25.00.36. Геоэкология

Agrochemical characteristics of mining-heap complexes with various substrata Agrochemical characteristics of mining-heap complexes with various substrata Dmitrakova Y.A., Abakumov E.V. Saint-Petersburg State University Russia, dmitrakovay.a@gmail.com Abstract: With the aim to evaluate of key agrochemical soil characteristics 8 mining-heap complexes were investigated on example of mines for exploitation building materials.  The study sites were located in Leningrad, Novgorod and Tula regions. Objects are presented by 3 limestones, 3 sandy-gravel, 1 phosphorite and 1 fireproof clays mines. All the quarries were presented by maximal diverse ecotopes, where soil pits were created and sampling were conducted.  Soil acidity, total organic carbon and available forms of phosphorous, potassium, ammonia and nitrates were determined in the lab. Data obtained showed that content of nutrients variates within the soil profile depth and this fact illustrate unhomogenety of substrata on heaps. All the ground characteristics are favorable for vegetation development. The only exception was fixed for soil on the pyrite containing ground with extremely acid reaction.  The nutrients content and pH values were strongly affected by relief and reclamation technology, at least it was more pronounced than type of parent material. Despite on popular opinion that substrate of mines are usually poor in terms of nutriens content, in our study their content was comparable or even higher that in natural soils.    

Air masses and pollution transport to some Northern regions of European Russia were studied with trajectory statistics. We used EMEP data on lead and cadmium emissions to the atmosphere from Europe in 2010-2014. This dataset is most suitable for current investigation aiming to separate the contributions to pollution of the Northern Russia environment from sources of European part of Russia (1) and from the rest European territories (2). In some years at some points contributions (2) may be sizable (up to 50% and more), but as a whole the North of European Russia is polluted by the own Russian anthropogenic sources. As calculated, spatial, seasonal, and interannual variations in environmental pollution may be as high as 10 times and more. Spatial variations are determined by different distances between investigation points and the main sources of pollutants. Seasonal variations in air concentrations depend on the difference in deposition velocities for different seasons. Interannual variations in pollution level in Northern regions are caused by diversity of atmospheric circulation pattern, and (in less degree) by emission differences from year to year.

The content of mortmass and biodynamics of arable soil under conditions of real agrotechnology in Siberia Eng. The content of mortmass and biodynamics of arable soil under conditions of real agrotechnology in Siberia Danilova A.A.Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Novosibirsk oblast. Krasnoobsk, a/b 356Danilova7alb@yandex.ru Abstract:We reviewed the literature data and the results of our own research in order to show the dependence of the ecologically significant biological properties of the soil on the content of the mortmass. The transfer of virgin soil to arable land leads to the mineralization of mobile organic matter stocks. In the long-term arable soil, all properties, including biological ones, stabilize at a lower level in comparison to the virgin soil. The use of fertilizers for plant nutrition can increase the total soil organic carbon content by only 0.1-0.2%. But the increase of mortmass carbon content can be more significant. Consequently, we have the opportunity to influence the biodynamics of the soil by changing of plant residues amount in the soil. In conditions of 4 grain-crop rotations, the influence of 4 doses of stubble wheat residues (2,2; 6,5; 7,2; 9,5 t/ha in year) on soil properties was studied. In 10 years after the beginning of the observations, the amount of mortmass was accordingly equal to 400, 690, 880, 1040 mg С/kg. The indicators of the biological activity of the soil increased by about 30-50%The relationship between the biological activity indicators and the detoxification activity of the soil was not straightforward.The most optimal dose of plant residues from ecological and agrotechnological positions was a dose equal to 6,5 t / ha, which provided detoxification of pesticides within the current growing season. Thus, there is the posibility to optimize the ecotoxicological situation in the arable soil at the expense of the agrocenosis's own resources.

Diurnal changes of weight and fat reserves in the Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus, Aves) during winter period Eng. Diurnal changes of weight and fat reserves in the Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus, Aves) during winter period Gavrilov Vadim V. S.N. Skadovsky Zvenigorod Biological Station, Biology department of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,119991 Moscow, Russia; vadimgavrilov@yandex.ru Research was carried out in 1999 - 2018 at Zvenigorod Biological Station (the Moscow Region, Russia, 55o44' N, 36o51' E). Birds were caught by mist-nets. All the birds were banded, fat reserves and weight were determined and then birds were released. In total 58 Eurasian blue tit were caught. The daily rhythm of body weight of Eurasian blue tits can be divided into two periods: from 8 to 13 hours and from 13 to 19 hours. The body weight in the second half of the day - from 13 to 19 hours - is significantly higher than at other times. At night, the body weight of birds decreases. Fat reserves of Eurasian blue tits are maximal at the end of the day, with the last evening hours practically unchanged. Between 16 and 19 hours fat reserves are higher than at other times. Fat reserves decrease throughout the night and continue to decrease in the morning, reaching a minimum at 12 hours, after which they increase.

