1.5.7. Генетика

Size-mass characteristics of juvenile zander and roach in the Azov brackish lagoons of Krasnodar Territory in 2021 Eng. Size-mass characteristics of juvenile zander and roach in the Azov brackish lagoons of Krasnodar Territory in 2021 Astanina Elena A.1,2, Barabashin Timofey O.1, Poroshina Elena A.1 1Azov-Black Sea branch of the VNIRO (“AzNIIRKH”), Rostov-on-Don, Russia 2Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract: The estuaries of the Kuban’s delta are a unique and highly productive ecosystem. This complex of reservoirs played a significant role in the formation of fish productivity of such valuable commercial species as pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) and taran’ (Rutilus heckelii). Despite a number of negative changes in the bioecological conditions in the modern period, they still retain a fairly large productive area of natural spawning grounds. In the bayous of estuaries and in the estuaries themselves, studies of juvenile pike-perch and taran’ were carried out. No juveniles of the studied fish were found in the catches of the Soloviev duct. Pike-perch was found only on the Peresypsky and Kulikovsky ducts in single copies. Taran’s juveniles were present in the catches at each station. The minimum values of length and mass were observed in juvenile rams caught in the Peresypsky duct, the maximum values were noted in the Kulikovo duct. A noticeable difference in values can be explained by the extended spawning and, accordingly, by the different-time hatching of larvae. The juveniles of the pike-perch and taran’, coming out to sea from the Azov estuaries of the Krasnodar Territory in 2021, had good length and mass indicators, indicating favorable conditions for its development. The survival rate of such juveniles in the sea is higher. The intensity of its descent during the observation period was low, which may indicate not entirely favorable conditions for the survival of juveniles in the coastal part of the sea. Since the increasing salinity of the Sea of Azov has a negative impact on the condition and slope of juvenile pike-perch and taran’. The supply of fresh water in the right time and in sufficient quantity can improve the situation, but in the current climatic situation this is unlikely.

Modern views on the contribution of gene polymorphism of inflammatory molecules to the formation and development of schizophrenia Eng. Modern views on the contribution of gene polymorphism of inflammatory molecules to the formation and development of schizophrenia Kushchenko Veniamin, Volchik Varvara, Mashkina Elena Abstract: The articles characterizing schizophrenia as a polygenic disease with a potential contribution of polymorphic variants of the genes of various inflammatory molecules are considered. The main hypotheses considering the reciprocal influence of the immune and nervous systems of the human body are listed. The key tasks in studying the contribution of the immune system to the development of schizophrenia are: determining the source of neuroinflammatory changes (whether they come from the brain, the periphery, or a cumulative process), predicting changes in the brain that may anticipate changes in the inflammatory status, and also searching for molecular mechanisms of these specific changes, determining the duration of inflammation and the nature of changes in inflammatory status during the course of the disease. The most studied genes are sequences encoding molecules of cytokines, complement system factors, as well as some multifunctional molecules with specific immune functions. The association of gene polymorphisms with the risk of developing schizophrenia varies at the population level. The molecular mechanisms of the effect of interleukin molecules on the development of the brain, as well as some processes of the interaction of peripheral immunity with similar mechanisms in the central nervous system, are characterized. A study of the literature has shown that genetically determined changes in the immune system not only lead to abnormal brain development, but also interact with various environmental factors associated with schizophrenia. Further prospects for studying this scientific problem are proposed.  

