis (Motschulsky, 1860), syn. n.; P. punctiventris and Paederidus sp. 1, and excluded from the fauna of this region species – Paederidus ruficollis and P. rubrothoracicus.  

Sheyko Elena A.1, Sytnikov Denis M.2 1 S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy  of Vernadsky CFU, Simferopol, Russian Federation; lenasheyko@mail.ru 2 Odessa I.I Mechnikov National University, Odessa, Ukraine   Abstract: Anatomy-morphological, symbiotic and allelopathic peculiarities of four representatives of the Orchidaceae Juss., the Crimea geophyte species: Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz s. l., Dactylorhiza iberica (M. Bieb. exWilld.) Soo?, Epipactis persica (Soó) Nannf. s. l., Ophrys mammosa Desf. subsp. taurica (Aggeenko) Soo? were studied. Biochemical, physiological, microscopic methods of research and methods of statistic alanalysis were used. As a result of the conducted researches, the features of the localization of the endomycotrophic component, the dynamics of symbiotic and allelopathic relations at various stages of ontogenesis, the influence of edaphic factors on the degree of mycotrophy were revealed. It was established that in the rhizomatous orchid species the degree of mycotrophy is lower than in the fleshy root species. The dynamics of symbiotic relationships varied according to ontogenesis phases. Occurrence of the mycorrhizal infection decreases from juvenile to a generative stage in the studied species. As the degree of mycotrophy increases, the number of ovules and seeds in the capsule increases. By the means of qualitative histochemical reactions it was established that the dynamics of allelopathic interactions is due to the accumulation of lignin, pectin and phenolic compounds in the tissues of the primary cortex of the orchids` rhizome. When studying the hormonal complex of fungi associated with orchids, the ability to excrete auxins and cytokinins into the external environment was revealed. It opens the possibility of microorganisms impact on overall hormonal balance of plants, stimulating additional rooting of orchids, as well as to influence the germination of their seeds. It was defined that the reproductive strategy of the investigated species of orchids is determined by the degree of interaction with the mycorhizal fungi, the peculiarities of the growing conditions and the nature of the studied species pollination.   

Materials on moulting of Dice snake (Natrix tessellata) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Natrix) in mainland and island populations of the western coast of Middle Caspian The article presents data on a molting of the Dice snake (Natrix tessellata) on the western coast of the Middle Caspian. The sex and the age differences in the frequency of moulting and the duration of the intervals separating of them have been revealed. A general increase in molting frequency in individuals of the island population were established. Approximately at 30% of the dice snakes of continental populations on the recreationally transformed areas of the territory were marked moult violations, which were expressed a fragmented of the pull off of the skin. There was a strong positive correlation between the length of the intervals between molts and the length of the body of snakes.  

Heavy metals in soils and road dust in the Stoilo-Lebedinsky mining complex. The content of heavy metals and metalloids were investigated in iron ore, soils and road dustin surrounding the Stoilo-Lebedinsky mining complex of Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, where a lot of mining, metallurgical and other enterprises are located. It was shown that this territory is subject to aerotechnogenic pollution by a large set of chemical elements, but because of their low background content in mined iron ore and natural variation of soil composition, it is difficult to identify the technogenic impact using gross analysis. The determination of chemical elements associated with iron in Tamm extract in combination with chemical composition of road dust, is the most informative way to detect anthropogenic impact on territory, influenced by ferrous metallurgy enterprises.  

Influence of elements of cultivation technology on soybean yield on chernozems of ordinary Grinko Artem V., Kulygin Vladimir A. Don Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture, Rassvet, Russia; grinko82@mail.ru Abstract: Improvement of the elements of soybean cultivation technology for obtaining high and sustainable yields is an actual task of agricultural production. To do this, it is necessary to optimize the factors that influence the growth and development of plants, as well as use the achievements of selection. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of important elements of technology (the method of soil cultivation, levels of mineral nutrition, the rate of seeding) on the yield of soybeans in the soil-climatic conditions of the Priazovskaya zone of the Rostov Region. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Don Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture in 2014—2017. The article presents the results of research on a new variety of soybean Kazachka. The highest yield of soybean was obtained with the moldboard method of soil cultivation, high level of mineral nutrition N80P80K80 and seeding rate 0.7 million pcs / ha, it was 19.5 c / ha. The yield of soybeans for chisel soil cultivation was less by 1.2 centner / ha, or 6.1%. The best payback of 1 kg of fertilizers was obtained at the medium level of mineral nutrition (N40P40K40), regardless of the method of soil cultivation and the seeding rate, it was 3.33 kg / kg. In the conditions of a shortage of energy and mineral resources, the most effective combination of elements of soybean cultivation technology: chisel soil cultivation, medium level of mineral nutrition and seed rate of 0.7 million pcs / ha.  

Functional annotation of genes of localized on Y-chromosome оf human Annotation of genes localized on the Y-x romosome is carried out in the reference genome GRCh38.p7 located in NCBI. The Y-chromosome sequence in this assembly is 57227415 bp. The systematization of information about the functions of genes, biological processes in which their products participate, as well as their localization in cellular components is presented. It is shown that 98 protein-coding genes are localized on the Y chromosome, of which 63 genes are responsible for sex determination and spermatogenesis, 15 genes encode proteins that are part of cellular organelles, for 3 genes functions are unknown.  

Condition of Allium globosum Bieb. ex Redoute сenopopulation in specially protected natural territory «Natural boundary the Black ravine» Shmaraeva Antonina N., Shishlova Zhanna N., Kuzmenko Inna P. Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; anshmaraeva@sfedu.ru   Abstract: In 2017 for the first time has been described the Rostov region's rare species cenopopulation Allium globosum Bieb. ex Redoute in a specially protected natural territory «Natural boundary the Black ravine». This natural territory of 522,9 hectares is located in the center of White Kalitva district on the right coast of river the Northern Donets, to the south from the farm of Kakichev. The flora of «Natural boundary the Black ravine» contains more than 300 species of angiospermous plants, including 18 taxons, listed in the Red Lists of the Rostov region and Russia. Now only three cenopopulations of Allium globosum are known and all of them in the White Kalitva district; one of them is in the «Natural boundary the Black ravine». Allium globosum is a bulbous-root polycarpous, forming clones, breeds mainly seeds. Cenopopulation of Allium globosum lives on a steep slope of ravine as a part of community of transitional type from the thyme to the stony steppe. The vegetation cover of an ecotope is rarefied, created on skeletal soil, the general projective covering – 60 %. Flora of association contains more than 40 species. In community a cereal herbs (Festuca valesiaca Gaudin, Agropyron pectinatum (Bieb.) Beauv.) and petrofile grasses dominate. The area of cenopopulation is about 10000 sq. m, and its density in places of concentration is 104 specimens on 0,25 sq. m. In an age range the sprouts (46 % of total specimens number) and juvenile plants (41 %) are prevail; immature specimens make 3 %, virgin – 4 %, generative – 6 %. So, by the age structure cenopopulation belongs to normal completed and young. It is characterized by satisfactory indicators of number, density, vitality of specimens that in general provides possibility of its long stable existence.  

Herbarium named after I.V. Novopokrovsky (RV): 100 years of the herbarium collection of K.M. Zalessky Demina Olga Nikolaevna1, Rogal Lyudmila Leonidovna2 1Karachaevo-Circassian State University named after U.D. Aliyeva, Russia, 369200, ul. Lenin, KChGU. E-mail: ondemina@yandex.ru 2 Southern Federal University, Russia, 344006, Rostov-on-Don, Botanical Descent, 7. SFU   Abstract:  The work reviews the herbarium collection of K.M. Zalessky, which has been stored for 100 years in herbarium named after I.V. Novopokrovsky Department of Botany of SFedU (RV). This is about 1 thousand of the most valuable rare specimens. At the beginning of the last century, he collected materials for the knowledge of the vegetation of the Lower Don region. These works, representing an inexhaustible source of botanical knowledge about the vegetation cover of the region, were systematically studied the vegetation cover of the Lower Don basin. The scientists for the first time characterized the types of Don steppes and on the basis of the herbarium, a flora outline was compiled, comprising 328 species of plants indicating their habitats and locations. Some of the places of herbarium fees given in this paper do not already exist or they were found outside the Rostov region: the habitat of Astragalus sulcatus collected by K.M. Zalessky on the meadow on May 31, 2017, in the vicinity of the village of Esaulovskaya, which belonged to the Second Don district (now the Volgograd region), is now flooded with the waters of the Tsimlyansk reservoir; habitats Asplenium septentrionale - the species was found by the scientist on June 5, 2017 in the crevices of the Royal rocks, on the territory of Ukraine (now it is a branch of the Lugansk nature reserve). Therefore, the herbarium collection from the southwestern and southern parts of the former Don Military Region serves as an invaluable historical evidence of the natural past of the Lower Don basin. Currently, the collection of K.M. Zalessky is used both for the compilation of fundamental floristic reports and for constructing various hypotheses on the dynamics of the Don flora and vegetation. These materials are the basis for studying the biological diversity of the Don region.  

Modern problems of natural and technogenic pollution of the environment (review) One of global problems of the present is pollution of the land area and water ecosystems by harmful ingredients. Scales of ecological consequences of environmental pollution steadily grow and consequences can be catastrophic. The number of natural and technogenic catastrophes has grown for the last 100 years by 20 times. Glaciers are intensively thaw in the Arctic and Antarctic . For the last 50 years temperature in the southwest of Antarctic has grown by 2,5 °C. Among natural sources of pollution the leading place is taken by volcanoes (520 acting from 1300), 250 thousand people have died from a tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 2004, because of accident on the NPP in Fukushima (Japan) in 2011 15,5 thousand people have died. Annually in the world there are more than 200 thousand fires, in Russia their quantity has grown from 2000 to 2009 from 9 to 22%. The huge contribution in environmental pollution is brought by the enterprises, motor transport, agriculture (mineral fertilizers, pesticides, etc.). In 31 countries 192 NPPs (more than 450 power units) work, 80-90% of waste of nuclear fuel production are stored locally around nuclear power plants, and then taken out on burial in the mines located in Russia in the Urals and in the USA – in 180 km from Las Vegas. The special danger is caused by nuclear weapon and nuclear waste, space debris, solid and liquid household waste. In the Baltic Sea over 300 thousand tons of the chemical warfare agents (CWA) are buried, in the Kara Sea 17 thousand containers with radioactive waste, 16 nuclear reactors, 5 atomic submarines, etc. are based. Plastic waste has polluted the rivers, the seas and oceans. From 1901 to 2007 in the world there were 1125 largest industrial accidents, more than 6 billion tons of mineral fertilizers, 8,3 billion tons of plastic are made and applied. Studying of diverse influence of anthropogenic factors on the environment is one of the most important current issues. An ultimate goal of such research – protection and improvement of the habitat of the person.  

Methodical principles for determining the bulk density of chernozem Morozov Igor V., Vareldzhan Diana E., Borovikova Yana V., Kolesnikova Nadezhda A. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; migovad@sfedu.ru Abstract: Bulk density of soils is a fundamental physical value, wich is used in soil science to assess the relationship between solid, liquid and gaseous phases of the soil, to calculation of the total and differential porosity, stocks of substance, estimation of the degree of addition, and other agrophysical characteristic.The purpose of the research is designing of methodical principles for determining of the bulk density of chernozem. The feature of ordinary calcareous chernozem is the change in volume when moisture is varied, it was decisive when research object was choosing. Drilling and calculation methods were used to determine the soil density. Studies have shown that the dynamics of soil moisture is the reason of bulky changes in the soil, which is fixed by us in the form of parameters such as volume compaction and swelling volume. Also volume changes inevitably must be reflected in the change of the parameters of soil density. The dynamics of the bulk density when the soil moisture change is due to the phenomena of swelling and compaction exactly. At that the result of determination of soil bulk density will depend on the initial condition of soil: its moisture and, the occupied volume accordingly. The same soil can have different bulk density values - 1.2 g / cm3 and 1.8 g / cm3, respectively. These values correspond to two possible limiting status of soil as a physical body with a variable volume. We think that the available methods require a conceptual solution; when calculating the bulk density, it is proposed to take into account the dynamics of the volume of the soil, determining the interval «compaction limit of bulk density - swelling limit of bulk density».

About the formation of carbonate horizon of ordinary calcareous chernozems Morozov Igor V., Bezuglova Olga S., Minaeva Evgeniya N. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, migovad@sfedu.ru Investigations were carried out on ordinary calcareous chernozem, which is named as migrate-segregated chernozem according to the Soil Classification of Russia (2004). The genesis of calcareous horizons is significantly linked with long-term dynamics of carbonates' precipitation. According to our opinion, upper boundary and deepness of accumulation of calcareous concentrations are determined by pulsating nature of the annual sum of atmospheric precipitations and their distribution during long-term cycle. The bottom boundary of water infiltration for significant part of atmospheric precipitations during 33th year period of observations is genetically related with a part of soil profile where calcareous concentrations are formed. About 71 % of the annual sum of atmospheric precipitations is percolated to the depth from 80 to 159 cm as a result of water infiltration into soil profile. It is an evidence of the paleomorphic nature of soil horizon where water-soluble salts and gypsum are significantly accumulated at depth 210-250 cm, and the same time is a proof of the absence of link with modern chernozemic soil-forming process.

The specific of degraded pastures' formation while climate change in the Western Pricaspiy Gasanova Zarema Ulubiyevna, Zagidova Raisat Murtuzaliyevna Precaspian Institute of Biological Resources of Daghestan Scientific Center RAS, Russia, zgasanova@list.ru  Steppening of pastures in the Western Caspian has smoothed a little the natural factors of soil and vegetative cover degradation, but the problem of degradation remains relevant due to anthropogenic pressure increasing by small horned livestock overgrazing and raising the level of saline groundwater. The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of climate on the example of light chestnut and meadow saline soils and vegetation. Within the Terek-Sulak lowland the horizon A has been reduced in light chestnut and meadow solonchak soils for 50 years, the salt content in soils has increased two-three times. Long-term impact on pastoral ecosystems of natural and anthropogenic factors have led to significant changes in the indigenous meadow and meadow-steppe communities. In plant associations there is a decrease in the quantity of valuable species of fodder forage (Agropyrum). Restoration of pastures is mainly due to feather grasses having a large mass and distributional areas. In the Terek-Kuma lowland an increase in the amount of precipitation for 20 years has stimulated the optimization of light chestnut soils located on the dominant elements of the relief, in the upper 28-cm thick the salt content decreased. On degraded areas of light- and medium loamy light-chestnut soils, there is an increase of one-year-old saline groupings and ephemerals. In the cereal and wormwood associations increased the participation of feather grasses (Stipa), valuable in the fodder of Camphorosma. On eroded areas of sandy loamy chestnut soils "self-melioration" is observed: in the abandoned roads and blowing basins Salsola Kali ("roll-field") accumulates, where it breaks up, creating an anti-deflation cover. On meadow solonchak soils, the content of salts increased two to five times, the participation of one-year-old saline plant associations increased.

Soil-ecological state of technogenic landscapes of Novokuznetsk industrial complex Dvurechenskiy Vadim G., Androhanov Vladimir A. Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; dvu-vadim@mail.ru Abstract: The article reflects the features of the formation of the soil cover of technogenic ecosystems that form on various substrates. Based on the results of soil mapping, an assessment of the soil-ecological state of technogenic landscapes of the Novokuznetsk industrial complex located in the south of Western Siberia in the Kemerovo region is given. Some variants of reclamation are offered. As a result of recultivation work and natural restoration of vegetation, young soils are formed on the surface of man-made ecosystems - embriozems and technozems. The quality of such soils and coverage area characterize the soil-ecological state of the ecosystem. The soil-ecological state of the Baydayevsky coal mine is considered good, since for the last 20 years the most evolutionarily developed embryozems humus-accumulative and technozems humusogenic have been diagnosed on its surface. The soil-ecological state of the ash dumps of the Tom-Usinsky State District Power Plant and the tailing dumps of the Abagursky concentration factory is considered unsatisfactory, since for a long time (about 20 years), the development of the soil cover has stopped at the initial and organo-accumulative stage, in connection with the properties of the substrate. The physicochemical characteristics of different types of soils in man-made landscapes revealed that the most qualitative changes in physicochemical properties occurred in embryozems and technozems formed on a coal-cut dump; less qualitative - on tailing dumps and ash dumps. Therefore, it can be stated that the man-made substratum composing ash dumps and tailings is less suitable for carrying out biological recultivation. Without the recultivation works of the land reclamation plan aimed at creating an artificial root layer, these facilities will have a negative impact on the ecological situation in the area of ??their location for a long time.