New information on the genetic differentiation of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882. Eng.  New information on the genetic differentiation of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882. Maltsev A.N. ¹, Stakheev V.V. 2, Bogdanov A.S.3, Panasyuk N.V. 2, Kotenkova E.V. ¹ ¹Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia;aleks.maltcev@gmail.com ²Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia ³Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Abstract: New results on phylogenetics and phylogeny of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882 were obtained. The eastern boundary of this species is  traced in Russia through the territories of the Kursk, Belgorod and Rostov regions. The objectives of the study: assessment of genetic variability and analysis of phylogenetic relationships between the populations of the mound-building mice in the eastern part of the range, which was insufficiently studied in this respect. As a result of phylogenetic analysis, we found that there are two phylogroups of mound-building mice - eastern and western. The first includes individuals of M. spicilegus from the eastern part of the range (Moldova, Crimea, Rostov Region), the second one – animals from central and southern Europe (Austria, Montenegro, Serbia, Greece). Earlier, subspecies of mound-building mice in southern Europe was identified – M. s. adriaticus. On the phylogenetic tree in our work, this subspecies is allocated to a separate phylogroup. The first phylogroup is ancestral from the Balkan Peninsula, which has a higher genetic diversity, the second one located in the eastern part of the range, characterized by low genetic variability.

Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus and C.rutilus) reaction to house mouse odor in large enclosures Eng.  Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus and C.rutilus) reaction to house mouse odor in large enclosures Osipova Olga V. 1, Kozhukhantseva Ekaterina A. 2, Kotenkova Elena V. 1 1A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russia Abstract: House mice have got hard odor which seems to protect their territory from the other rodent species. Peculiarities of bank and red voles’ reaction to house mouse odor put upon traps were studied. Visual observations of voles’ behavior near traps with and without mouse odor were conducted in large (120 sq. m) enclosures where voles lived in groups. Species, sex and social status was found to be significant for the type of the reaction. Voles of both species with high social ranks got into the traps with equal frequency and stayed there for equal time. Bank vole males with low social rank avoided traps with the odor. By contrast red vole females preferred to stay in these traps.         

To the knowledge of some species of the genus Paederidus Mulsant & Rey, 1878 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from the Western Palaearctic Eng. To the knowledge of some species of the genus Paederidus Mulsant & Rey, 1878 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from the Western Palaearctic   Khachikov Eduard A. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia. e_hachikov@mail.ru Abstract We studied the morphology of endofallus of species Paederidus ruficollis (Fabricius, 1777), P. sanguinicollis (Motchulsky, 1860), P. punctiventris Scheerpeltz, 1957, P. rubrothoracicus (Goeze, 1777) and related forms from the Caucasus, Europe, Turkey and Algeria in this paper. This allowed is making additions to the European fauna of the genus Paederidus Mulsant & Rey, 1878: selected the new subspecies P. ruficollis carpaticus subsp. n. from the Western Ukraine. And just to clarify the species composition of the same genus in the Northern Caucasus, is including three species: Paederidus caucasicus Scheerpeltz, 1957, nom. resurr. = P. sanguinicollis (Motschulsky, 1860), syn. n.; P. punctiventris and Paederidus sp. 1, and excluded from the fauna of this region species – Paederidus ruficollis and P. rubrothoracicus.  

170 years since the birth of V.V. Dokuchaev Bezuglova Olga Stepanovna Abstract: March 1, 2016 marks 170 years since the birth of  V.V. Dokuchaev – an outstanding scientist, naturalist, founder of soil science. His views, theoretical and practical research influenced the development of a number of related disciplines, as well as the later appearance of such sciences as the doctrine of the biosphere and biogeochemistry.   Dokuchaev's ideas to restore the fertility of chernozem  steppes, which were implemented, have slowered the rapid degradation of the soil, but the situation remains difficult. In this regard, one of the urgent tasks of modern soil science is to increase public awareness of the importance of soils for food security and the implementation of essential ecosystem functions.

Global warming and its regional implications for the European part of Russia The article examines trends in global and regional climate, the forecast of their likely future changes, and the possible implications of these changes for economic activity in that region.

Modification of the nutrient medium to produce a pure culture of mushrooms of genus Pleurotus We investigated creation of the nutrient medium for extracting a pure culture of Basidiomycetes of genus Pleurotus – perspective producers of physiologically active substances.

The role of shooting range on information content of ecosystems space pictures of lands of agricultural purpose Berezin Leonid Vladimirovich Abstract: The efficiency of the analysis of a range of the reflected solar radiation in space pictures of the grain crops and laylands, which are planned to repeated development, increases at a clustering on light reflection intensity. The spectral curve of the allocated classes is defined by a shooting range. Its maximum information content is reached at the stage of pictures synthesizing at a priority of infrared range of a range of reflection of solar radiation, in comparison with its visible short-wave part.