The Effect of White Phosphorus on the Vitality, Cellular Morphology and Proteome of Fungus Aspergillus Niger Strains A.Z. Mindubaev a*, S.V. Fedosimovab, A.G. Daminovab, V.A. Romanovab, V.M. Babaevc, E.V. Babynind, E.K. Badeevac, S.T. Minzanovac, Y.A. Akosahb, J.V. Karaeva a   a Institute of Power Engineering and Advanced Technologies, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences bInstitute of Organic and Physical Chemistry named after A.E. Arbuzov. Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Arbuzov St., 8. Kazan, 420088. Russia. c Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University. University St., 18. Kazan, 420008. Russia. Tatar Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science – Subdivision of the Federal dResearch Center “Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences E-mail: mindubaev-az@yandex.ru     In previous studies, we demonstrated for the first time the biodegradation of white phosphorus by the molds Aspergillus Niger. However, studying the mechanisms of resistance of the fungus to such a toxic substance is essential. There may be several such mechanisms, of which two are most likely. The cell wall of the fungus is a barrier to the penetration of white phosphorus into the cell. In such a case, an increase in cell wall thickness should be observed in response to exposure to the toxicant. The second mechanism is associated with the expression of stress genes and the production of proteins by the fungus involved in the neutralization of toxicants, including white phosphorus. The microscopic and proteomic studies carried out in the present work have shown that both resistance mechanisms take place. In addition, white phosphorus causes a general activation of metabolism, accompanied by an increase in the number of mitochondria in the cells. It was shown that white phosphorus has little effect on the ratio of living and dead cells in the colonies of fungi, i.e. resistance to it is very high.

Obtaining a liquid humic preparation from sapropel Eng. Obtaining a liquid humic preparation from sapropel Bezuglova O.S., Khaletskaya G.Yu. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia     Abstract. Sapropel from Lake Beloe (Tatarstan) is characterized by a favorable composition of organic matter. Humic acids have a predominant presence of 41.1–42.3%. The content of non-hydrolysable residue is 33.3–36%. At the same time the proportion of fulvic acids shows quite high values at 22.9–24.4%. We applied EDTA, NaOH, Na2CO3 and hot distilled water to isolate humic substances from sapropel. An analysis of their composition showed that the reagents used to obtain the extracts significantly affect the composition of humic compounds. With application of sodium hydroxide, the ratio between humus groups remained the same as in the analysis of total carbon in sapropel. A solution of sodium carbonate helps to increase the yield of humic compounds in the extract by reducing the proportion of fulvic acids. On the other hand, EDTA gives a high yield of fulvic acids, but the extraction of humic acids sharply decreases. When using hot water, the extracts are characterized by a fairly high content of humic acids, fulvic acids and, in general, organic compounds. At the same time, aqueous extracts demonstrated a neutral reaction of the medium, while all other extracts showed an alkaline reaction.

Transformation of soils in urbanized landscapes of khabarovsk under the influence of hydrological processes         Roslikova Valentina Ivanovna          Absract. The transformation of the natural environment, including the soil mantle, in the Far Eastern landscapes occurs under the influence of various types of modern geological processes, conditioned not only by the specifics of natural factors, but by a whole series of man-made ones. The last ones lead to the activation of geological processes and the loss of not only the stability of structures, but also to a shift in the state of the soil mantle. This issue has not been investigated for the soils of the Far Eastern urban landscapes. To reveal the morphodiagnostic transformation of soils in urban areas, it is necessary to disclose the patterns of their transformation under the influence of dominant processes. These are technogenic hydrogeological processes that cause flooding and underflooding. The study is based on a new all-Russian classification of soils.       The objects of the study were two catenas located in different engineering and geological regions of a large industrial center in Khabarovsk with various types of technogenic hydrogeological processes. Diagnostic signs of transformed soils and new predpochvennye formations have been determined by means of the elementary landscapes of various sections of the catena, and the mechanisms of these transformations have been revealed. In the zone of technogenic flooding the relationship between the diagnostic features of transformed soils and the new environmental conditions is analyzed. Against the backdrop of landslide processes in the zone of technogenic flooding the nature of the soils transformation is considered. They were investigated in two blocks: man-made and mineral. The structure and mechanisms of creep in these blocks are different, which is clearly documented in the nature of the sliding material and the gradualness of the soil mantle transformation. The allocation of a new predpochvennye formation - fractal-stratified - is justified.