MicroRNA: markers of male infertility. The molecular basis of dysfunction and pathogenesis of male reproductive system are not fully known at the moment, but the results of several researches revealed that microRNAs play an important roles in precise regulation of post-transcriptional processes in spermatogenesis. It is involved in immune reactions, thermal and oxidative stress responses, it directs effects on proliferation and differentiation, chromatin compactification, apoptosis, affects the synthesis of functionally important proteins in the metabolism of spermatozoa, the synthesis of proteins involved in sperm motility, et cetera. All these facts are sufficiently confirm that differentially expressed in normal and pathological processes of sperm production  microRNAs can be used as reliable markers for different variants of patospermia. Considering that the spermatogenesis disturbance is one of the most significant cause  of male infertility, identification of specific microRNAs and studying of its regulatory mechanisms are very important for the formation of through understanding of the problem of male infertility and for the development of therapeutic methods. So, the main purpose of this article is compilation a literature review over the past six years on the topic of altered expression of microRNAs in seminal plasma, testicular tissue in several types of spermathogenesis abnormalities. In generally, analysis of the literature sources has shown that miR-15, miR-126, miR-449, miR-514, miR-517, miR-1260 are down-regulated and miR-99, miR-141, miR-193, miR-373, miR-429 are up-regulated in various pathologies of spermatogenesis. Expression profiling of the following microRNAs in various pathologies of spermatogenesis have also been repeatedly noted by researchers, but the concentration of each of them could be increased and decreased depending on the type of pathospermia: miR-16, miR-19, miR-26, miR-29, miR-30, miR-34, miR-122, miR-125, miR-181, miR-374, miR-509, miR-574.    

Model operation of efficiency of crop rotations in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia Alternation of crops, will remain a fundamental element of zonal technologies of their cultivation for a long time. Application of methods of mathematical model operation will allow to come to new level in the solution of the questions of effective use of an arable land, through application of models optimizing it. Results of researches which basis data of long-term observations are will be especially valuable. They used data of the long-lived stationary experiments on studying of alternation of crops in crop rotations of last more than five rotation. Stationary experiences are located in a forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia on the fields FGBNU "SIBNIISKH". The purpose of researches consisted in optimization of use of an arable land at application of methods of mathematical model operation for preservation of soil fertility. The model allowing when performing particular conditions is given in work (balance of a humus, work expense, a metabolic cost, etc.) to optimize use of an arable land against the background of preservation of soil fertility of the soil, receiving production, economic and power efficiency. It is shown that at alternation of grain crops with clear steam, formation of a harvest happens due to natural fertility of the soil what the negative balance of a humus which reaches 0,18 – 0,78 tons from hectare testifies to. At alternation of field cultures without clear steam the harvest was formed against the background of reproduction of organic matter of the soil, due to increase in vegetable oddments from use of fertilizers, the balance of a humus was positive – 0,15 – 0,28 tons from hectare. Use along with clear steam, busy steam, colza on green fertilizer, and also straw as organic fertilizer for grain crops, 2,01 tons from hectare of commodity grain were received, at a share of clear steam – 16,8%, busy steam – 11%, summer grain – 72,2% of arable land. Increasing in crop rotations of Zapadnoy Sibiri Square with use as organic fertilizer of straw, busy vapors and green udbreniye, it is possible to achieve reproduction of fertility of the soil with some decrease in an exit of commodity grain to 2 tons from hectare.    

Effect of Combined Magnetic Fields with Very Weak Alternating Component on Duration of Pupal Metamorphosis Stage in Mealworm Beetle Tenebrio molitor It is shown that an exposure of pupae of the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor to the combined static (42 µT) and very weak extremely low-frequency alternating collinear magnetic fields exerts different influence, depending on the frequency of the alternating magnetic field (AMF), on duration of metamorphosis processes in these insects. For instance, a no less than 8 hour-exposure of young pupae to weak combined magnetic fields, adjusted to the frequency of ion cyclotron resonance for Ca2+ (32.2 Hz) at the AMF of 100 and 250 nT, inhibits metamorphosis process – a transitional stage from pupae to imago lasts longer. In contrast, a stimulating effect was observed when adjusted to cyclotron frequency for ion of glutaminic acid (4.4 Hz) at the amplitudes of 40, 100 and 250 nT. At the weaker amplitudes of the AMF this effect is not seen. For instance, an exposure at a frequency of 4.4 Hz, the amplitude of AMF 6, 16 nT and at a frequency of 32.2 Hz, the amplitude of AMF 6, 16 and 40 nT exerts no noticeable effect on the duration of the pupal metamorphosis stage.

Poliomyelitis: on the way to eradication In the pre-vaccine era, poliovirus was the main cause of disability in children. Today, the endemic transmission of poliovirus occurs in some areas of only three countries - Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria, the number of polio cases has declined by more than 99 %. Of the three strains of wild poliovirus, only Type 1 continues to be detected. But the risks associated with unprotected low-level transmissions remain, which threatens the return of poliomyelitis epidemics in these countries and the spread of the virus to other countries in which poliomyelitis has been eradicated.The aim of this work is to analyze the state of the epidemic of poliomyelitis in Russia and in the world, the progress made in interrupting transmission of poliovirus and preventing outbreaks of circulating poliovirus vaccine origin (cVDPV); a review of the existing poliomyelitis vaccines and researches in this area (including the development of vaccines that do not contain live virus), vaccination problems in the final phase of elimination.The article highlights the importance of monitoring the maintenance of immunization coverage rates for children in decreed ages, the detection of type 2 polioviruses (wild, vaccine-bearing or vaccine-derived (Sabin strain) after a global transition from trivalent oral polio vaccine to bivalent OPV, discontinuation of oral poliomyelitis vaccine to eliminate rare long-term risks of the appearance of cVDPV and other measures to prevent the occurrence of cases of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis; a growing role for the environmental surveillance system; the need to continue fundamental research on poliovirus as a model system of other similar viruses that pose a threat to health.    

The relationship the biochemical composition of artificial nutrient media, morphological and physiological indicators of larvae great wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.) The article presents the research to explore the relationship of biochemical composition of the studied artificial nutrient media and morphological, physiological indicators of larvae of Galleria mellonella. To explore this issue was taken up widely used artificial nutrient media. This artificial nutrient media includes such ingredients as flour, dry milk, brewer's yeast, honey, glycerin, bran, beeswax, water. Material studies are the greater wax moth larvae (Galleria mellonella L.) and artificial nutrient media, which prepared according to the recipes of different authors. Statistical analysis showed that the significant relationship of the studied biochemical and morphological indicators. Calculation of correlation of the analyzed indicators have revealed a strong positive correlation between the content of initial moisture in the larvae and their survival (+0,80). The maximum initial moisture in the larvae observed in the experimental group according to the recipe of V. Ya. Ismailov and others № 1 of 68,05 %, while the survival rate in this group was 84,17 % by 11,44% above the control. Also the average negative correlation was revealed between ash content and mass of larvae (-0,66). In addition, the average direct correlation was revealed of the content of crude protein in the feed and crude protein in larvae (+0,64). Noted that the initial moisture of larvae and crude fat in the artificial nutrient media has a reverse correlation – -0,71. Thus, the artificial nutrient medium, balanced in protein, fat and carbohydrates, significantly increases the biological capacity of the insect. Recipe of Russian scientists E. M. Shagov, I. G. Ulanova, E. M. Aslanyan  [7] is selected from considered artificial nutrient media on a number of morphological and physiological indicators.

The involvement of microsatellite AGC in population-genetic differentiation of cattle for resistance to infection by the virus of bovine leukemia Glazko V.I. 1,2, Kosovsky G. Yu. 2, Tagmazian A.A. 2, Glazko V.I. 1,2, 1Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow agricultural Academy (MTAA) named after K.A. Timiryazev, Russian Federation Timiryazevskaya Str., 49, Moscow 127550 2Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Center of Experimental Embryology and Reproductive Biotechnologies, 127422 Russian Federation, Moscow, Kostyakova str., 12, bld.4. Abstract:  The comparative analysis of the genetic structures of cattle groups that differ in bovine leucosis virus (BLV) infection, according to polymorphism of different lengths DNA fragments flanked by microsatellite inverted repeats (GAG)6C, (AG)9C, (AGC)6G (ISSR-PCR markers) was carried out. The animals were divided into three groups - free from infection (REID-BLV-) and two groups of infected ones: bearing antibodies to viral proteins and cell clones with insertions in genomic DNA of proviruses DNA BLV (RID+BLV+) and carriers of antibodies to viral proteins, but no cell clones with proviruses DNA BLV insertions (RID+BLV-). Identified involvement in intergroup differentiation of genomic DNA fragments of different lengths flanked by inverted repeat sequences of microsatellite (AGC)6G, which, according to the literature, is closely associated with retrotransposons. Genetic distances estimated according to such fragments, were almost two times more between groups of RID-BLV- and RID+BLV+, compared to the differences between the RID-BLV- and RID+BLV-. The involvement in population-genetic differentiation of cattle for resistance to BLV infection the mechanisms of intracellular protection from retrotransposition were discussed.   

Sod soils with groundwater and surface moisture of the Republic of Belarus (general characteristics and distinctive featur Pirogovskaya Galina Vladimirovna Abstract. The article describes the sod  soils of groundwater and surface moisture in Belarus based on the catenary genetic research and the results of the study of their properties, including studies after long drying. Comparative data on their morphological characteristics, physical and chemical properties, and the content of the absolute total reserves of moisture, organic matter, clay fraction and physical clay in layers of soil 0-20 cm, 0-50 and 0-100 cm, the bulk composition of the clay fraction are presented. It is shown that in sod soils with groundwater moisture the degree of chemical differentiation is reduced with an increase in moisture level, ie, profiles of sod temporarily excessively wetted soil and soils with partial gley features are differentiated chemically significantly stronger than sod-gley soils. Conversely, in the swampy sod soil with surface moisture degree of chemical differentiation grows with an increase in the hydration, that is, the profile of sod-gley soils is differentiated significantly stronger than that of temporarily excessively wetted soils and soils with partial gley features. Drainage of  all waterlogged sod soils is accompanied by a decrease of humus content, a change in its qualitative composition, the latter is particularly noticeable in the soils with groundwater soil moisture. This is due to the fact that the drainage of the sod soil with groundwater soil moisture causes irreversible changes in the general direction of the soil-forming process - the development of podzol. When draining sod soils with surface moisture there is an enhanced lessivage, while the soils stay amenable to cultivation and are recommended for use in intensive crop rotations.

Changes of Organic Carbon Pools in the Southern Taiga and Forest-Steppe of European Russia during the Historical Period Chernova Olga Vladimirovna, Ryzhova Irina Mikhaylovna, Podvezennaya Marina Aleksandrovna Abstract: Regional estimates of changes of organic carbon pools for Kostroma oblast (southern taiga) and Kursk oblast (forest-steppe) during the historical period were discussed. Actual and potential carbon pools in the phytomass and the 100-cm soil layer were calculated on a single map-based, with due account for the classification position of particular soils, their texture,  the character and age structure of forest stands, and land use patterns were taken into account. It was shown that the modern total organic carbon pool of Kostroma oblast by almost 25% below its potential; for the Kursk oblast this difference more than 30%. Soil organic сarbon pool of Kostroma region hasn't changed, a phytomass сarbon pool decreased by 40% due to the active use of forest resources. The high degree of plowing in Kursk region and almost complete reduction of woody vegetation led to a significant reduction in carbon pools of phytomass (75%) and soil (by 23-27%).

Fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.) from the Rostov region in herbarium collections in Russia O.N. Demina, L.L. Rogal, M.A. Abacharaeva Abstract. The paper provides an overview of the accumulated data and a brief history of the use of the fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium) in connection with its assumed harvesting. in Rostov region it is considered to be a rare species, listed in the regional Red Book, but in the adjacent areas the fireweed has no legal protection status. The above said served as the  basis for the study of herbarium collections that are stored in the country's largest herbariums. The obtained data allow us to determine its location in the basin of the Lower Don (basin of the river Glubokaja) and undertake measures aimed at the  protection of C. angustifolium in the Rostov region.

The content and distribution of heavy metals in gray forest soil and the specificity of their receipt in plants Konarbaeva Galina A., Yakimenko Vladimir N. Institute of soil science and agrochemistry Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; konarbaeva@issa.nsc.ru Content and distribution of heavy metals in grey forest soil and specificity of their intake by plants Summary: The content and distribution of copper, cobalt and zinc were studied in the system plant – soil of long-term trial established at grey forest soil in the forest steppe belt of Western Siberia. The mineral fertilizers (nitrogenous, phosphoric and potassic) which were yearly applied in the agrocenosis in the course of a quarter of century served as a permanent source of heavy metals (HM). The conducted studies showed that optimization on of mineral nutrition of plants not only ensured of full value productional process but also reduced the content of HM in soil and plants. More over, the conducted studies confirmed general regularity of limitation of HM entry into reproductive and storage organs (seeds, fruits, tubers) and their heightened accumulation in generative organs (leaves, stems). Long-term use of scientifically grounded doses of fertilizers did not lead to accumulation of HM in soil and plants in meaningful amounts as concerns of active sanitary and hygienic guidelines. At the same time, contemporary level of chemicalization of farming requires the monitoring of HM under study in order to reveal their excess and lack.

Yao Mu, Xinzhi Mu Fossil energy is the product of a series of complex chemical reactions inside the earth under high temperature and pressure that occur over a long period of geological time. The production of fossil energy requires a tremendous heat source. Although the majority of coal, oil and gas exist in sedimentary basins with rich geothermal resources, a “sea of oil” or “sea of gas” does not occur within the crust. Petroleum, natural gas, shale gas, etc. exist underground in a huge “capillary network” that consists of rock pores, cracks, caves, faults and sand. Cracks and faults may be entirely within the crust. Deposits of fossil energy only cover a small portion of the earth’s surface, and the maximum depth of human mining is only 5 kilometers. Petroleum, natural gas and shale gas seal these pores, cracks, faults and sand beds, effectively preventing excessive leakage of terrestrial heat flow. The enormous pressure formed by petroleum, natural gas and shale gas within the crust oppose the earth’s interior thermal pressure, achieving a dynamic balance. Once petroleum, natural gas and shale gas have been mined, the earth’s interior terrestrial heat flow follows the capillary network because of the loss of thermal insulation and heat-sealants and eventually reaches the surface, causing the crust underlying the surface to “fever” and triggering ecological and geological disasters. Huge amounts of extreme dispersed heat force the water vapor, CO2, CH4 and other gases from the crust into the atmosphere and oceans, which disrupts the atmospheric energy balance and causes climate change and meteorological disasters. With increasing sea temperatures, air humidity has also increased, which has produced the strongest recorded typhoons, hurricanes and tropical cyclones, as well as the strongest recorded local rainfall, snow, drought, winter and cold conditions. These conditions are expected to become more frequent, with the weather becoming more extreme and violent. Global climate will long-term warming if energy mining does not stop.

The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene (FSHR) polymorphisms and hormon levels in women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment This study was performed to investigate the association between FSH receptor (FSHR) gene polymorphism at position 680 and the number of dominant follicles, also the FSH and LH levels before controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and after it. One hundred patients from 24 to 42 who underwent IVF-ET procedures were included in this study. Three groups were formed: patients with normal ovary response, patients with ovary hyperstimulation and patients with poor ovary response. The FSHR polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The FSHR genotype distribution in patients with normal ovary response was 45,3%  for AA, 39,6% for AG and  15,1% for GG. There was no difference among the three genotype groups. The basal levels of FSH and levels after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation were significantly higher in patients with poor ovary response. LH levels after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation were significantly lower in patients with normal ovary response. The basal levels of AMH were significantly higher in patients with ovary hyperstimulation.