The influence of temperature factor on spontaneous contact interaction of lymphocytes with granulocytes Revealed the effect of temperature factor on spontaneous contact interaction of lymphocytes with granulocytes. It is established that this cellular interaction in vitro is implemented in the form of three different types, the intensity of which is related to the temperature parameters of the joint incubation of these cells.

Special features of highly technological processing of the tomatoes  In the food branches of the industry of many countries the tomatoes are considered as the most popular culture because of the valuable nourishing and dietetic qualities, the wide variety of types, high responsiveness to the methods of cultivation used. However, the state of technology and equipment for processing of tomato raw material existing at present requires further development and improvement.  Canning industry is the branch forming the budget of the republic of Daghestan. To 30  % the financial means of republic it comes from that processing, including from canning industry. However, according to the quality indicators and using the methods of packing the canning production, manufactured in the republic thus far cannot compete with the analogous production on the international market. In many respects the low competitive ability of domestic tomato products determines the irrational relationship between price and quality of the manufactured articles. To increase the quality of canning output and to reduce its prime cost is possible due to the thorough selection of the types of tomatoes and use of highly technological production processes. In the scientific arsenal of the technologists of  Daghestan State Technical University and Kuban State University of Technology has already been located high technologies and pour on the mechanisms of action on the qualitative composition of the tomato raw material of multi-frequency electromagnetic and ultrasonic. By the large potential of highly technological working of raw material possess the methods of the preparative separation of the components of raw material the liquified and compressed gases. New technological methods make it possible to produce production without the preservatives, the fillers, the chemical, undesirable aromatic substances and other additives. In this work we propose effective means of the solution of this problem in the use of physical, physical chemistry and chemical methods of action on the tomato raw material, semifinished products, auxiliary materials and finished production. They include the electromagnetic field of low and superhigh frequencies, ultrasound, the SO2- working, utilized in other branches industries.

SPOROBOLUS CRYPTANDRUS (TORR.) A. GRAY (GRAMINEAE) – INVASIVE SPECIES OF FLORA IN THE ROSTOV REGION O.N. Demina, L.L. Rogal, S.R. Mayorov   In the Rostov region (Russia), in the sand in the river valleys of the Seversky Donets, Derkul and Kalitva it was discovered Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr) A. Gray. – North American adventive species. In recent years, recorded an increase in its population, which is related to the increase of anthropogenic load, including the resumption of active use of these territories as the grazed areas. At the same time, the fight against the settling of alien species that may subsequently become dangerous quarantine weeds, more cost-effective in the early stages of infestation. In view of this, an urgent need to pay close attention to the study of the biology and ecology of  S. cryptandrus. In the near future it is important to carry out an assessment of limiting fact affecting its size and the speed of the processes of invasion species.

The influence of SO2 on the plate of the leaves of planted trees In the article the influence of SO2 on the morphometric indicator of leaf plates of some planted trees has been researched. According to the gathered information the morphometric indicator of leaf plates and its connection with the concentration of sulphur in the atmosphere have been envisioned.

Role of inhalation of Abisib (water extract of Abies sibirica needles) in correcting the functional characteristics and productivity of broiler chickens in intensive poultry farms. Our studies have shown that the use of Abisiba (water extract of Abies sibirica needles) elevates erythrocyte count in peripheral blood in the experimental group of chickens. Average live weight in the experimental group (by 7%) and higher survival rate (by 6.5%), per cent concerning the control group that certainly shows the effectiveness using of Abisib in condition of intensive rearing of broiler - chickens.

The daily and seasonal activity of South Siberian brown bear (Ursus arctos baicalensis) in the area of artificial feeding in the Baikal region The article summarizes the results of hunting industry monitoring of brown bears (Ursus arctos baicalensis) (Litvinov, 2000) with automatic surveillance camera at the experimental site of training experimental hunting unit  "Goloustnoye" of the game management faculty of Irkutsk State Agrarian University in the period from 2013 to 2015. Six hundred and seventy - five data files were analyzed. It was found that the activity of bears in the areas of observation is directly related to the time of day and season of the year. There are relationships between the behavior of the animals and the air temperature.

Photobacterium phosphoreum as an object for studying the biological effects of the CeO2 nanoparticles Gretsky Igor Alexandrovich, Zholobak Nadezhda Mikchailovna, Scherbakov Alexander Borysovich, Ivanov Vladimir Konstantinovich, Gromozova Elena Nikolaevna Abstract: The effect of nanoceria (CND), that have different physical and chemical properties – the used producing methods, Zeta potential, the presence of the stabilizer – on the the intensity of luminescence of Photobacterium phosphoreum IMV B-7071 was studied. It is shown that the high crystallinity nanoceria after 30 minutes after addition stimulated the cells luminescence, whereas the effects of citrate-stabilized CND depend essentially on the toxic effects the stabilizer sodium citrate.