Association of PPARG polymorphism rs1801282 with the risk of atherosclerosis development: Meta - analysis Timofeeva S.V., Shkurat T.P. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia timofeeva.sophia@gmail.com Abstract The meta-analysis was aimed at evaluating the association between the rs1801282 polymorphism of the PPARG gene and the risk of developing atherosclerosis based on an analysis of data from 20 case-control studies. Searches for published case-control studies were performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases between 2000 and February 2022. Association was assessed by statistical odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RevMan software (Cochrane Collaboration, 5.3. Copenhagen) was used for the meta-analysis. To assess the relationship between PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism and the risk of atherosclerosis, 20 publications (twenty studies) with a large sample of 8691 cases and 11817 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the results showed that the Ala allele was associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis in the Asian population p=0.01, OR=2.06, 95% CI 1.16 - 3.65; p=0.02, OR=2.02, 95% CI 1.14 - 3.59 compared with the European population. Pooled risk ratios for atherosclerosis based on dominant, recessive, allelic, homozygous, and heterozygous PPARG rs1801282 polymorphism models were (p=0.96, OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.87-1.15; p=0.13, OR=1.21, 95% CI 0.95-1.53, p=0.88, OR=1.02, 95% CI 0.82-1.26, p=0.06, OR=1.26, 95% CI 0.99-1.61, p=0.53, OR=0.96, 95 % CI 0.83 - 1.10), respectively. The present meta-analysis indicated that the rs1801282 C/G PPARG polymorphism may be associated with the risk of atherosclerosis in an Asian population. Further studies will be required to confirm the observed association.

Heavy metals in compost from leaf litter and food waste HEAVY METALS IN COMPOST FROM LEAF LITTER AND FOOD WASTE Velchenkova L.D.1, Kartashova A.V. 1, Samarskaya M.A. 1, Shishkareva E.S. 1 1Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Annotation Compost was studied, consisting of leaf litter and vegetable food waste, with the addition of ordinary carbonate chernozem. Leaf litter and soil were sampled on the territory of the Botanical Garden of the SFU in Rostov-on-Don. The scheme of the experiment included three options: control and two options with the addition of the humic preparation BIO-Don10 to the water at concentrations of 0.008% and 0.016%. It has been established that there is no contamination of the compost with heavy metals. The excess of the background values ​​of the content in the soil of such biogenic elements as manganese and zinc, on the contrary, indicates the value of compost as a source of these microelements important in the life of plants and microorganisms. As the compost matures, a noticeable decrease in the concentration of nutrients - calcium and phosphorus - is observed. Contributes to the reduction of these elements and the addition of humic preparation BIO-Don10 to irrigation water at a dose of 0.008%. Indirectly, this indicates an increase in the biological activity of the compost when a humic preparation is added at such a concentration; therefore, this concentration of humate is optimal.

Monitoring of adventive grassy flora of the Botanical garden of Southern Federal University Shmarayeva Antonina Nikolayevna, Shishlova Zhanna Nikolayevna, Kuzmenko Inna Petrovna Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; anshmaraeva@sfedu.ru Abstract: The annotated list and results of the comprehensive analysis of grassy fraction of adventive flora of the Botanical garden of Southern Federal University (BS) is provided in article. In a short summary for each species are specified: the Latin and Russian names, a vital form, ecotype, frequency of occurrence and location in BS borders. Adventive grassy flora contains 66 species of seed plants from 25 families and 55 genuses, that makes 9.1 % of general structure of wild-growing flora of BS and 25.0 % of structure of sinanthropic flora of BS. The most part (59.7 %) of all families of sinanthropic flora of BS contain adventive species, including 17 families presented only by adventive plants. The most numerous families by taxons number in adventive grassy flora of BS are: Asteraceae (18 species), Brassicaceae (7 species), Poaceae (6 species), Oxalidaceae (4 species). The majority of genuses (85.5 %) in adventive grassy flora contain by one species, 9.1 % of genuses – 2 species, 5.4 % of genuses – 3 species (Amaranthus, Ambrosia, Xanthoxalis). In adventivne grassy flora of BS by a drift time the euneophytes (54.5 %) prevail, to neophyte group belong 33.3 %, and archaeophyte group belong 12.2 %. On extent of naturalization as a part of grassy fraction of adventive flora of BS epecophyte (53.0 %) quantitatively prevail, kolonophyte make 24.2 %, ephemerophyte – 15.2 %, and the smallest group – argiophyte (7.6 %). On the nature of primary area in adventive flora of BS the North American species (42.4 %) prevail.