Finding a new species of snowdrop (Galanthus platyphyllus Traub et Moldenke) for the flora of Karachay-Cherkessia The endemic Caucasian snowdrop flat-leaved (Galanthus platyphyllus Traub et Moldenke, 1947) is a rare species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and a number of regional ones. It has a limited area, part of which is located on the territory of Russia. In the Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory, the species is listed with a category and status as "Vulnerable" - 2, a locally encountered Transcaucasian endemic species with a shrinking population, where it is threatened with final destruction; is also included in the Red Book of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, where the state of its population due to the inaccessibility of habitats is not of particular concern. G. platyphyllus is included in the Conventionon International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES, Appendix II) (2006). On the territory of the KCR, until now, it was reliably known of the growth of only the alpine snowdrop – G. alpinus Sosn., collected in the vicinities of the village of Asiatsky, in a moist beech forest, on the slope of the northwestern exposition in the valley of the river B. Laba. The location of G. platyphyllus was previously unknown and is given for the first time. The location of G. platyphyllus was found in a moist forest, in the valley of the river B. Laba, on the right bank, 6 km to the south from the village of Asiatsky settlement, 902 m above sea level. Sea, April 5, 2017. Flowering was recorded in early April.

The effects of humic fertilizers and preparations on soil fertility Bezuglova Olga S., Polienko Elena A., Gorovtsov Andrey V., Lyhman Vladimir A., Pavlov Petr D. Abstract.  One of the components of biological agriculture is the use of humic fertilizers and preparations, which, unlike chemical fertilizers, may serve as catalysts of biochemical processes in the soil, due to their stimulating effect on soil microorganisms. The paper presents the results of production experiments with humic substances BIO-Don on chernozem ordinary carbonate. Agricultural crops: winter wheat, sunflower, sugar beet. It has been shown that BIO-Don has a positive impact on the dynamics of the mineral nutrients when applied into the soil, and in the topical treatment of vegetative plants. When the mineral nutrients are limited, an increased removal of them from the soil is observed due to the activation of microflora in the root zone. One of the reasons for the positive effect of humic substances on plants is their ability to adjust the content of available forms of mineral nutrients, and as a consequence – to increase the crop yields. The article is prepared on the basis of the plenary report on the second international conference "Problems and prospects of biological farming", held on-line on November 27, 2016.

The effect of humic substances on microbial activity of the soil under fruit trees Gorovtsov Andrey V.,  Bezuglova Olga S., Polienko Elena A., Popov Artem E. Abstract The use of humic preparations for the treatment of fruit trees is one of the most poorly studied aspects of the application of this group of plant stimulators. There is especially little knowledge about the processes occurring in the soil, and virtually no data on the response of soil microbial communities in the root zone to such kind of treatment. The paper presents the data of microbiological analysis of soil under the mature fruit trees (apple, cherry) and young trees in the nursery (cherry, plum) after the treatment with  humic preparation BIO-Don. It has been shown that treatment of fruit trees with humic substances resulted in the activation of many groups of bacteria in the soil under the plants. The most pronounced reaction was observed for oligotrophic and aminoheterotrophic bacteria, a weaker response for reacted aminoautotrophic bacteria, and almost no reaction was noted for oligonitrophilic bacteria, actinomycetes and soil fungi. However, the observed changes in the dynamics of mineral nutrients suggest that the activation of the soil bacteria contributes significantly to the obtained yield increase. The article is prepared on the basis of the plenary report on the second international conference "Problems and prospects of biological farming", held on-line on November 27, 2016.

The effect of humic preparation "BIO-Don" on the balance of mineral nutrients in ordinary chernozem and quality of fruits and vegetables Polienko Elena A., Bezuglova Olga S., Gorbov Sergej N., Dubinina Marina N., Popov Artem E. Abstract: The treatment of garlic and beet plants with humic preparation "BIO-Don" in production environment provided an increase in the mass of bulbs and root-crops by an average of 13-20%, and an increase in diameter by 8%. At the same time an increase in the removal of nutrients from the soil by plants treated with humic substances was noted. The application of humic substances for the treatment of fruit crops by the combination of methods (soil application in drip irrigation and topical treatment) has also led to an increase in the removal of nutrients from the soil: nitrogen and phosphorus  in the spring, and potassium during the second half of the summer. This was accompanied by improvements in the quality of products: a significant increase in the mass fraction of soluble solids (up to 15% relative to control) and titratable acidity (up to 21% of control) in the fruits of cherry and apple trees. The yield of apples was increased by more than 17%. The article is prepared on the basis of the plenary report on the second international conference "Problems and prospects of biological farming", held on-line on November 27, 2016.

Application of commercial humic products in Russian Federation: results of field trials (a review) Yakimenko Olga Sergeevna Abstract: In this paper data on field trials on application of commercial humic products for agricultural crop production are critically reviewed.

Remediation of urban soils using humic products Stepanov Andrey Anatolievich, Yakimenko Olga Sergeevna Abstract: A potential to remediate polluted urban soil was evaluated for commercial humic products in two sets of experiments.  Four brands of humic products – two from peat and two from coal – have been tested in a field experiment on lawns along the highways of Moscow and in plot trials. It is shown that humic products are capable to mitigate the toxic effects of pollutants and maintain plant resistance to stress. Basing on results of research the effective rates of humic products application for remediation of polluted urban soils are suggested.

The efficacy of humic products on cereal crops in Northern Urals Fedotova Olga Vladimirovna, Grekhova Iraida Vladimirovna Abstract: Foliar treatment by humate preparations Rostok and NOR positive effect on the structure of cereal crops, increasing the number of productive stems and grain number in ear and grain weight of the ear. Significantly increased the yield of wheat and oats for 3-11 kg/ha, and the increase in number of treatment significant impact has not had. In the grain of spring wheat variety Novosibirskaya 31 gluten content in the application of humic substances increased by 2,1 and 4,8%. In the flowering stage foliar treatment reduced ear grain content and mass fraction of gluten in comparison with the processing in the milk stage. Significant differences between humic preparations Rostok and NOR is not installed.

Reaction of potato varieties to method of application of a humic preparation Rostok Humic preparation Rostok – a natural regulator of growth and development of plants. Apply sprout on potatoes is possible for the processing of tubers before planting and of plants during vegetation. Processing of tubers and potato plants with a solution of Rostok had no significant effect on the number of tubers in the nest of the studied varieties. The Rostock preparation significantly influenced the weight of marketable tubers of all varieties. The increase in average over three years compared to the control was 16-81 %. To a greater extent varieties responded to foliar application of Rostok. The data obtained give reason to recommend humic Rostok as a regulator for growth and development of potato plants and adaptogen in stressful situations when used in tank mixtures with pesticides.

Seed production of potato in biological agriculture Basiev Soltan Soslanbekovich, Dzhioeva Georgievna, Basieva Alina Soltanova Abstract: The paper deals with many years research on identifying the effect of green manure crops on the soil fertility. It is determined the after effect of decayed green manure crops on the productivity of seed potato tubers in the conditions of South Ossetia.

The paradigm of natural sciences in the works of V.V. Dokuchaev. Aparin Boris Phedorovich Aparin Boris Phedorovich Abstract V.V. Dokuchaev’s contribution to development of the natural sciences of the 19th century has been considered. He offered a synthetic paradigm of the natural sciences, which covered all basic forms of matter’s motion in their genetic relationship and temporal interaction. The article presents root and elements of the paradigm in respect to different fields of the natural sciences and their practical using. V.V. Dokuchaev’s thesis about the central role of soil sciences in the investigation of the relationship between man and nature has been considered.

Soils of Kamennaya Steppe from the days of V.V. Dokuchaev till nowadays The program of water farming regulation in steppe in Russia formulated by V.V. Dokuvaev and comprehensive research of Kamennaya Steppe carried out in 1892-1894 by special expedition supervised by V.V. Dokuchaev were a basement for the following transformation of steppe landscape into agroforest one during the 20th Century. Trends of soil cover changes were evaluated on the basis of modern soil cover pattern map and synthesis of different cartographic, analytical and text information prepared by different researchers during the century. Four stages of landscape changes during the last 120 years are discussed in the article. Factors entailed landscape changes were as follow: rising of arable lands share, planting and growing of forest belts, building of ponds and irrigation system. The results were raising ground water table, formation of semihydromorphic and local hydromorphic regimes of soils at the watersheds and slopes, appearance of local seasonal surface overmoisterning of soils, total extension of saline and sodic soils. Differential water balance regulation of distinct area and entire landscape is rational under modern environmental conditions.

Development of ideas abaut geography, properties and fertility of chernozems of the Krasnoyarsk region Development of ideas abaut geography, genesis, properties and fertility of chernozems of the Krasnoyarsk region is reflected in article. V. V. Dokuchayev's contribution to studying of soils of the South of Siberia is reflected. Are given the modern estimates of properties of chernozems, their transformations in the conditions of intensive use.

Studies of Soils of Saint Petersburg and Its Outskirts: From V.V. Dokuchaev till our days V.V. Dokuchaev was not only creator of soil science, but also he was one of the pioneers of urban ecology. In 1890 V.V. Dokuchaev developed complex program of investigation of natural conditions of Saint Petersburg and its outskirts, including soil cover. The focus of this article is the urban soils of Saint Petersburg, which are an integral part of the urban ecosystem.

Structural modeling of lateral soil heterogeneity using satellite surveys data Byndych Tatiana Yurievna Multi-spectral satellite data are used for mapping and parametric description of chernozem soils to delineate soil mapping units, to evaluate their spatial structure and to quantitatively assess humus content of eroded soils using geostatistics and mathematical modelling.

Transformathion of hydrological regime of agrolandscapes with protective forestations The estimation of  hydrological regime of virgin territories and those exposed to anthropogenous impact in various degree is given . The analysis of protective forestations influence on melted water surface runoff formation,on water balance members and erosion-hydrological processes has been implemented .The law of melted water runoff limiting factors permitting new approach to the estimation of erosion-hydrological process is exposed. The method of high precision prognosis of surface runoff has been developed on its basis .Analysis and estimation of the efficiency of anti-erosion methods have been fulfilled ,the most effective ones have been educed, new high-efficiency practices have been developed and anti-erosion melioration strategy is proposed .

Organic matter humification rate in soils of southern Yamal and eastern macroslope of the Polar Urals The topsoils of soils of southern Yamal and eastern macroslope of the Polar Urals have been investigated. It was established that soils of forest tundra are characterized by the highest Cha/Сfa ratios. Soils with histic material are characterized by the lowest Cha/Сfa ratios. Fulvic type of humus is common feature for the most of studied soils. Soils of the Polar Urals are characterized by higher value of Cha/Cfa ratios in comparison with soils of flat areas.

Soils of floodplain forests Khopersky nature reserve In the article the basic research results of a soil cover of floodplain forests hopersky reserve, the characteristics of the composition and characteristics of its various types. According to studies compiled soil map of the floodplain landscape reserve, where the dominant group are floodplain forest light grey, grey and dark grey soils of the Central floodplain of the river Khoper.

Microbial biomass and basal soil respiration of quarry-dumps systems with different substrates Dmitrakova Ianina Aleksandrovna, Abakumov Evgenij Vasilevich. Abstract: The study was carried out at nonreclaimed and recultivated quarries with different soils in the North-West of Russia. The basic biological indicators such as microbial biomass content, basal soil respiration and  metabolic quotient were measured. For all quarries the level of microbiological activity is low.

Reflection of social and environmental crisis of the XIX century in the works of V.V. Dokuchaev (an example of human evolution of chernozem on Tambov plain in historical time) Kovalev I.V., Kovaleva N.O. Faculty of Soil Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University,   kovalevmsu@mail.ru, natalia_kovaleva@mail.ru Abstract: By the early twentieth century. a combination of two processes - the depletion of soil as a result of human activities and climate change, leading to drought in the forest-steppe zone of Russia, became one of the main causes of social and environmental crisis (revolutions). Radiocarbon dating and isotope δ13S distribution curves for the studied soil profiles show that the evolution of the soil in different historical periods in different ways dependent on the anthropogenic pressure. Properties of arable horizons of different ages differ in agricultural development. Out of the crisis - only in the emergence of a new scientific worldview, which was asked to VV Dokuchaev, in the creation of new technologies that do not destroy the environment.

170 years since the birth of V.V. Dokuchaev Bezuglova Olga Stepanovna Abstract: March 1, 2016 marks 170 years since the birth of  V.V. Dokuchaev – an outstanding scientist, naturalist, founder of soil science. His views, theoretical and practical research influenced the development of a number of related disciplines, as well as the later appearance of such sciences as the doctrine of the biosphere and biogeochemistry.   Dokuchaev's ideas to restore the fertility of chernozem  steppes, which were implemented, have slowered the rapid degradation of the soil, but the situation remains difficult. In this regard, one of the urgent tasks of modern soil science is to increase public awareness of the importance of soils for food security and the implementation of essential ecosystem functions.

Global warming and its regional implications for the European part of Russia The article examines trends in global and regional climate, the forecast of their likely future changes, and the possible implications of these changes for economic activity in that region.

Modification of the nutrient medium to produce a pure culture of mushrooms of genus Pleurotus We investigated creation of the nutrient medium for extracting a pure culture of Basidiomycetes of genus Pleurotus – perspective producers of physiologically active substances.

The role of shooting range on information content of ecosystems space pictures of lands of agricultural purpose Berezin Leonid Vladimirovich Abstract: The efficiency of the analysis of a range of the reflected solar radiation in space pictures of the grain crops and laylands, which are planned to repeated development, increases at a clustering on light reflection intensity. The spectral curve of the allocated classes is defined by a shooting range. Its maximum information content is reached at the stage of pictures synthesizing at a priority of infrared range of a range of reflection of solar radiation, in comparison with its visible short-wave part.

The influence of temperature factor on spontaneous contact interaction of lymphocytes with granulocytes Revealed the effect of temperature factor on spontaneous contact interaction of lymphocytes with granulocytes. It is established that this cellular interaction in vitro is implemented in the form of three different types, the intensity of which is related to the temperature parameters of the joint incubation of these cells.

Special features of highly technological processing of the tomatoes  In the food branches of the industry of many countries the tomatoes are considered as the most popular culture because of the valuable nourishing and dietetic qualities, the wide variety of types, high responsiveness to the methods of cultivation used. However, the state of technology and equipment for processing of tomato raw material existing at present requires further development and improvement.  Canning industry is the branch forming the budget of the republic of Daghestan. To 30  % the financial means of republic it comes from that processing, including from canning industry. However, according to the quality indicators and using the methods of packing the canning production, manufactured in the republic thus far cannot compete with the analogous production on the international market. In many respects the low competitive ability of domestic tomato products determines the irrational relationship between price and quality of the manufactured articles. To increase the quality of canning output and to reduce its prime cost is possible due to the thorough selection of the types of tomatoes and use of highly technological production processes. In the scientific arsenal of the technologists of  Daghestan State Technical University and Kuban State University of Technology has already been located high technologies and pour on the mechanisms of action on the qualitative composition of the tomato raw material of multi-frequency electromagnetic and ultrasonic. By the large potential of highly technological working of raw material possess the methods of the preparative separation of the components of raw material the liquified and compressed gases. New technological methods make it possible to produce production without the preservatives, the fillers, the chemical, undesirable aromatic substances and other additives. In this work we propose effective means of the solution of this problem in the use of physical, physical chemistry and chemical methods of action on the tomato raw material, semifinished products, auxiliary materials and finished production. They include the electromagnetic field of low and superhigh frequencies, ultrasound, the SO2- working, utilized in other branches industries.

SPOROBOLUS CRYPTANDRUS (TORR.) A. GRAY (GRAMINEAE) – INVASIVE SPECIES OF FLORA IN THE ROSTOV REGION O.N. Demina, L.L. Rogal, S.R. Mayorov   In the Rostov region (Russia), in the sand in the river valleys of the Seversky Donets, Derkul and Kalitva it was discovered Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr) A. Gray. – North American adventive species. In recent years, recorded an increase in its population, which is related to the increase of anthropogenic load, including the resumption of active use of these territories as the grazed areas. At the same time, the fight against the settling of alien species that may subsequently become dangerous quarantine weeds, more cost-effective in the early stages of infestation. In view of this, an urgent need to pay close attention to the study of the biology and ecology of  S. cryptandrus. In the near future it is important to carry out an assessment of limiting fact affecting its size and the speed of the processes of invasion species.

The influence of SO2 on the plate of the leaves of planted trees In the article the influence of SO2 on the morphometric indicator of leaf plates of some planted trees has been researched. According to the gathered information the morphometric indicator of leaf plates and its connection with the concentration of sulphur in the atmosphere have been envisioned.

Role of inhalation of Abisib (water extract of Abies sibirica needles) in correcting the functional characteristics and productivity of broiler chickens in intensive poultry farms. Our studies have shown that the use of Abisiba (water extract of Abies sibirica needles) elevates erythrocyte count in peripheral blood in the experimental group of chickens. Average live weight in the experimental group (by 7%) and higher survival rate (by 6.5%), per cent concerning the control group that certainly shows the effectiveness using of Abisib in condition of intensive rearing of broiler - chickens.

The daily and seasonal activity of South Siberian brown bear (Ursus arctos baicalensis) in the area of artificial feeding in the Baikal region The article summarizes the results of hunting industry monitoring of brown bears (Ursus arctos baicalensis) (Litvinov, 2000) with automatic surveillance camera at the experimental site of training experimental hunting unit  "Goloustnoye" of the game management faculty of Irkutsk State Agrarian University in the period from 2013 to 2015. Six hundred and seventy - five data files were analyzed. It was found that the activity of bears in the areas of observation is directly related to the time of day and season of the year. There are relationships between the behavior of the animals and the air temperature.

Photobacterium phosphoreum as an object for studying the biological effects of the CeO2 nanoparticles Gretsky Igor Alexandrovich, Zholobak Nadezhda Mikchailovna, Scherbakov Alexander Borysovich, Ivanov Vladimir Konstantinovich, Gromozova Elena Nikolaevna Abstract: The effect of nanoceria (CND), that have different physical and chemical properties – the used producing methods, Zeta potential, the presence of the stabilizer – on the the intensity of luminescence of Photobacterium phosphoreum IMV B-7071 was studied. It is shown that the high crystallinity nanoceria after 30 minutes after addition stimulated the cells luminescence, whereas the effects of citrate-stabilized CND depend essentially on the toxic effects the stabilizer sodium citrate.

Agrogene Transformation and Humus State of Soil in Farmland of Orenburg Zauralye Сhernozem southern and dark chestnut soils in various farmland (virgin land, hayfield, grazing areas, fallow land, arable land) are investigated in Orenburg Zauralye. It was established that the agrogene transformation of ecosystems is associated with the following processes: 1) decrease of phytocenosis productivity on account of reducing underground biomass; 2) deterioration in the structural-aggregate state of the soils; 3) easing of the intensity of carbon dioxide emission from soils; 4) reduction of humus content (for 8% -29% of the original value); 5) changes in fractional-group composition of humus in the direction of reducing the content of GA2 fraction.

New geological and geochemical data of prospects of oil-and-gas content of deep-laying deposits of the North of Western Siberia Geological structure of deep-seated deposits in the north of Western Siberia, lithology and reservoir properties of the Jurassic and pre-Jurassic rocks, geochemical characteristics razreza were refined. Proizvedena preliminary assessment of hydrocarbon potential has made. The dependence of the quantities of hydrocarbon reserves on the deposits from paleofatsialnoy depositional environment, sediment thickness and catagenetic transformation of the original organic matter.

The ecological situation of Petrozavodsk municipal district urban forests The characteristic of the current sanitary and forest pathology conditions of 45 urban forest sections of Petrozavodsk urban district of the Republic of Karelia has been done. Data processing was conducted using GIS technologies, principal component analysis and by averaging the point estimates using the median. There were allocated 5 group sections of urban forests: minimum (17 % of total urban forest area), weak (18 %), medium (31 %), strong (4 %) and maximum (30 %) disturbed. It is proposed to use the obtained data for rational planning of urban development.

The Influence of Electromagnetic Irradiation of Millimeter Range on the Ability of Pathogenic Corynebacteria to Biofilm Formation Theoretical and experimental substantiation of millimeter waves in different frequency bands influence on the formation of pathogenic corynebacteria subpopulations with low and high ability to form biofilms is presented in the article. It was experimentally proved that electromagnetic waves in 61,0 GHz frequency range, stimulated ability of corynebacteria to form biofilms; irradiation 42,2 GHz frequency range, on the contrary, inhibited these properties.

Effect of screening plants according to grain size, the use of fertilizers, plant protection on yield and quality of seeds sown barley varieties Sobolek Butkovskaya Lydia Kuzminichna., Kuzmin Dmitriy Nikolaevich. The results of studies of responsiveness of seeds of different size of the means of chemical plant protection products and fertilizers. With the use of intensive technologies of the emergence of another species (Pallidum) in spring barley Sobolek reduced. The selection of coarse barley seeds Sobolek in primary seed, fertilizer and chemical plant protection increase the productivity of seeds to 0,15-1,22 t / ha, 1-3% germination, varietal purity of 1-2%.

Influence of changes in the physico-chemical and agrochemical indicators of chernozem soil during its anthropogenic disturbance on the yield of white mustard and urease activity of soil Technogenically disturbed soils on the basis of podzolized chernozem were modeled and studied. It is shown that disturbance of the soil leads to decreasing content of major nutrients and the deterioration of physical and chemical properties. We found the coefficients of correlation, showing the dependence of the productivity of white mustard, which were seeded at the biological stage of reclamation of disturbed soil, on the above factors.

The health status of the population of the village of Antipayuta Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district as an indicator of the quality of the living environment Unique data on the health status of the population of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The demographic situation was characterized by a positive natural population increase through high birth rates and high infant mortality. Shown significant growth in environmentally related disorders of blood, blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanisms (due to anemia) and diseases of the digestive system.

Inbriding as the regulation factor of pathogenesis in forest ecosystems Imbreeding, as the reproduction from the mating  of  genetically related parents, is usual in the wild nature. As purposeful process, inbreeding is widely applied in selection of plants and animals. Inbreeding results in increased homozygosity. Homozygosity  can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. The homozygosity of  offspring    usually raises, because the number of identical alleles in their genomes of the subsequent individuals  increases. Homozygosity reduces fitness of population, weakens it, that is causes inbreeding depression. The purpose of the given work –    to use the factor of the inbreeding depressions for suppression of pathogenic  populations in forest ecosystems. Inbreeding in the ecosystems is reached as a result of reproductive isolation of pathogenic organisms. Inbreeding leads to a decreased fitness of a population. The researches were spent in the Central Russian forest-steppe. Modelling test objects were the economically significant  and well-known fungi   Erisiphe alphitoiges, Heterobasidion annosum and Porodaedalea pini.

Application of biological preparations on crops of Galega and their impact on the productivity of green mass and seeds Degunova Natalia Borisovna. Danilova Yulia Borisovna, Shkodina Elena Petrovna Discusses how to increase productivity of green mass of Galega in the first years of life, the prospects of seed production of fodder Galega with crops. The results of experiments on inoculate and coinoculation crops of vetch in pure form and in the composition of two-component mixtures.

Optimization of information data analyzed in the process of neural network prediction outcome pathology of hemostasis Neural network systems for diagnostics and prognosis are actively introduced in clinical practices in last five years. These systems have higher detection sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional scales for valuation status severity. However the description most of these systems are not include information of principles and algorithms for selection neural network input parameters. Often this leads to redundancy of researched parameters, which in turn have negative impact upon work result of neural network systems. In this article proposed to the algorithm of informative parameters selection for information data optimization, analyzed in process neural network prognosis of outcome pathology hemostasis. neural network, algorithm, informative parameter.

To the question of enhancing of productivity for flat open systems for microalgae culturing E. Onyshchenko In our research we identify the ways to enhance industrial productivity of green microalgae culturing in open pond systems. For effective large - scale implementation of controlled culturing, technologies providing high productive growth in conditions of natural light irradiation are required. Light conversion efficiency with two different culturing methods for Chlorella in conditions duplicating light energy density, typical for middle latitude meteo- climatological conditions is compared.

Behavioral effects of female sex hormones of different nature of the immobilized male white rats Frolova Galina Aleksandrovna, Bogdanova Svetlana Aleksandrovna Found that the sensitivity of male white rats to immobilization stress (10 days of 2 hours) is directly dependent on baseline activity of the animals. Natural female sex steroid estrone (estrone, 1.0 mg/kg, 10 days) caused an inhibition of locomotor and exploratory activity in stressed rats is not dependent on the initial level of activity. Synthetic analogue of the female sex hormone origin of non-steroidal (sinestrol, 0.8 mg/kg, 10 days) in low and intermediate level of stressed rats acts as a stress-limiting factor, high-level direction of impact of sinestrolom coincides with the effects of estrone.

Investigation of the activity some 8-aminoderivatives of 3-methyl- 7-?-hydroxi-?-isopropoxipropylxanthines at the experimental hyperlipidemia. Ostapenko А. А., Belay I. M., Romanenko N. I. We made research in analysis of the antioxidant features of the newly synthesized derivatives of 3-methylxanthine in experimental hyperlipemia in rats. The results of the computer prediction of the possible manifestations of the biological activities indicate that the majority of the analyzed compounds can influence on the different sides of lipid metabolism. Markers of the influence on the activity of lipid peroxidation and the complex antioxidant activity during administration  of derivatives 3-methylxanthine were studied. This screening has allowed to identify some patterns of connections between the structure and the direction and severity of changes in the antioxidant properties of the blood of experimental animals. In addition, prospect of further pharmacological studies of the effects of synthetic analogs of xanthine are confirmed by appropriate patents and informational letters.  

Methodical features of biotechnology reproduction of soil fertility to realize the po-tential productivity crop. This article describes the resource-saving technology  of crop cultivation based on the transformation of the soil structure and the plant root system, secures up to 25% of harvest, even at extremely dry seasons.

Influence of an electromagnetic field on phytochemical and anatomic properties of herbs The anatomic and phytochemical analysis of the medicinal vegetable raw materials collected near the high-voltage power lines is carried out. The samples collected in the reserved territory were studied as a control. A number of the features resulting from electromagnetic field influence on soils and vegetable organisms have been revealed. It was proved that the majority of biochemical reactions within vegetable organisms had been suppressed under the influence of an electromagnetic field. It was endorsed by both anatomic anatomic (considerable decrease in leaves of the studied objects of such microdiagnostic signs as quantity the Druze of oxalate of calcium, quantity the golovchatykh of hairs), and quantitative (decrease in the maintenance of the main groups of connections of the studied raw materials – flavonoids and polysaccharides) methods.

Pigment complex of needles Far-Eastern and local species p. Juniperus The author presents the results of research of content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) in needles of introducent and local species Juniperus, growing in arboretum Mountain-Taiga station FEB RAS.  It is established that the amount of photosynthetic pigments of introduce species is inferior to the local species. These data extend the idea of the pigment complex of introduced coniferous species and can be used to diagnose the state of photosynthetic apparatus.

Rare-distributed ornamental-leaved shrubs in collection of Ufa Botanical Garden Results of many years introduction of 6 genus of rare-distributed ornamental-leaved shrubs in Ufa Botanical Garden are presented. The detailed morphological characteristics of each taxa are given end data on seasonal cycle of development are also presented. Recommendations on propagation of the species end cultivars as well as agrotechnics of their planting under conditions of Bashkir Cis Urals are proposed.

The results of the breeding work with decorative herbaceous cultures in Bashkortostan as an example the genus Paeonia L The article summarizes the results of many years breeding work with paeonia hybrida hort. in the Botanical garden of Ufa. The paper describes the main stages of work in this area, describing the new cultivars of paeonia hybrida hort.

Poliomyelitis: the state of the epidemic and prospects Key facts. Overview of the global epidemic and the epidemic in Russia, retaliatory measures. The tools available to date for polio eradication. Polio vaccination: past, present and future.

On the Abrau Peninsula in 2010 was established the State natural reserve "Utrish". That purpose is to preserve the unique natural complexes of dry subtropics  of the Black Sea coast of Caucasus – hemixerophilic relict ecosystems  in the Northern Mediterranean.  For its territory (Abramsom cluster), in the project documents was given 859 vascular plant species. As a Supplement to the flora of the reserve "Utrish" strictly within the boundaries of the reserve, for 2012 – 2015 years of research we have identified the whereabouts of the 179 species of vascular plants. Also from the preliminary list has been removed 124 species, which is not confirmed by herbarium collections. The result of the audit of all submissions received become the floristic reserve list, which includes 914 species of vascular plants. The peninsula Abrau in 2010 created the State Natural Reserve "Utrish" to preserve the unique natural complexes of dry subtropical Black Sea coast - gemikserofilnyh relict ecosystems of the Northern Mediterranean. For its territory (Abrausky cluster), in the project documents were given 859 species of vascular plants. In addition to the flora of the reserve "Utrish" strictly within the boundaries of the reserve for the 2012 - 2015 years of research we have identified the location of 179 species of vascular plants. Also from the preliminary list of 124 species has been removed, which is not confirmed by herbarium charges. The result of the audit of all submissions received was the floristic reserve list, which includes 914 species of vascular plants. The full list is provided in the PDF-file of this article.

30 years' Changes of Probabilistic and Information Characteristics of the Humus Content in Southern Chernozems in Western Siberia The analysis of transformation of the probabilistic-statistical distributions (PSD) of the humus content in southern chernozems at the studied territory in the whole, situated on the Priirtyshsky uval for the 30-year period revealed existence of the tendency to decrease in the humus content in the top layer and its increase in underlying layers of soil. Transformation of PSD of the humus content is followed by very essential reduction of statistical entropy up to 60% of initial value that speaks about essential change of a condition of chernozems in spite of the fact that taxonomically soils don't change. The analysis of information divergence showed that the revealed tendencies in a sandy loam version are expressed more strongly, than in the loamy soils. And the greatest transformation of PSD of the humus content for the studied period happened in a layer 30-50 cm due to increasing of the low boundary of the interval of variation. The revealed transformations of PSD are interpreted from the point of view of interaction of soilforming, climatic and landscape and exogenous processes.

Consequences of eco-toxicological effects of hazardous heavy metals compounds on the benthic communities of river ecosystems The paper presents the results of the analysis of long-term regime hydrochemical information about the hazardous heavy metals (mercury, cadmium and lead) content of the river waters and hydrobiological information about the structural organization of the benthic communities. The possible  changes assessment of the ecological status of river ecosystems was conducted. It is shown, that the variability of the quantitative indicators of the benthic communities is response to the transformation of the component composition of the aquatic environment river’s.  The strengthening processes of environmental regression of  benthic communities takes place in river ecosystems with a high level of contamination of the toxic heavy metals.

Study of the sensitivity of hospital S. aureus strains to the action of disinfectants Has been studied the sensitivity of strains of S. aureus, isolated from hospitals environmental objects (air of manipulation rooms, swabs from the surfaces of medical equipment, uniforms of the medical staff) to modern disinfectants. It was established that the highest activity possessed chlorine compounds, and means based on peracetic acid.

The method of evaluation of potato varieties for resistance to viruses It is proposed another estimation of varieties and breeding hybrids of potato with regard to their clonal origin and propagation.

The functional state of the organism of calves during cold method of cultivation. Кostesha Nikolay Yakovlevich, Makarevitch Veronika Gennadievna For  the experiment 2 groups of calves were taken. An experimental group of  5 days old calves was put into individual cabins where the temperature was minus 4-5C. The control group was put into similar  cabins where the temperature was 11-12oC. The test of peripheral blood  in the experimental group showed that the quantity of erythrocytes increased significally compared with the control group of calves. The authors believe that moderate stress (according to the increase of cortisol in peripheral blood) stimulates erythropoiesis. Since the 7th  day of the experiment the calves began to gain weight up to 25% compared with the control group.