Features of the geographical structure of the Krivoy Rog urban flora (Ukraine) Abstract: To identify the specificity of the formation of any flora and its relationship with other floras is possible using the geographic analysis. The aim of the work was to analyze the geographical structure of the spontaneous flora of Krivoy Rog city and to reveal the characteristics of its forming under the influence of urbanization. The object of research was all the species of higher plants, which spontaneously settled in the administrative borders of the city and its green zone. The geographical structure of the flora was understood as the inherent spectrum of geographic elements (arealogical groups). The analysis of the ranges of the species of the native fraction of Krivoy Rog urban flora was carried out on a zonal-regional basis, while the group of alien species was analyzed using the primary ranges of the species. Тhe geographic analysis reveals the autochthonous and allochthonous nature of the Krivoy Rog urban flora, its geographic connections at the level of high-ranking chorions: Holarctic, Palaearctic, Eurasian, Mediterranean.  In general, all the species belong to 7 basic and 2 transitional types and 25 geographic elements; alien species form the separate group. Identity and individuality of the city flora are determined by the species of the Black Sea type of the ranges, there are 147 ones (13,5%). A significant percentage of the alien species (30,66%) refers to the peculiarities of the modern florogenesis in urbanized territories; among these species an important role belong to representatives of the North American type of migratory elements (over 20% of the total number of alien species).  

Seventy years' experience of creation of the state protective forest strips in a steppe zone of Russia In a steppe zone of the European territory of Russia artificially created 8 state protective forest strips (SPFS) are located. Research objective: on the basis of analytical materials to carry out the assessment of a condition of SPFS of a steppe zone of the European part of Russia, to reveal their recreational potential. Materials and methods of a research: general information, creation history, ways and technologies of creation of SPFS, lesovodstvenny actions in them were studied and analyzed according to references and share materials. Information on existence and condition of SPFS in regions of a steppe zone of the European part of Russia was established according to the state forest register. For certain regions the recreational appeal of SPFS paid off.  In article the history of creation of these strips, since adoption of "The Stalin plan of transformation of the nature" from 20 оctober 1948 g is considered.  On this project in 15 years (1949-1965) it was planned to create 117.9 thousand hectares of SPFS, but actually works were finished in 1972. 4 water separate and 4 prirechnykh state protective forest strips were created.  Now the total area of SPFS in a steppe zone of the Russian Federation is 85.7 thousand hectares. At the same time more than 13% of their area are presented by not forest lands, and covered with forest vegetation are about 80%.  From tree species as a part of SPFS the Quércus róbur prevails, the second place is taken by an Fráxinus excélsior  and F. lanceolate, the third Ulmus pumila. It is established that more than a half of the spaces are occupied by middle-aged plantings, 16.6% – coming, 8.9% – ripe and perestoyny. The state protective forest strips have the recreational potential which increases in process of increase in a share of SPFS as a part of forest fund of the territory; and in process of decrease in the general woodiness of the territory.  The SPFS recreational value increases at increase in their availability (first of all transport) in comparison with other territory of forest fund.

Molecular-genetic and physiological features of chlorophyll-deficient sunflower mutants with extra-nuclear inheritance type Makarenko Maksim Stanislavovich, Kovalevich Aleksey Aleksandrovich, Shamova Tat'yana Vladimirovna, Kazancev Mikhail Yur'evich, Usatov Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract: Chlorophyll-deficient mutants are the appropriative models for providing investigations both of photosynthetic apparatus and nuclear-cytoplasmic relationships. In the current research, the genetic and physiological analysis of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) mutant lines (en:chlorina-1, en:chlorina-6, en:chlorina-7) was conducted. All the analyzed mutant lines have a yellow-green phenotype with an extra-nuclear type of mutation inheritance and have been obtained on the genetic basis of single inbred line 3629 by N-nitrosomethylurea induced mutagenesis. Matching the data of photochemical activity with chloroplast DNA genotyping data revealed that en:chlorina-1 mutant phenotype is associated with a non-synonymous mutation in the psaB (Thr586Ile) gene, en:chlorina-6 – in the psaB (Gly385Glu), and en: chlorina -7 – in psaA (Thr528Ile) and psbB (His157Tyr) genes.