Evaluation of the rate constants reactions of the alkyl, allyl and aryl radicals with hydrocarbons with use the artificial of neural network Evaluation of the rate constants reactions of the alkyl, allyl and aryl radicals with hydrocarbons with use the artificial of neural network Tumanov Vladimir Evgen’rvich This paper discusses the use of feed-forward artificial neural network to predict the rate constants of organic molecules in the bimolecular radical reactions R + R1H in the liquid phase on the experimental data. The hybrid algorithm of calculation of rate constants of bimolecular radical reactions on the experimental thermochemical data and an empirical index of the reactionary center is offered. This algorithm uses an artificial neural network for a prediction of a classical barrier of bimolecular radical reaction at a temperature of 298 K, a database of experimental characteristics of reaction and Arrhenius's formula for calculation of a rate constant. Results of training and a prediction of the network are discussed. Results of comparison of logarithms of the calculated and experimental of the rate constants are given.

Regularities of the processes of transport and deposition of soil material by water flows small depth The main objective of this work by the example of soddy-podzolic soil of different degree of wash off quantitatively assess the ability of small depth flows at the system level «flow-soil» to transfer certain mass of soil material. Determination of quantities transfer and deposition of soddy-podzolic soil of different degree of wash off spend on a large erosive tray. In the experiments was determined by the following indicators: the average velocity of flow and turbidity of water, the radius of the transported and deposited in the stream bed of aggregates and other. These indicators are used for verification of the theoretical equation transporting capacity.  

Application of the European soil standards in the territory of Azerbaijan At present the integration to the European and international structures goes on in many directions, including scientific. Against a background of globalization it is fundamentally important to form an adequate soil-information space which would ensure progressive international cooperation in the field of soil science. As is known, the new digital soil database of Mediterranean and Caucasus Countries’ territory in the format of the soil geographical information system of the European Union (EU) is being prepared within the program for the Extension of the European Soil Database (ESDB). These researches intend to create the Soil Geographical Database of Eurasia at scale 1 : 1, 000, 000 as a part of the European Soil Information System (EUSIS). The current stage of the Azerbaijan soil resources inventory on supranational level is closely linked with the processes of adaptation of the country to the conditions of new geopolitical realities. It is of fundamental importance to preserve and develop the national scientific and practical traditions and their harmonious integration with the EU soil inventory. Taking into consideration the urgency of the problem, we have made researches in order to create the digital data base of the soils of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The digital soil map of Azerbaijan has been prepared in a scale of 1:1000000 using modern geoinformation technologies and taking into account the ESDB requirements. During the analysis of soil database of Azerbaijan, some difficulties that impede the integration process to the ESDB were revealed. Generally, the work that has been done brought to a conclusion that the knowledge available on soils of Azerbaijan makes the integration to the EU soil-geographic data base possible.  

Experience to improve the fertility of soil in nurseries Eastern Transbaikalia Pak Larisa Nikolaevna, Bobrinev Viktor Petrovich The results of studies on the establishment of a forest nursery of Eastern Transbaikalia effective crop rotation, allowing to preserve the fertility of the soil, grow trees planting material in a shorter period and to reduce the cost of cultivation more than doubled.

Features photosynthesizing activity in needles Picea ajanensis and Picea Smithiana in the town forests in Ussuriisk Titova M.S., Rozlomiy N.G. The content and the ratio of exchange photosynthetic pigments in the needles of Picea ajanensis and Picea Smithiana were investigated in the town forests in Ussuriisk . It is established that the amount of photosynthetic pigments of introduce species is inferior to the local species. These data extend the idea of the pigment complex of introduced coniferous species and can be used to diagnose the state of photosynthetic apparatus.

The induction of chromosomal aberrations by etoposide in Cyclops kolensis и Cyclops insignis (Copepoda, Crustacea) A.K. Grishanin, G.E.Grishanin The frequency of chromosome aberrations in the embryonic cells of Cyclops kolensis and Cyclops insignis was determined when cyclops embryos were treated with Etoposide . A reduction in the frequency of chromosome aberrations (CA) in somatic cells lines Cyclops kolensis after chromatin diminution was installed. It's shown that chromosome aberrations frequency of Cyclops insignis at appropriate stages of embryogenesis due to the impact of Etoposide solution of the same concentration did not change. The significant differences in the CA frequencies of somatic line cells of Cyclops kolensis when embryos were exposed in increasing concentrations of Etoposide solutions  out.

Architectural and morphometric analysis of tree species The growth is described as variations of bine-gemma complex. New marks for characteristic of the growth of crown for different types of plants were performed the mark of participation of gemmas, multiple number of augmentation, mart of bines growth leading. This method is different plants on the perspective types into introduction future nature.

Age and tissue-specific features of the peroxide modification of proteins against the background of emotional-painful stress and preliminary introduction of а-tocopherol Investigated age differences and the level of peroxidation of proteins of male white rats when emotional-painful stress and the introduction of α-tocopherol. The changes in the intensity of peroxide degradation of proteins in various tissues, depending on the age of the animal. Shown as a protective and prooxidant effect of α-tocopherol, depending on the age and the tissue under examination.  

The effect of humic substances and pesticides on the yield of spring wheat The paper presents the research on the effect of humic substances in tank mixtures with pesticides on the structure of the crop, the development of root rot, grain yield and quality of spring wheat.  

Disorders of cellular and humoral immunity ulcer diseases The article deals with contemporary ideas on the state of immunological reactivity under ulcer disease. The role of immune disturbances in the development of clinical manifestations of ulcer disease is shown. Interrelations of different links of the immune system, correlations between specific immunity and natural protection of the organism are considered. Found that patients observed a variety of disorders immunological reactivity. Violations of the immunological reactivity observed in the acute stage and remain in remission.  

The levels of UV-induced mutagenesis change in case of mutations in chromatin-remodeling proteins encoding genes are combined with the rad54 mutation in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae DOT1, HSM6 and ASF1 genes encode crucial protein chromatin modifiers. We studied the effects of combining dot1, hsm6 and asf1 mutations with rad54 mutation. It’s demonstrated that the enormous increase of UV-induced mutagenesis is representative for dot1rad54, hsm6rad54 and asf1rad54 double mutants. Simultaneously the levels of survival of these double mutants change under the UV light action.

Morphological and physiological parameters of erythrocytes in oxidative stress at different stages of ontogenesis The results indicate the age-related deviations from physiological level of the prevailing number of the investigated morphological and physiological parameters of peripheral erythrocytes functional status, indicating the lack of these indicators stability in the late ontogenesis, significant defects of the gas transmission function of red blood cells, especially presented when inhale rats with hydrogen sulfide gas.  

The effect of Mexidol on clinical and immunological status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease The assessment of efficiency of meksidol therapy on clinical and immunological status has been made for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the acceptability of physical loads, quality of life and probability of survival of patients with COPD being cousidered against the background of mexidol treatment. It has been established that the use of this preparation in a complex therapy for COPD patients is accompanied by positive dynamics of respiratory symptoms and improves the quality of life of patients. Patients with COPD have a depression of absorbency of neutrophil phagocytics capacity and increasing its metabolic activity with the formation of reactive oxygen species, the probability of a 4 year survival in patients with COPD.  

Research on the influence of endogenous bioregulators, isolated from blood serum and bones of mammals, on the regeneration of amphibian limbs The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bioregulators (BR) on anurans limb regeneration and to maintain the viability of the tissues of the developing salamanders regenerate in vitro. During this work it was found that the ability of Xenopus laevis to regenerate hindlimb in metamorphosis stage depends on the level of amputation, while stimulating regeneration by BR isolated from blood serum, decreases when the regenerative capacity increases. BR from serum had a pronounced effect on the regeneration of Xenopus laevis hindlimb in vivo when amputation was in the proximal region. BR from bone and BR from serum had a protective effect on the condition of the tissue regenerated limb of the newt Pleurodeles waltl provided by cultivation in vitro.  

Investigation of thermal resistance and antagonistic properties of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using antagonistic properties of some bacteria to inhibit other (pathogenic) has been studied for many years, while little attention was paid to study such properties in yeast. The yeast metabolites and yeast cells action on gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms was different. Live yeast cells were the most antagonistically active against gram-positive microorganisms and their metabolites - in relation to gram-negative.  

Regularities of formation and erosion processes during spring snowmelt on the territory of agrolandscape and their impact on the quality of river water Analysis of the results four years of research of the snowmelt runoff formation and soil loss on the catchment area of the small river Lubozhikha showed that surface runoff and soil washout has an influence not only on the intensity of erosion processes, but also on the chemical composition of river waters.  

Diversity Indicators for landscape ecology in the area of Pumat National Park, Nghean, Vietnam Diversity Indicators for landscape ecology in the area of Pumat National Park, Nghean, Vietnam Nguyen Van Hong1*, Lai Vinh Cam1, Vuong Hong Nhat1, Tran Thi Nhung1, Nguyen Phuong Thao1, Nguyen Thi Thu Hien1, Le Kieu Trang2, Dang Hung Cuong3,4, Kolesnikov Sergey Illich4   1Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam; nguyenhong.ig@gmail.com 2Vietnam National University (VNU) – School of Interdisciplinary Studies (SIS); 3Institute of Tropical Ecology, Vietnam-Russian Tropical Centre, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.   Abstract Landscape ecology structure and diversity are not only influenced by many ecologically relevant processes but also by assessing the plan, policy about the management of resources. Using landscape indicators can find out the connection between landscape components and spatial distribution. In this article, the diversity indicators are used for calculating the area of Pumat National Park, Vietnam. These include Number of patches (NP), Percentage of Landscape (PLAND), Shape (SHAPE_AM), Landscape Shape Index (LSI), Edge Contrast (ECON_AM), Contagion (CONTAG), Cohesion (COHESION), Aggregation index (AI), Simpson Diversity Index (SIDI). These indicators were calculated on landscape ecology units created from component maps that included geomorphology (topographic and geological maps), soil maps, bioclimate maps, and vegetation cover maps. The findings which are indicators measured and analyzed then show the diversity of landscape ecology will contribute to planning diversity conservation and socio-economic development in the research area.

Gentle blood sampling from tortoises (Testudines) to detect blood parasites Gentle blood sampling from tortoises (Testudines) to detect blood parasites Turkan F. Gurbanova, Nizami E. Novruzov Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan   Abstract: An alternative method for obtaining high-quality blood samples from tortoises of the genus Testudo for the detection of blood parasites by blood extraction using a medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) has been proposed. This method of blood extraction is also effective, as well as traditional methods of blood sampling from turtles, but in contrast to them, it is simple to perform, more humane and safe for these animals.

Interaction of the nuclear factor kappa bi cascade and genes regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition Interaction of the nuclear factor kappa bi cascade and genes regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition Chmykhalo V.K.1 1 Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, vkchmykhalo@icloud.com   Abstract The epithelial-mesenchymal transition is one of the sources of the emergence of new cancer stem cells in response to cancer chemotherapy. The initiation of this process depends on a number of transcription factors - Snail, Twist, Zeb, which regulate the activity of genes, involved in cellular phenotype and inter-tissue interactions. In turn, Snail, Twist, Zeb are targets for the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa bi (NF-kappaB) cascade, one of the leading signaling pathways of cell adaptation and defence both under normal conditions and in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, including various oncologies. This review study examines the interaction of NF-kappaB with genes regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells. The mechanisms of information transfer and the activation pathways of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and the regulatory network of transcription factors of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition are considered. Data on the factors of initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition with the NF-kappaB participation are presented. Roles of specific components in NF-kappaB signaling pathway are presented separately in this trigger, as well as cooperation with other signaling cascades involved in the tumors development. It also demonstrates the usage of various pharmacological, including protein, inhibitors of the NF-kappaB cascade to prevent EMT triggering. In conclusion, the facts about the regulation of NF-kappaB activity due to the reverse loop formed by the products of the target genes of the Snail, Twist, Zeb factors are presented. This work is of interest to specialists in the field of cell biology, human genetics and molecular oncology

Implementing the UN sustainable development goals for greener remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals: new trends and directions for the future Eng. Implementing the UN sustainable development goals for greener remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals: new trends and directions for the future Mahmoud Mazarji1, Muhammad Tukur Bayero2, Tatiana Minkina1, Svetlana Sushkova1, Saglara Mandzhieva1, Andrey Tereshchenko1, Rıdvan Kızılkaya2, Coşkun Gülser2 1 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation 2 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55080, Turkey     Abstract: The remediation of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil is always an important topic. Exposure to contaminated soil with carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic potential can result in serious health effects. Nowadays, rapid growth in urbanization, population, and living standards call for a finding sustainable solutions during the post-COVID-19 era. These numerous potential advantages, especially integrated with biochar produced from various biomass, might provide an ecologically beneficial tool for achieving the United Nations’ sustainable development objectives for greener soil remediation. In this context, the biochar preparation method from different agricultural feedstock and its use as a soil amendment for remediation of HMs-contaminated were discussed. Furthermore, biochar-based nanocomposites containing functional materials have lately attracted much interest because of the unique properties emerging from their nanoscale size compartment, which present a good promise in terms of reactivity and stability. The utility and potency of these biochar-based nanocomposites, on the other hand, are determined by their ability to adapt to particular site circumstances and soil qualities. This overview effectively summarizes the current advances in the application for the remediation of polluted soils including HMs, since there is no complete assessment of the uses of biochar-based nanocomposites. Future views on the usage and possibilities for

Variation of soil fertility indicators during the cultivation of winter wheat using no-till technology Eng. Variation of soil fertility indicators during the cultivation of winter wheat using no-till technology Uralev L.I.1, Biryukova O.A.1, Ilchenko Y.I.1, Ilchenko A.E.1 1Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia     Abstract: The paper presents an assessment of the spatial variability of nutrients and reserves of productive moisture in the Calcic Chernozem during the cultivation of winter wheat using the no-till technology. A significant variation in the content of nitrate nitrogen and mobile phosphorus in the soil (V> 40,0%) was found between the surveyed fields (n = 131). The spatial variability of the reserves of productive moisture is less (V = 5,0–17,0%) than the content of mobile forms of the main nutrients. Perhaps this is due to the positive effect of no-till technology on the water regime of the soil. The spatial variability of growing conditions strongly affects the yield of winter wheat. The dependence of the crop yield on the reserves of productive moisture before sowing (r = 0,80) and in the phase of entering the tube (r = 0,34), as well as on the content of nitrate nitrogen (r = 0,34) and mobile phosphorus in the soil before sowing (r = 0,30). The results obtained indicate the need to adjust the doses of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in the fields of an agricultural enterprise. At the same time, the effectiveness of various agrotechnical methods is determined by the moisture supply before sowing and in the phase of entering the tube.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus infection  infants This paper deals with epidemiological analysis of rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in the first year of life and the study of nosocomial spread of diseases among them in the hospital. Shown widespread rotavirus gastroenteritis among children first month of life, the possibility of a wide nosocomial rotavirus infection children. The results obtained allowed for more effective prevention and control measures in the foci of infection.

Alexandr Fedorovich Lebedev —  first soil scientist Rostov University The article describes the main stages of the life and work of an outstanding representative of Russian genetic soil science Alexandr Fedorovich Lebedev. The authors attempted to collect anecdotal information about the first soil scientist Rostov University, who worked within its walls long before the organization of the Department of soil science.

Ecological State of Dark Chestnut Soil in Agrogene-transformed Ecosystems of Orenburg Zauralye The dark chestnut soil in various farmland are investigated in Orenburg Zauralye. The comparison of soil with virgin analogues showed that the degree of agrogenic transformation and environmental degradation of these soils increases in the following series: virgin — hayfield — grazing areas — fallow land — arable land.

Identification of fish species of the family of whitefish, harvested on the North Yenisei With the implementation of raw fish in the settlements of the Yenisei North revealed falsification of fish whitefish family, which is expressed in a specific regrading. During the study, the analysis of the scheme regrading Arctic cisco, Siberian whitefish and muksun produced in the lower reaches of the river basin Yenisei. Proposed a rapid method of identification based on knowledge of the morphometric characters.

Features reovirus RNA isolation from clinical material S. A. Kolpakov, E. P. Kolpakova. Key objective of the given research is to find out reasons of failures during extraction of the RNK reoviruse from sick people clinical material. In due course it was discovered that transcriptase (RNA dependent RNA polymerase) very quickly transforms double-stranded RNA into a single-stranded RNA due to short time of activation after violation of reoviruse outside capsid integrity. This single-stranded RNA is invisible using standard way of electrophoresis registration. Addition of a transcriptase with polymerase function in ready-made samples or in clinical material from sick people before RNA extraction leads to transformation of a single-stranded RNA (if available) into a dsRNA identified after electrophoresis in the form of genome’s segments. The developed RNA visualisation method could assist in etiological diagnostics of reoviral infection and in studying of reovirus as a pathogen.

New group of human rotaviruses, the family Reoviridae S. A. Kolpakov, E. P. Kolpakova. Key objective of the given research is to find out reasons of failures during extraction of the RNK reoviruse from sick people clinical material. In due course it was discovered that transcriptase (RNA dependent RNA polymerase) very quickly transforms double-stranded RNA into a single-stranded RNA due to short time of activation after violation of reoviruse outside capsid integrity. This single-stranded RNA is invisible using standard way of electrophoresis registration. Addition of a transcriptase with polymerase function in ready-made samples or in clinical material from sick people before RNA extraction leads to transformation of a single-stranded RNA (if available) into a dsRNA identified after electrophoresis in the form of genome’s segments. The developed RNA visualisation method could assist in etiological diagnostics of reoviral infection and in studying of reovirus as a pathogen.

Microbiocenosis of cavity uteri in missed abortion Studied complex microbiological and morphological study of endometrial scrapings 244 women with missed abortion. In the study found the prevalence of mixed viral and bacterial infections. Frequent combination of viruses marked with mycoplasma, ureaplasma and chlamydia.

Viral safety of blood products Grehirchak Nataliya Nykolayvna, Lych Inna Valentynovna The article deals with issue of ensuring viral safety of blood products. We defined responsibility and rightness of using method of polymerase chain reaction during production of blood specimen, appraised the quality of products for their promotion. The definition of contamination materials (plasma and precipitations), intermediate metabolite was carried out by method of PRC on the content of nucleic acid parvovirus B19, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus in order to confirm the possibility of using abovementioned methods for quality assurance of blood components.

Problems and challenges of soil science application to developing information technologies in agricultural production of Rostov region Golozubov Oleg Modestovich, Kol’chik Anatolij Fyodorovich, Kryshhenko Vladimir Stefanovich, Litvinov Yurij Alekseevich The achievements, problems, and challenges of the modern stage of the development of the GIS for agromonitoring of agricultural lands in Rostov oblast. The structure of the information system of the GIS as an internet-based resource and its application for solving practical problems are described. For the first time in Russia, the GeoRSS standard based on the structured hypertext representation of the geographic and attribute information has been applied in the state system for the agromonitoring of agricultural lands in Rostov oblast and information exchange through the internet.

Resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs Pokudina Inna Olegovna, Shkurat Mihail Alekseevich, Battalov Dmitrij Valentinovich Abstract: The emergence of the phenomenon of resistance to therapeutic drugs in the pathogenic microorganisms, has a very negative effect on the health of humanity, because it leads to a sharp decrease in the efficiency of etiotropic therapy  of infectious diseases. Intense selective pressure of antibiotics leads to the rapid evolution and spread of new resistance mechanisms in health care settings and, above all, in the Intensive care unit. The article analyzes the literature data about the mechanisms of emergence and transmission of the resistance of pathogens to antimicrobial agents and acquired resistance associated with the production of beta-lactamases extended spectrum.

Total ecosystem respiration and evapotranspiration of steppe catena (West Siberia) The article deals with the diurnal dynamics of CO2 emission and evapotranspiration of steppe ecosystems. The profiles of carbon dioxide distribution in soil atmosphere were set under soil salinity conditions. The findings help to explain the ecological function of steppe catena.

Features of action of weak low-frequency alternating magnetic field on the intensity of division planarian Dugesia tigrina at static magnetic field with "zero" and geomagnetic values It have been shown that exposure of the planarians to low-frequency alternating magnetic field (frequency of 3,7 Hz, the amplitude of 40 nT, exposure 4 h) in combination with a static magnetic field collinear with the induction of 42 mT promoted its division. On other hand compensation of the static magnetic field (induction £ 0,1 mT) by means of alternating magnetic field resulted in the opposite directional inhibitory effect consisted of reduction of the number of divisions of planarians.

Dynamics of toxicity waters of the small river within megapolis (r. Temernik, SFD) Ecological problems of small rivers were considered. Based on years of material toxicity waters r. Temernik (SFD) at bioassay was shown the evolution of toxicity classes and ecological status of water.

Erosion processes on the territory of small catchment — regularities of formation Analysis of the results four years of research of the snowmelt runoff formation and soil loss on the catchment area of the small river Lubozikha showed that surface runoff and soil washout has an influence not only on the intensity of erosion processes, but also on the chemical composition of river waters.

To the study of water mites (Acariformes) as part of a small river Devitsa Zooperiphiton (Voronezh region) An ecologo-faunistic information about 13 species from 6 families of water mites of zooperiphyton  river Devitsa (Limestone North Central Russian upland, Voronezh region), of which 10 are listed for the first time for the region. Identified dominant and rare species, preferences in of various substrates.

Effects of partial cutting on soil microbial complex in pinewoods of Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe region The analysis of a structural-functional condition of soil microbita has shown, that satisfactory soil forest-vegetation conditions the pinewoods density of 0,6—0,7 which have been passed by the first cutting. Intensity of felling a forest stand, the season of lumbering and a way of brush disposal the promote redistribution in structure of eco-trophic groups of microorganisms and formation of an optimum level of enzymes activity in soil.

The role of agrochemistry in the conditions of modern agriculture in Russia An analysis of current problems and the negative consequences of underestimating major laws of agriculture in the Russia were carried out. Have considered the ecological function of agrochemistry in agroecosystems and the conditions which necessary for the successful development and modernization of  agriculture of the country.

The soil and microbiological characteristics of virgin and deposit gray forest soils of Priangarye, are formed in conditions of hillocky relief One of the factors that determine the characteristics of soil formation and soil microbial processes in the Priangarye is hillocky relief. It promotes differentiation of soil-forming processes in the soil profile and a sharp difference of their morphology and properties. When plowing of soil is a significant change in the properties of soils [12] and microbiological parameters [13], which for a long time is saved when translated into deposit mode.

Introduction of trees and shrubs in the Nikita Botanical Gardens and their naturalization on the Crimean peninsula The check-list of trees and shrubs presented in collection of the Nikita Botanical Gardens capable for self-reproduction or run wild on the territory of Crimean peninsula have been provided. Invasive activity of species have been given according to the categories used in the database on naturalized species in European botanical gardens.

Agroecological efficiency of use of rice meliorative cultivated lands on the basis of the evaluation of agricultural resource territory potential The approbation of methodological approaches according to the agroecological evaluation of lands of rice irrigation system has been conducted. Based on the analysis of statistic and predicted data on yield capacity of rice crop rotation it has been proved that it can be eligible for developing farming system in rice cultivation. The correspondence between actual and calculated according to the degree method of agroecological land quality has been discovered.

Some peculiarities of reproductive system of the campanula sibirica l. (campanulaceae) The results of biology study Campanula sibirica L. at the conditions of his nature growth at the mountain Crimea have been presented. Peculiarities of the male and female reproductive structures development (availability of the placentoid and the fibrous thickening in the walls of the connective cells in microsporangium, development postamento-podium and hypostases in ovule etc.) have been shown. The of flowering and pollination processes have been described in details; the phenomenon of the invagination, the male phase in the flower  bud, structure of seeds, and also the mechanism of dissemination have been illustrated.  The conclusion about the formation many quantity of seeds and possibility their dissemination at greatly distance has been determinated of the original peculiarities of flowering, pollination and also the structure fruits and the  dissemination of this species  has been made.

Lunaria rediviva L. (Cruciferae) from Mordovian State Nature Reserve in Conditions in vivo and in vitro Perennial honesty is the tertiary relict of European deciduous forests. In the Republic of Mordovia it known from the Mordovian State Nature Reserve and the National Park «Smolny» and it is included in the regional Red Data Book. Population of Lunaria rediviva L. from the Mordovian State Nature Reserve was studied. The composition of the accompanying flora is revealed and it is analyzed on the environment factors. Comparison of the ratio of age groups and generative elements of individuals in the population for 2011—2012 was carried out. The attempt to reduce the stratification period of Lunaria rediviva seed in its germination in culture in vitro by exposure to sterilants was made.

Teptiaries: population and genetic characteristic Population and genetic characteristics of Tatars-teptyaries, for populations of the rank «Village Council» and «area», living in Menzelinsky, Muslyumovsky and Aktanyshsky regions of the Republic of Tatarstan are analysed in this work. Constantly decreasing extended mode of reproduction and the lowest level of metisation amongst  rural people is found. The scheme of a family landscape is analysed. Values of a random and local inbriding for the Village Councils of three areas are given.

The kind of adventitious flora in the Kaliningrad city 201 kind considered adventives plant growing in the Kaliningrad city. The analysis of adventives species.

Studying Ontogeny and Ether Oil of N. Velutina Pojark. in Apsheron (Azerbaijan) Mamedova Z. A. In the first year of vegetation of N.velutina Pojark. from section Schizocalyx complete all the stages of ontogeny. Pregeneration of ontogeny is long-term. At the end of the senile state aboveground part of the plant dies off and go into the rest of the month of December. The ether oil has a varied composition: during the growing season dominated lactones, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes. Thus, we have shown in the chemical composition of ether oils from representatives of sections Schizocalyx kind of Nepeta L. Further detailed study of the chemical composition of the ether oils of various types of sections of the genus Nepeta L. can have hemotaksonamic value.

Vocal Variability and Dialectal Forms of Chaffinch Song (Fringilla Coelebs L.) in the Populations of the Central Part of European Russia Astakhova O. A. Questions of evolutionary development of vocalizations (songs, calls) in time and space of many species of birds already for a long time are mentioned in bioacoustics. Connection of geographical variability and structural features of vocalizations was one of the first preconditions of evolutionary hypotheses. Development of song cultures at species of birds with the big repertoires, having social training traditions, remains till now in many respects not clear. In article some features of formation of new song types of chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs L.) and their territorial distribution are considered.

Orchids Rare of Tempertate Zone and Modern Methods of Their Effective Preservation in Artificial Conditions Sheyko E. A. Along with the traditional techniques of plant preservation ex situ biotechnological methods used for these purposes are becoming more and more important. These work investigations dealt with the development and improvement of the methods of isolated rare and disappearing orchid tissue culture in order to apply them in the system of plant resources preservation and procreation. As a result there were obtained callus cultures of generative organs of Himantoglossum caprinum (Bieb.) C. Koch и Ophrys oestrifera M. Bieb. For the first time there was found the interrelation between the callusоgenesis from explants of orchid vegetative and generative organs and ratio of the phytohormonal complex components at the specific stages of the ontogenesis that must be taken into account during the development of methods of these species microclonal reproduction.

The Wood and Ohotpromyslovoe Use of the Baikal Natural Territory: the Aspect Connection of Logging to Hunting Tradeo Leontiev D. F. The interpretation of natural systems as objects of the corresponding of economy impact has executed. The condition of impact on the natural complexes has reflected. The forecast of their changes has given. The impact of logging on volumes of booty of hunting products has shown.

Diurnal Rhythm of Caloric Equivalent of the Body Mass Loss in the Coal Tit (Parus ater, Aves) in the Autumn-Winter Period Gavrilov V. V. Caloric equivalent of the body mass loss in the Coal Tit (Parus ater, Aves) in the autumn-winter period had a well pronounced diurnal rhythm with minimal values in the morning and maximum at night. The differences between minimum and maximum values of caloric equivalent of the body mass loss was 240%. Diurnal rhythm of caloric equivalent of the body mass loss had differences from the rhythms of other energetic characteristics and equal to the rhythm of the locomotor activity of Coal Tits.

The Morphometric Characteristic of the Wood Plants Growing in the Conditions of Impact of Vehicle Emissions Kolmogorova E. Y. It is established, that the pollution of crossroads by emissions of motor transport causes the deterioration of the morphometric characteristics of the studied plants. A more significant decrease in studied indicators was observed in plants growing near intersections, characterized by a high rate of the complex indicator. It is proved, that one of the reasons of reduction of morphometric characteristics of the studied plants and deterioration of their living conditions is the quantitative and qualitative composition of pollutant emissions from the road traffic.

The Assesment of the Cytokine Profile and the Enzymatic Activity of Gingival Crevicular Fluid at the Residents of Volgograd With Intact Perio-Dontium and in Patients With Mild Periodontitis Patrusheva M. S., Mikhalchenko v. F., Yakovlev A. T. The inclusion of biochemical and immunological analysis of gingival crevicular fluid in the complex examination of patients with periodontitis allows to increase the efficiency of the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. It is shown, that already in the early stages, periodontal disease are accompanied by considerable disorders of metabolism and local immune response, preceding clinical implications.

Intercommunication of Disbakteriosis and Allergic Diseases Parakhonsky A. P. The modern state of amicrobiocenosis intestines problem from the point of evidence — based medicine and interrelation of dysbacteriosis and allergic diseases is characterized. The important role of physiological micro flora and immune system interaction is shown. The attempt to estimate the influence of dysbacteriosis and intestine parasites on allergic diseases is made; mechanisms of modulation with the help probiotics on an allergic inflammation are described.

The Influence of Industrial Pollution on the Photosynthesis Of Some Trees Rakhimov T. U. In the article the pollution being emitted to the atmosphere by the industrial plants, which recycle gas and its affect to the photosynthesis indicator of fruitful and fruitless trees have been studied. According to the obtained information, in the level of activeness of fruitful trees they are as follows: quince> apple> almond, among planted trees they are located in the following location: mulberry> pine tree> willow> poplar> maple tree.

Effect of Mesorelif on Water and Physical Properties of Gray Forest Soils of Birch-Aspen Forest Reihert E. V., Ni E. U. The article examines the impact of meso-relief on the physical and water-physical properties of gray forest soils in birch-aspen forest on the slopes of the example of the northern and southern exposure. During the studies it was found that depending on the element of relief structural changes of the aggregate, the field moisture content, density and temperature of gray forest soils.

Some Features of the Effect of Ultrasound on Microorganisms Antusheva T. I. The article presents a review of current scientific and methodical literature characterizing the effects of ultrasound on biological objects. The mechanisms and some of the features of the influence of physical factors on microorganisms are described. The different biological effects occurring in bacteria under the influence of ultrasonic fields of different intensity and frequency are considered. The examples and prospects of practical application of ultrasonic technology in microbiology are given.

Astragalus Ponticus Pall. — Rare View of the Flora in Eastern Europe: Chorology Features and Ecologo-Cenotic Confinement Kucherevsky V. V., Baranets N. A., Sirenko T. V., Shol G. N., Demina O. N., Rogal L. L. The paper provides information on the results of the chorologic research A. ponticus in Eastern Europe: Moldova, Pridnestrovie, Russia, Ukraine. It is pointed out of characteristics of distribution of the species as a whole and in individual regions. Shown ecologo-cenotic confinement in different parts of the area.

Bioecological Features of Some Species Genus of Rhamnus L. in Arboretum NAS of Azerbaijan Abbasova Z. G. In the article is given data with seed propagate, features development and rhythm growth of species Rhamnus alaternus and Rh. dahurica. It was noted time flowering of one flower, inflorescence of the plants. In conditions of Apsheron these plant well growth and fructify. These species hot-forst resistance. Their may be use in landscape design, single, groups, fence and greenery.