The effectiveness of a new range of insecticides on maize against Heliсoverpa armigera (Hb) Zinchenko Vladimir E., Grinko ArtemV., Polienko Elena A. Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, grinko82@mail.ru Abstract: The article presents the results of three-year research on the use of modern insecticides against the main pest of maize in the Rostov region - Heliсoverpa armigera Hb. Studies have been conducted to study the biological effectiveness of the following chemicals Karate Zeon, MCS, Koragen, SC and Ampligo, MCS. The biological efficacy of insecticides Koragen, SC and Ampligo, MCS on day 14 after application was 86,5 and 91,7 %, respectively. On the variant with the use of insecticide Karate Zeon, MCS, the death of the pest did not exceed 45,8 %. Calculation of economic efficiency revealed a significant advantage of the preparation Ampligo, MCS. The income from this variant of experience amounted to 4841 rubles / ha with a profitability of 178,9 %. On variants Koragen, SC and Karate Zeon, MCS, this indicator was 1743,1 and 1177,9 rubles / ha, respectively.

Ecological-modifying effect of soil contamination with heavy metals on the contact interaction of human leukocytes Evstropov Vladimir M. Don state technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract: It is known that by assessing the intensity of the contact interaction of lymphocytes with granulocytes, we can detect the processes of preclinical carcinogenesis. Heavy metals have carcinogenic properties, and the interaction of lymphocytes with granulocytes, which characterizes the level of transforming cells, is reduced in people permanently residing in the city, compared to people in rural areas [6], apparently under the influence of increased of anthropogenic environmental pollutions. At the same time, the contact interaction of lymphocytes with granulocytes can be considered as a cytological phenomenon, which characterizes the functional state of leukocytes, in particular their locomotor and adhesive potencies. Based on the characteristics of various functional zones of the city of Rostov-on-Don, established on the basis of the determination of the total indicator of soil contamination with heavy metals (zinc, arsenic, copper, lead and nickel), we carried out a comparative analysis of the activity of contact interaction of leukocytes of various types (lymphocytes and granulocytes) among the residents of two functional zones of the city, who differ in the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals: with moderately dangerous and acceptable levels of contamination. The results of the study showed that the residents of the functional zone of the city with a moderately dangerous level of soil contamination with heavy metals, the intensity of the interaction of the studied leukocytes was lower than that of those living in the territory with an acceptable level of pollution. We assume that the revealed decrease in the intensity of contact interaction of leukocytes in people long-term living in areas whose soil is moderately polluted with heavy metals is caused by chromosomal abnormalities and transformation of leukocytes, in particular lymphocytes.

Biotechnologies of oil-polluted soil cleaning of the apsheron peninsula and integral indicator of their biological condition Nadjafova Samira I., Gasanova Zulfiya P., Ismaylov Nariman M. Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan; nadjafovas@yahoo.com Abstract: Studies of technologically disturbed soils of the Absheron Peninsula were carried out through the integral indicator of the soil biological state (IPBS) in accordance with the scores of the most important informative properties of their biological state: enzymatic activity, hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganism numbers, seed ratio of total hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms to the total number, phytotoxicity, allowing to evaluate the potential of self-cleaning ability of landscapes and choose the way of their rehabilitation. Processing the results of the experiments showed that there is a negative relationship between the indicators of the degree of anthropogenic load with soil biogenicity: r = -0.75 ± 0.04. The system analysis of biological indicators and IPBS calculated on their basis of technologically disturbed soils of the Absheron Peninsula in the NGDU territories allowed them to be ranked according to the degree of resistance to anthropogenic pressure and ability to self-purification: Karadag district> Sabunchu and Khazar districts> Surakhani and Binagadi districts> Sabail district As a method of biological remediation, a biological preparation was used based on excess activated sludge from the Gosaninsky aerator station. The results of laboratory model studies have shown that the introduction of a biological product has a positive effect on the biological properties of the soil at both the microbiological and enzymatic levels.

horny scutes of shell in postembryonal ontogenesis of tortoises Conducted long-term studies of the dynamics of the formation of structure terrain horny scutes of shell the Mediterranean tortoise (Testudo graeca) in post-embryonal ontogenesis. It was found that the intensity and variability of education forms the structural elements constituting the relief flaps shell depends on the duration and nature of the flow of active and inactive periods in the life of the tortoises.

Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Warder ex Engelm. и Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.in the space of vegetation indices CARI, CRI2 и CSI5 The article describes the experience of using data of a hyperspectral survey with a Cubert UHD 185 Firefly hyperspectral camera for two tree species of Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Warder ex Engelm. and Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. The camera captures the reflected electromagnetic radiation from objects in the range from the visible to the near-infrared range, recording data of 1000 × 1000 pixels in the form of one panchromatic and 125 hyperspectral images, 50 × 50 pixels in size. The camera can be installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and used for monitoring and inventory of green spaces. Remote sensing methods allows to quickly conduct research of large areas, including remote and difficult to access in a short time. The purpose of this work is to collect and analyze hyperspectral data for the development of technologies for inventorying green spaces using UAV-based hyperspectral complex. A total of 7511 spectral profiles of the two species studied were calculated using three vegetation indices: Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index, Carotenoid Reflectance Index and Carter Stress Index. The possibility to distinguish two species by the spectral characteristics of their leaves is shown by the example of Catalpa speciosa and Armeniaca vulgaris.

Agrochemical characteristics of mining-heap complexes with various substrata Agrochemical characteristics of mining-heap complexes with various substrata Dmitrakova Y.A., Abakumov E.V. Saint-Petersburg State University Russia, dmitrakovay.a@gmail.com Abstract: With the aim to evaluate of key agrochemical soil characteristics 8 mining-heap complexes were investigated on example of mines for exploitation building materials.  The study sites were located in Leningrad, Novgorod and Tula regions. Objects are presented by 3 limestones, 3 sandy-gravel, 1 phosphorite and 1 fireproof clays mines. All the quarries were presented by maximal diverse ecotopes, where soil pits were created and sampling were conducted.  Soil acidity, total organic carbon and available forms of phosphorous, potassium, ammonia and nitrates were determined in the lab. Data obtained showed that content of nutrients variates within the soil profile depth and this fact illustrate unhomogenety of substrata on heaps. All the ground characteristics are favorable for vegetation development. The only exception was fixed for soil on the pyrite containing ground with extremely acid reaction.  The nutrients content and pH values were strongly affected by relief and reclamation technology, at least it was more pronounced than type of parent material. Despite on popular opinion that substrate of mines are usually poor in terms of nutriens content, in our study their content was comparable or even higher that in natural soils.    

Air masses and pollution transport to some Northern regions of European Russia were studied with trajectory statistics. We used EMEP data on lead and cadmium emissions to the atmosphere from Europe in 2010-2014. This dataset is most suitable for current investigation aiming to separate the contributions to pollution of the Northern Russia environment from sources of European part of Russia (1) and from the rest European territories (2). In some years at some points contributions (2) may be sizable (up to 50% and more), but as a whole the North of European Russia is polluted by the own Russian anthropogenic sources. As calculated, spatial, seasonal, and interannual variations in environmental pollution may be as high as 10 times and more. Spatial variations are determined by different distances between investigation points and the main sources of pollutants. Seasonal variations in air concentrations depend on the difference in deposition velocities for different seasons. Interannual variations in pollution level in Northern regions are caused by diversity of atmospheric circulation pattern, and (in less degree) by emission differences from year to year.