Genetics of Type I Diabetes Ryzhkov P. A., Ryzhkova N. S., Konovalova R. V. Analysis of literary data on modern researches in the field of genetic predisposition to diabetes in article is presented. The data that obtained for the last years attempt was generalized and spent to the uniform hypothesis considering genetic, immunologic and external factors that influence to development of a type 1 diabetes.

150-th Anniversary Dokuchaev’s Pupils — Vernadsky V. I. and Williams V. R. From the Mind to the Sphere of Reason Trofimov I. A., Trofimova L. S., Yakovleva E. P. Eminent Russian scientists v. V. Dokuchaev, v. I. Vernadsky and v. R. Williams dedicated his life to solving important problems of a systemic approach to the study and reasonable, respect for the Earth. Their names associated major breakthrough in biology, geography, ecology, environmental management, agricultural research and development in practice of their results. Shows the crisis of agricultural lands of the planet, Russia, Central Chernozem region and the ways of environmental management in agriculture.

Petrol Products in Soil. Terminology and Definition of the Problem Okolelova A. A., Bezuglova O. S., Kasterina N. G. The term «oil products» can be defined both in technical and analytical ways. From a technical point of view, oil products (OP) are raw oils after the initial processing at the excavation facilities. Methods and definitions of water diagnostic limit the term «oil products» to soluble hydrocarbons. We propose to replace the term «organic carbon of oil toxicants» with «organic carbon of antropogenic origin». We furthermore suggest considering oil compounds as «organic pollutants» or xenobiotics. In the research it is suggested to calculate the oil content of the soils by the quantity of anthropogenic carbon. Additionally, the oil products accumulation factor (Kn) is suggested to use for an impartial assessment of the oil content in soils including the quality of their compounds.

The Influence of the Spatial Variability on the Goal-Directed Behavior Organization Serkova V. V., Nikolskaya K. A. The influence of the spatial variability on the goal-directed behavior organization in adult mice line F1 from DBA/2J and C57BL/6J was studied. It has been found that sudden change of initial structure of the maze during the moment of imprinting of spatial information has negatively affected on possibility to form the adaptive behavior in accordance with the offered task conditions. It is assumed that the constancy of the initial spatial information can be an system factor which together with the other will ensure the success of the cognitive process.

Spatio-Temporal Variability of Phytoplankton State of the Seversky Donets River Reshetnyak O. S. It was considered the variability of quantitative and qualitative indicators of phytoplankton communities in different parts of Seversky Donets. It is shown that the characteristic feature of the development of phytoplankton in period 2002–2011 is high variability of quantitative indicators, suggesting an unstable state community. In the composition of phytoplankton was recorded from 12 to 39 species, the dominant complex were compiled diatoms and green algae. Aquatic ecosystems are able to anthropogenic ecological stress by level of phytoplankton development.

Vernadsky Anniversary Bezuglova O. S. Vladimir Ivanonich Vernadsky has a 150-years anniversary in March, 2013. He was a remarkable thinker, natural scientist, and academician of Imperial Saint-Petersburg Academy of Science. Vernadsky’s anniversary has been included in the international calendar of memorable dates of 2013 by UNESCO. The editorial staff of the «Alive and Bio-Inert Systems» is proud to dedicate the March issue of the magazine to the researches based on the Vernadsy’ work.

Half-Forgotten but Very Important Work by V. I. Vernadsky in Soil Science and the Doctrine About Biosphere Dobrovolsky G. V. The author researches Vernadsky’s work «Living Matter In the Soil Creation», where he emphasizes the importance of this work for the theory of soil science. Vernadsky’s work has not lost its relevance in our time despite of being virtually unknown for a long time.

About the Relative Amount of the Living Matter in the Various Stages of the Evolution of the Biosphere Zakrutkin V. E. The article has shown that early periods of the Biosphere’s evolution had been the most productive in the development of all parameters in the life of the autotrophic organisms. Later on, the CO2 content — the fundamental agent of the photosynthesis — has permanently declined, the climatic conditions (the thermal regime and humidity) have grown worse, the mineral nutrition has decreases. In general, all this has become the reason of cumulative photosynthesis, the productivity of the Biosphere and the total mass of living organisms. The real substantiation of the presented hypothesis has become the results in the estimation of the rate of the organic matter accumulation at the various stages of the geological history.

Russian Zhiznechuvstvie as Sotsiogeografichesky Phenomenon Miklyaeva N. V. The article summarizes the results of interdisciplinary research in the field of social ecology. The author describes life as a phenomenon that unites the biosphere and the noosphere through zhiznechuvstvie (attitude). Zhiznechuvstvie shows how humanity can make the transition from the heterotrophic community in the autotrophic community.

V. I. Vernadsky and Biosphere in the Context of Ecological Formation in the Higher Educational Institutions Rukin M. D., Ivanov O. P. A historical certificate is Given about terminology. Development of human relations is rotined with an environment. The problem of ecology is selected. Discussion of this problem.

New Invasive Hymenoptera in the Rostov Region Artohin K. S., Ignatova P. K., Kolesnikov S. I., Reshetov A. A. The article provides information about finding of invasive organisms from different groups of insects on the territory of Rostov region. Their damage and distribution in Rostov region are observed. The propositions made for further study and monitoring of invasive species.

Ordination of Don Basin Psammophytic Vegetation Dmitriev P. A., Demina O. N. Unique to Russian Black Sea community psammophytic vegetation is situated in Rostov region. The paper provides information on the results of ordination analysis of Don basin psammophytic vegetation on sand massives. They are Reserves biodiversity.

Mercury Distribution in Bottom Sediments of the White Sea Fedorov Y. A., Ovsepyan A. E., Savitskiy V. A. The content of mercury in columns of the White Sea bottom sediments is in details studied for the first time. Common regularities of vertical distribution of mercury are revealed. Background concentration of total mercury, typical for bottom sediments of the White Sea and water objects of the basin of the White Sea are defined.

Simulation of Coorrelation the Elements of a Polydisperse Soil System Based on a Reference Standart Kryshchenko V. S., Rybianets T. V., Zamulina I. V., Biriukova O. A., Kravtsova N. E. The paper proves existence of a general principle of correlation and interdependence between the humus content in physical clay, humus content in soil and the dynamic balance constants of a polydisperse soil system that can be described as a mathematical model.

Outstanding Scientist and Patriot. On the 150th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Vernadsky Sizova M. G. Presents some of the key moments of scientific creativity scientist-encyclopedist V. I. Vernadsky. Considered the position of the scientist of the biosphere as a particular shell of the Earth and the noosphere as a natural stage in the evolution of the biosphere.

Information Technology Education in the Soil Sciences Stroganova M. N. In article approaches to creation of informatization infrastructure of education in soil sciences and feature of the organization of educational process at the present stage are considered. This application of electronic textbooks, network means, including Internet, test quality control of knowledge. Positive and negative lines of educational process in Bologna Process are considered. Examples of equipment and ways of teaching of a soil cover of the world and structure of a soil cover in connection with new requirements are described.

Effects of Combined Lead Contamonation and Alternating Magnetic Field on the Number of Sadny Soil Microorganisms Mazanko M.S. Kolesnikov S.I. Denisova T.V. Studied the effect of lead contamination, an alternating magnetic field, their combination on such groups of soil microorganisms, as ammonifying, amylolytic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and micromycetes. Pollution had a significant and different effect on the number of soil microorganisms. The nature and extent of this effect varied depending on the level of impact of each factor, and they were not linear.

Biogeosistem’s Techniques — Epistemological Foundation of Ecosystem’s Maintenance Kalinichenko V. P. The basement of global of biosphere dynamics and the long-term principles of geographical sphere protection and ecosystem’s management are proposed. An epistemological base of land use is the synthesis of long-term sustainable biogeosystems with reliably predictable properties and starting conditions of long-term operation of biogeosystem for a period of 30–50 years. The increase in biological production of the Earth is possible by creating a long-term soil conditions for root system of plants development, long-term stability and productivity of biogeosystem. The radically new subsurface pulse continuous-discrete paradigm of irrigation is revealed. The biogeosystem’s technique concept will provide an opportunity to synthesize in Russia the diversified innovative precedent of next high-technological structure of the current civilization of Earth. The theoretical foundations and application-oriented means to solve a problem of steady consistent management of biogeosystem and create in the soils the disperse systems of new quality, having changed a parity of processes of sedimentation, pedogenesis, lithogenegis for high efficiency of biologically active phase of soil in biosphere and to solve a problem of recreational biogeosystem’s technique are developed.

Influence of New Biologically Awake Preparation «Embrioprim» on Microbiocenosis of an Intestine of Dogs at an Experimental Dysbacteriosis Timchenko L., Gandraburova N. New biologically awake preparation «Embrioprim», recommended for correction of breaking of microbiocenosis of an intestine and elimination of functional distresses of an organism accompanying them at animals is developed and tested. The basic microbial ingredient of a preparation is sublimed culture Lactobacillus acidophilus ЕР 317\402 ЕР 317\402, and not microbial substance is introduced by the activated is embryonal-egg mass of hens and auxiliary ingredients (the minced shell of an egg and amber acid). Embrioprim on obligate, and also overwhelming action the expressed positive impact makes on a pathogenic microflora of an intestine of experimental animals that testifies to its high symbiotic properties.

Number and Mean Frequency of Species on Sites of Natural and Synanthropic Subalpine Plant Communities of West Caucassus Akatov V. V., Akatova T. V., Chefranov S. G. For detecting density compensation effect in subalpine plant communities of West Caucasus the relationship between number and mean frequency of species in plots 15–16 m2 were analyzed, using a computer simulation models. The results demonstrated that 1) communities with low species richness can be characterized by, as low, so and high mean frequency of species; 2) relatively high mean frequency of species exist mainly in isolated plant communities; 3) the anthropogenic transformation of natural subalpine plant communities in grazed-over area has not caused broad spreading the density compensation effect.

Norms for Arsenic’s Contamination of Soil Bezuglova O. S., Okolelova A. A. In our research we identify inaccuracy in assessment of low-degree arsenic’s contamination based on two background values to MPC, because the MPC is calculated in terms of exceeding background values higher on 2 mg/kg. We evaluate the low-degree arsenic’s contamination of soils as the difference between background values and MPC. Another informative assessment of arsenic’s accumulation in soils includes analysis of ratio of its concentration to the regional background value. In case if the regional background value is unknown, the assessment employs the ratio of arsenic’s concentration to Clark (CC). However, CC doesn’t have the classification scale. That fact reduces its benefits as useful assessment tool of soil contamination’s degree. In our article we devise CC’s classification scale that works for the assessment purposes.

Sunflower Chlorophyll Mutations Induced by N-Nitrosomethylurea and Character of Its Inheritance I. Variegated Mutants Usatov A.V. , Kolokolova N.S., Rogkova O.K., Usatova O.A., Chesnokova N.A., Fedorova M.A., Plotnikov v. G. Variegated mutants of the sunflower chlorophyll mutant collection of Southern federal university were studied. Its uniqueness consists in the fact that it was worked out on the base of one inbred line. Secondly, only one mutagen (N-nitrosomethylurea) was used for mutation inductions. Variegated mutants are characterized by leaves having white, yellow and yellow-green sectors of the various sizes and forms. Chlorophyll deficient sectors may be caused by some reasons in green plants. However, long-term researches of induced variegated mutants showed that they met the classic criteria of plastid inheritance. They are characterized by permanent somatic segregation, one-parental maternal inheritance of mutant character, defects of plastid structure and functions, presence of heteroplastid cells on the borderline between normal and mutant tissues.

Mn content and distribution in southern chernozem during cultivation of various crops. The results of investigations of manganese content and distribution in Haplic Chernozem agrocenoses of the central irrigated zone of Rostov region are given.  Soil samples were taken by genetic horizons from 5 full-profile transects: 2 – under winter wheat; 2 – under vine plants; 1 – under clean fallow. Acetate-ammonium buffer solution was used to determine mobile Mn compounds in soil, followed by application of atomic absorption spectrometry. The total content of the element was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis on the device "Spectroscan MAKS-GV". It was found that the content of manganese, both gross and mobile, in the Haplic Chernozem corresponds to the background level and does not exceed permissible concentrations. The low mobility of biomicroelement (1,6 -5,0 % of total) is a regional feature of soil. Biological features of cultivated crops determine the content of mobile compounds of manganese. The general regularity in distribution of gross and mobile compounds of Mn in Haplic Chernozem, caused by biogenic accumulation in the upper part of humus horizon, has been revealed. The peculiarities of intraprofile differentiation of gross and mobile manganese by genetic horizons of Haplic Chernozem have been established: for gross manganese a smooth decrease down the profile, for its mobile compounds – accumulation in the upper humus horizons, then a sharp decrease with an increasing  the alkalinity of the soil solution.

Anthropogenic Factors Determining the Nature of the Absheron Industrial Region Urbanized Territory – Sumgait – Baku Cities Eng. Anthropogenic Factors Determining the Nature of the Absheron Industrial Region Urbanized Territory – Sumgait – Baku Cities Bagirova Chinara Z. Institute of Microbiology of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku Abstract: The article considers anthropogenic and technogenic factors that affect the ecological state of the landscapes of the Absheron industrial region and the components of the ecosystems of Sumgait and Baku-soil, atmosphere, and water. In the highly urbanized territory of the Absheron industrial region in the areas of the Sumgait-Baku cities, the main sources of pollution are emissions from petrochemical, chemical, machine-building and other industries, oil production in the territories adjacent to the city, and motor transport. A systematic analysis of the state of the territory of the Absheron industrial region showed that the low level of assimilation capacity of the environment of the studied region is primarily determined by a high degree of urbanization, arid climate, low ecosystem weight and low natural biodiversity, which determines a high level of sensitivity to pollution and low oxygen reproductive capacity – only 0.8 million tons / year, associated with weak vegetation cover (covered with natural ephemeral vegetation only in spring and autumn), an increase in the ground water level, low bioclimatic potential, unfavorable water-thermal regime, lack of surface water, runoff, the presence of highly mineralized, polluted reservoirs, the characteristic unstable relationship between individual components in landscapes and the lack of mutual compensation between them.

Fractional composition of mineral phosphates in Haplic Chernozem with different cultivation methods Fractional composition of mineral phosphates in Haplic Chernozem with different cultivation methods Kuchmenko E.V.1, Biryukova O.A.1, Kamenev R.A.2 Medvedeva A.M. 1 1 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia 2 Don Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture, Rassvet, Russia;   Abstract: The fractional composition of mineral phosphates in the soil depends on its genetic features and the impact of various factors on the soil, including anthropogenic factors. The purpose of this research is to study the fractional composition of mineral phosphates in Haplic Chernozem under different tillage techniques. The research was carried out as a field experiment on the territory of CJSC Novobatayskaya of Kagalnitskiy district, Rostov region. The scheme of experiment consists from 1) ploughing (25-27 cm), 2) discing (10-12 cm), 3) chiseling (no-tillage to a depth of 25-27 cm). Experimental crop is winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). The soil is Haplic Chernozem carbonate thick clayey on loess loam. Soil samples were taken before sowing and in the phase of winter wheat emergence at layers: 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100 cm. Fractional composition of mineral phosphates in the soil was determined by the Chang and Jackson method modified by Ginzburg-Lebedeva; total phosphorus was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. It was found that the Haplic Chernozem is characterized by a rather high potential of phosphorus supply to plants nutrition. Before sowing winter wheat, the content of total P2O5 varies from 0.17 to 0.19 %. Mineral phosphates in the top layer of Haplic Chernozem carbonate account for 42.0-43.0 % of total phosphorus during chiseling and discing, and 32.0 % of total phosphorus during moldboard ploughing. During the emergence phase, their amount decreased slightly due to intensive use by plants. The main share of mineral phosphates in Haplic Chernozem, regardless of the cultivation method, is represented by high-basic calcium phosphates (Ca-PIII), which is due to genetic features of the soil. The solubility of calcium phosphates decreases with depth. No-tillage methods (discing and chiseling) increase the content and availability of mineral phosphates to plants in Haplic Chernozem compared with the ploughing. However, the observed effect according to the results of the first year of research is not significant, indicating the need for multi-year studies.

Drought resistance of species of the genus Acer L. from the collection of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University in the extreme drought year 2020 Drought resistance of species of the genus Acer L. from the collection of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University in the extreme drought year 2020 Fedorinova Ol'ga I., Kozlovskij Boris L., Kuropjatnikov Mihail V. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia   Abstract: According to the value of the hydrothermal index (HTI) G. T. Selyaninova Rostov-on-Don is located in the arid area (0,7 – 0,8). Drought usually begins in mid, or in late summer. In the steppe zone for introduction into the culture of woody plants monitoring of development during drought is important. This gives the most complete characterization of their properties and decorative longevity. From the complex of ecological and biological properties of woody introduced species (winter hardiness, drought resistance, resistance to pests and diseases, seed reproduction) drought resistance is considered an essential property. The aim of the research was to assess the severity of drought in typical and atypical years using HTI; to give a comparative assessment of the drought resistance of woody plants in the collection of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University using the example of the genus Acer L. According to the value HTI (<0,6), drought in 2020 was extreme. The complete absence of precipitation was observed for more than 2,5 months from August to mid-October. Thirteen maples showed average resistance to drought (grading 3). Two species were found to be weakly drought-resistant. The results of assessing the drought resistance of species in the extreme drought in 2020 showed that 15 maples are the most drought resistance and decorative longevity (30-50 years): Acer campestre, A. monspessulanum, A. monspessulanum subsp. ibericum, A. opalus, A. pentapomicum, A. platanoides, A. platanoides ‘Schwedleri’, A. platanoides ‘Globosum’, A. pseudoplatanus, A. pseudoplatanus ‘Purpureum’, A. saccharinum, A. tataricum, A. tataricum subsp. aidszuense, A. tataricum subsp ginnala, A. truncatum.

Meta-analysis of the association of polymorphic variants of the FTO, LPL, LIPC, PON1 genes with the risk of obesity in children and adolescents Meta-analysis of the association of polymorphic variants of the FTO, LPL, LIPC, PON1 genes with the risk of obesity in children and adolescents 123Marakhovskaya Tatiana Alekseevna,14Alaa Hashim Abd Ali, 1Amelina Maria Alexandrovna, 1Lyangasova Olga Vladislavovna, 1Alexandrova Angela Aslanovna, 1Mashkina Elena Vladimirovna tmarakhovskaya@mail.ru 1South Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia 2CL Medical Group, Krasnodar, Russia 3Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russia 4Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University , Kufa, Iraq     Abstract Background: To the best of author’s knowledge, presently there are no papers on the relationship of polymorphism of the FTO, LPL, LIPC, PON1 genes with the risk of obesity in children and adolescents. The relevance of this area of research is dictated by the high prevalence of obesity not only in the adult population, but also in children. The aim of this work is to study the potential relationship between the polymorphisms of the PON1 Q192R, LIPC -250G> A, LPL Ser447Ter, FTO A23525T genes and the risk of obesity, atherosclerosis, and diabetes in children and adolescents in Europe and the European part of Russia by means of meta-analysis. Methods. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the results of 9 case-control studies meeting the selected criteria has been carried out. The meta-analysis included 3603 people, divided into groups: children and adolescents with obesity or overweight — 1,877 people and children and adolescents who made up the control group, with normal weight or underweight — 1,726 people. Results. For rs9939609 of the FTO gene, a 2-fold increased risk of obesity for homozygotes for allele A was revealed (p <0.0001). Statistically significant differences for children and adolescents with obesity and normal weight were found for the dominant and recessive inheritance patterns (p <0.0001). Conclusions. Analysis of genotype frequencies in girls revealed statistically significant differences for homozygotes for allele A (p = 0.00268). For the recessive inheritance model, significant differences were found in boys and girls. The odds ratios for the A23525A genotype for girls and boys with obesity and normal weight were 1.74 (p = 0.0022) and 1.65 (p = 0.0094), respectively.

Cadastral value of agricultural soils in Rostov region Eng. Cadastral value of agricultural soils in Rostov region Sapozhnikov P. M., Shekhter K. P. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Abstract: The research demonstrates the cadastral value calculation sensitivity to different soil-geographical conditions of the Rostov region. The maximum values are noted for ordinary chernozems (Calcic Chernozem by WRB, 2015 [14])  of the fifth agro-climatic subzone, with the cadastral value reaching 31 rubles/m2. The minimum values are marked for the seventh and eighth agroclimatic subzones, where the minimum indicators of the humidity factor and agroecological potential are marked. The cadastral value of southern chernozems (Calcic Chernozem by WRB, 2015, too) ranges from 9,1 to 11,4 rubles/m2 and the cadastral value of chestnut  soils and dark chestnut soils (Kastanozems) ranges from 8,4 to 8,8 rubles/m2. Salinization resulted in the cadastral value decreasing of chernozems and meadow-chernozemic soils (Gleyic Chernozem), chestnuts, meadow-chestnut soils (Gleyic Kastanozems) and dark chestnut soils down to 75 %. The lowest rates of the cadastral value are noted for light chestnut soils (with signs of alkalization) and solonetz – from 1,1 to 0,1 rubles/m2. The article is prepared on the basis of governmental task: «The physical basis of the soils ecological functions: monitoring technologies, forecasting, and management».

RARE PLANT SPECIES IN THE TERRITORIES OF PROTECTED LANDSCAPES OF THE ROSTOV REGION RARE PLANT SPECIES IN THE TERRITORIES OF PROTECTED LANDSCAPES OF THE ROSTOV REGION Fedyaeva Valentina Vasilievna, Shmaraeva Antonina Nikolaevna, Shishlova Zhanna Nikolaevna, Kuzmenko Inna Petrovna Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; vfedyaeva@gmail.com Abstract: Rostov Region is located in the steppe zone, which is the most transformed type of zonal landscape in Northern Eurasia. The problem of preserving biological diversity in the Rostov region is being solved by developing a network of specially protected natural areas (SPNA). Currently, there are 84 specially protected natural areas in the Rostov region with a total area of 233,49 thousand hectares, which is 2,32 % of the region's territory. The biological diversity of plants and fungi was determined in protected areas of the category «protected landscapes», including species included in the Red List of the Rostov region. Protected landscapes are natural complexes with an area of more than 100 hectares of both natural and artificial origin, representing environmental, educational, aesthetic, and scientific value. Protected landscapes are available in 17 out of 43 administrative districts of the Rostov region. The total area of protected landscapes is 21,51 thousand hectares. This amounts to 9,2 % of the total area of SPNA operating in the Rostov region. At least 1263 species of plants and rare fungi grow on the territories of protected landscapes, including 139 species listed in the Red List of the Rostov Region (50,9 % of the total number of «Red List» objects of the region), including 31 species listed in the Red List of the Russian Federation (60,8 % of the total number of «Red List» federal objects growing on the territory of the Rostov region). The concentration on a relatively small area of protected landscapes of a significant number of plants and fungi listed in the Red Lists of the Rostov Region and the Russian Federation indicates their high conservation value.

Mapping of anthropogenic landscapes of the taiga belt in the south of Western Siberia in order to determine the ecological and soil status Mapping of anthropogenic landscapes of the taiga belt in the south of Western Siberia in order to determine the ecological and soil status Dvurechenskiy Vadim G. Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin); Russia; E-mail: dvu-vadim@mail.ru Dvurechenskaya Valeria V. Moscow State University of Technology and Management; Russia Abstract: The aim of the work was to map the anthropogenic landscape created in the mountain taiga in the south of Western Siberia as a result of mining operations in coal mining, to determine its ecological and soil status.  The study was carried out by laying 10 m long transects, to fix the lengths of the section of one or another anthropogenic habitat crossed by the transect with the corresponding outline. The article reflects the features of the formation of soil cover in anthropogenic landscapes, which genetically sharply differ from the soil cover of natural landscapes. In disturbed ecosystems, as a result of self-overgrowing, various types of embryozems are formed; in natural ecosystems, deep podzolic soddy soils are determined in natural ecosystems under the black taiga, and brown taiga soils under secondary forests. Mapping showed that during natural self-restoration in anthropogenic landscapes, a mosaic specific soil cover is formed, which includes embryozems: initial, organo-accumulative, sod and humus-accumulative soil cover. The ecological and soil status of the flattened areas under herbaceous vegetation (plots 1 and 3) is good and satisfactory, since after 50 years from the moment of the initial phase of anthropogenesis, embryozems of late evolutionary stages – sod and humus-accumulative, predominate in the soil cover. The ecological and soil status of slope surfaces (plot 2) and areas under trees (plot 4) is unsatisfactory, but it has some development prospects. The ecological and soil status of the entire landscape can be considered satisfactory. Trends in the direction of soil development have been determined. In the near future, the soil cover is expected to form: on graded areas – humus-accumulative embryozems, under trees – various subtypes of organo-accumulative embryozems (burozem-like, pseudopodzolized). In the distant future it is predicted: in flat areas under taiga forbs – rough-humus mountain soils, under tree and shrub vegetation – brown mountain taiga soils.

Eng. Genetic characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Novikova Irina Alekseevna1 1 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Annotation: This review describes the genetic characteristics of the virus, the main ways to diagnose COVID-19 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a single-stranded RNA molecule, the length of the virus genome varies from 29.8 kbp. up to 29.9 kb Comparative genomic analysis showed that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the group of beta-coronaviruses and is very close to SARS-CoV. Initial comparative genomic analysis showed that SARS-CoV-2 is almost 79% identical to SARS-CoV and 50% identical to the MERS-CoV virus. Based on homologous modeling studies, SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be 96.2% homologous to BatCoV RaTG13, a bat coronavirus of the genus Rhinolophus affinis. Studies to establish the origin of SARS-CoV-2 have shown that random mutation and recombination are two main sources of the genetic diversity of this virus. Recently published works show that the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 mutations is approximately the same as in the SARS-CoV genome (0.80-2.38 × 10-3 nucleotide substitutions per site per year). The most common types of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome are synonymous and missense mutations. Mutations of other types were also found in the SARS-CoV-2 genome: nonsense mutations, insertions, deletions, mutations of non-coding DNA. At least seven genetically independent clones have been found that have acquired a mutation at one specific site Q677H or Q677P of the Spike virus spike protein gene.

Decomposition of leaf litter in case of zinc contamination of Calcic Chernozem and the effect of the humic solution BIO-Don on this process Eng. Decomposition of leaf litter in case of zinc contamination of Calcic Chernozem and the effect of the humic solution BIO-Don on this process Bezuglova O.S., Gorbov S.N., Korban V.A., Mikhailova E.A., Pirgulian E.A., Skripnikov P.N., Tagiverdiev S.S., Fedorets D.G., Sherstnev A.K. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract: In a model experiment, the decomposition of white poplar leaf litter in the humus-accumulative horizon of Calcic Chernozem was studied. Experimental choice included artificial contamination with a zinc sulfate solution, as well as watering with water with a humic solution. The duration of the experiment is 1 month. After this period, soil and decaying litter were taken. The total content of zinc in the soil was determined by X-ray fluorescence method and the amount of mobile zinc compounds in the acetate-ammonia extract was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy, as well as the state of structural units by dry and wet sieving. In an aqueous extract from decaying leaf litter, the content of carbon and nitrogen was determined. It was found that watering with water containing a humic solution promotes the acceleration of the decomposition and humification of leaf litter: the concentration of carbon in the extract from the decomposing litter increases, as well as the value of the chromaticity coefficient. The addition of zinc sulfate with irrigation water led to a high degree of soil degradation, and this reduced the rate of decomposition of plant residues. The combined addition of zinc sulfate and the humic solution accelerates the decomposition of plant litter, practically eliminating the negative effect of zinc pollution on this process. When humic fertilization is applied to the soil, there is a significant increase in the percentage of agronomically valuable aggregates and a convincing increase in the value of the structural coefficient. Zinc contamination practically does not affect the results of dry sieving, but it sharply increases the water resistance of the aggregates to the destructive action of water.

Genetic aspects of fetal growth restriction. Eng. Genetic aspects of fetal growth restriction. Dema Alset Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a multifactorial pregnancy-related syndrome that causes serious and dangerous short-term and long-term outcomes due to inappropriate intrauterine development of fetal organs. According to latest statistics, FGR frequency in Russian Federation is 5 % to 17,5 % among full-term infants and even more among premature newborns. This incidence is still growing due to the absence of united diagnostic or therapeutic protocols. Moreover, FGR etiology is not fully understood though it has been linked to many mechanisms and signaling pathways. Genetic factors have been found to play an important role in FGR, but the exact effect of them are still unknown. Currently, many studies are focused on finding the most reliable genetic marker for FGR since it could be helpful for prenatal prognosis and thus for improving fetal growth during pregnancy. In this article, recent findings about FGR were analyzed with an emphasis on the role of genetic factors in the formation of this syndrome and many genetic candidates studied in various researches as associated with it. Chromosomal abnormalities were found to be associated with early FGR while genetic mutations and polymorphisms of many genes were more abundant in late cases. Candidates genes include growth hormone and Insulin-like growth factors genes, coagulation-related genes, cytokines and others. Moreover, recent studies have found association of non-coding genes and epigenetics with FGR mechanisms. Further studies are required to figure out the effect of each genetic factor and thus reach the critical prenatal genetic markers of FGR.

Mathematical modeling of lactation curves of dairy animals Mikailsoy Fariz Faculty of Agriculture, Iğdır University, 76000, Iğdır, Turkey (e-mail: fariz.m@igdir.edu.tr )  Abstract An overview of mathematical models on cattle lactation is herein provided. A technique for constructing lactation curves using logical assumption and Verhulst’s logistic function for predicting the cows’ milk production is described. A new modeling lactation method that is based on solving the equation that describes the rate of change of milk production, depending on time elapsed since calving is presented. The statistical parameters of the adequacy of the models recommended in the literature for describing the lactation curve of cows and our proposed models were calculated Approximation accuracy allows for the identification of models that most reliably describe the lactation curve in the example of cattle.

Method for calculating the average expected heterozygosity of cenopopulations of Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae) from different ecotopes Chokheli Vasiliy A., Kozlovsky Boris L., Dmitriev Pavel A., Rajput Vishnu D., Stepanenko Victoriya V., Azarov Anatoly S., Bakulin Semyon D., Varduni Tatyana V. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; vachokheli@sfedu.ru      Abstract: The article describes two methodological approaches for calculating the average expected heterozygosity of cenopopulations of Quercus robur from different ecotopes. The studied 13 cenopopulations of pedunculate oak in the Rostov region, depending on the conditions of their growth, were divided into three ecotopes. The ecotope of bayrachny forests is tree stands that grow only on the slopes of gullies (bayraks). The ecotope of arena forests is the stands of trees located on arenas (sandy massifs of above-floodplain terraces). The ecotope of floodplain forests is a cenopopulation located in the floodplain of a river. The genetic characteristics of cenopopulations were studied by PCR using five oligonucleotide primers. The method of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR analysis) was used. In the first method, the average expected heterozygosity of cenopopulations of Quercus robur from different ecotopes was calculated using a weighted average analysis, averaging data for each cenopopulation included in the ecotope. In the second calculation method, we combined the studied allelic variants (binary matrices) for each cenopopulation into three clusters (ecotopes), and the resulting total matrices were recalculated using the PopGen program. The average values of expected heterozygosity cenopopulations of Quercus robur for each ecotope were compared in pairs using the t-test. All ecotopes calculated based on the weighted average analysis are characterized by significant differences in the level of expected heterozygosity (He) at the significance level p=0.05. All ecotopes calculated based on common matrices are characterized by significant differences in the level of expected heterozygosity (He) at the significance level p=0.01. The purpose of this work is to conduct a comparative analysis of the two proposed methods for calculating the average expected heterozygosity of cenopopulations of Quercus robur from different ecotopes.