The content of mortmass and biodynamics of arable soil under conditions of real agrotechnology in Siberia Eng. The content of mortmass and biodynamics of arable soil under conditions of real agrotechnology in Siberia Danilova A.A.Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Novosibirsk oblast. Krasnoobsk, a/b 356Danilova7alb@yandex.ru Abstract:We reviewed the literature data and the results of our own research in order to show the dependence of the ecologically significant biological properties of the soil on the content of the mortmass. The transfer of virgin soil to arable land leads to the mineralization of mobile organic matter stocks. In the long-term arable soil, all properties, including biological ones, stabilize at a lower level in comparison to the virgin soil. The use of fertilizers for plant nutrition can increase the total soil organic carbon content by only 0.1-0.2%. But the increase of mortmass carbon content can be more significant. Consequently, we have the opportunity to influence the biodynamics of the soil by changing of plant residues amount in the soil. In conditions of 4 grain-crop rotations, the influence of 4 doses of stubble wheat residues (2,2; 6,5; 7,2; 9,5 t/ha in year) on soil properties was studied. In 10 years after the beginning of the observations, the amount of mortmass was accordingly equal to 400, 690, 880, 1040 mg С/kg. The indicators of the biological activity of the soil increased by about 30-50%The relationship between the biological activity indicators and the detoxification activity of the soil was not straightforward.The most optimal dose of plant residues from ecological and agrotechnological positions was a dose equal to 6,5 t / ha, which provided detoxification of pesticides within the current growing season. Thus, there is the posibility to optimize the ecotoxicological situation in the arable soil at the expense of the agrocenosis's own resources.

Diurnal changes of weight and fat reserves in the Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus, Aves) during winter period Eng. Diurnal changes of weight and fat reserves in the Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus, Aves) during winter period Gavrilov Vadim V. S.N. Skadovsky Zvenigorod Biological Station, Biology department of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,119991 Moscow, Russia; vadimgavrilov@yandex.ru Research was carried out in 1999 - 2018 at Zvenigorod Biological Station (the Moscow Region, Russia, 55o44' N, 36o51' E). Birds were caught by mist-nets. All the birds were banded, fat reserves and weight were determined and then birds were released. In total 58 Eurasian blue tit were caught. The daily rhythm of body weight of Eurasian blue tits can be divided into two periods: from 8 to 13 hours and from 13 to 19 hours. The body weight in the second half of the day - from 13 to 19 hours - is significantly higher than at other times. At night, the body weight of birds decreases. Fat reserves of Eurasian blue tits are maximal at the end of the day, with the last evening hours practically unchanged. Between 16 and 19 hours fat reserves are higher than at other times. Fat reserves decrease throughout the night and continue to decrease in the morning, reaching a minimum at 12 hours, after which they increase.

New information on the genetic differentiation of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882. Eng.  New information on the genetic differentiation of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882. Maltsev A.N. ¹, Stakheev V.V. 2, Bogdanov A.S.3, Panasyuk N.V. 2, Kotenkova E.V. ¹ ¹Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia;aleks.maltcev@gmail.com ²Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia ³Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Abstract: New results on phylogenetics and phylogeny of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882 were obtained. The eastern boundary of this species is  traced in Russia through the territories of the Kursk, Belgorod and Rostov regions. The objectives of the study: assessment of genetic variability and analysis of phylogenetic relationships between the populations of the mound-building mice in the eastern part of the range, which was insufficiently studied in this respect. As a result of phylogenetic analysis, we found that there are two phylogroups of mound-building mice - eastern and western. The first includes individuals of M. spicilegus from the eastern part of the range (Moldova, Crimea, Rostov Region), the second one – animals from central and southern Europe (Austria, Montenegro, Serbia, Greece). Earlier, subspecies of mound-building mice in southern Europe was identified – M. s. adriaticus. On the phylogenetic tree in our work, this subspecies is allocated to a separate phylogroup. The first phylogroup is ancestral from the Balkan Peninsula, which has a higher genetic diversity, the second one located in the eastern part of the range, characterized by low genetic variability.

Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus and C.rutilus) reaction to house mouse odor in large enclosures Eng.  Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus and C.rutilus) reaction to house mouse odor in large enclosures Osipova Olga V. 1, Kozhukhantseva Ekaterina A. 2, Kotenkova Elena V. 1 1A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russia Abstract: House mice have got hard odor which seems to protect their territory from the other rodent species. Peculiarities of bank and red voles’ reaction to house mouse odor put upon traps were studied. Visual observations of voles’ behavior near traps with and without mouse odor were conducted in large (120 sq. m) enclosures where voles lived in groups. Species, sex and social status was found to be significant for the type of the reaction. Voles of both species with high social ranks got into the traps with equal frequency and stayed there for equal time. Bank vole males with low social rank avoided traps with the odor. By contrast red vole females preferred to stay in these traps.         

To the knowledge of some species of the genus Paederidus Mulsant & Rey, 1878 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from the Western Palaearctic Eng. To the knowledge of some species of the genus Paederidus Mulsant & Rey, 1878 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from the Western Palaearctic   Khachikov Eduard A. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia. e_hachikov@mail.ru Abstract We studied the morphology of endofallus of species Paederidus ruficollis (Fabricius, 1777), P. sanguinicollis (Motchulsky, 1860), P. punctiventris Scheerpeltz, 1957, P. rubrothoracicus (Goeze, 1777) and related forms from the Caucasus, Europe, Turkey and Algeria in this paper. This allowed is making additions to the European fauna of the genus Paederidus Mulsant & Rey, 1878: selected the new subspecies P. ruficollis carpaticus subsp. n. from the Western Ukraine. And just to clarify the species composition of the same genus in the Northern Caucasus, is including three species: Paederidus caucasicus Scheerpeltz, 1957, nom. resurr. = P. sanguinicollis (Motschulsky, 1860), syn. n.; P. punctiventris and Paederidus sp. 1, and excluded from the fauna of this region species – Paederidus ruficollis and P. rubrothoracicus.  

Sheyko Elena A.1, Sytnikov Denis M.2 1 S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy  of Vernadsky CFU, Simferopol, Russian Federation; lenasheyko@mail.ru 2 Odessa I.I Mechnikov National University, Odessa, Ukraine   Abstract: Anatomy-morphological, symbiotic and allelopathic peculiarities of four representatives of the Orchidaceae Juss., the Crimea geophyte species: Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz s. l., Dactylorhiza iberica (M. Bieb. exWilld.) Soo?, Epipactis persica (Soó) Nannf. s. l., Ophrys mammosa Desf. subsp. taurica (Aggeenko) Soo? were studied. Biochemical, physiological, microscopic methods of research and methods of statistic alanalysis were used. As a result of the conducted researches, the features of the localization of the endomycotrophic component, the dynamics of symbiotic and allelopathic relations at various stages of ontogenesis, the influence of edaphic factors on the degree of mycotrophy were revealed. It was established that in the rhizomatous orchid species the degree of mycotrophy is lower than in the fleshy root species. The dynamics of symbiotic relationships varied according to ontogenesis phases. Occurrence of the mycorrhizal infection decreases from juvenile to a generative stage in the studied species. As the degree of mycotrophy increases, the number of ovules and seeds in the capsule increases. By the means of qualitative histochemical reactions it was established that the dynamics of allelopathic interactions is due to the accumulation of lignin, pectin and phenolic compounds in the tissues of the primary cortex of the orchids` rhizome. When studying the hormonal complex of fungi associated with orchids, the ability to excrete auxins and cytokinins into the external environment was revealed. It opens the possibility of microorganisms impact on overall hormonal balance of plants, stimulating additional rooting of orchids, as well as to influence the germination of their seeds. It was defined that the reproductive strategy of the investigated species of orchids is determined by the degree of interaction with the mycorhizal fungi, the peculiarities of the growing conditions and the nature of the studied species pollination.   

Materials on moulting of Dice snake (Natrix tessellata) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Natrix) in mainland and island populations of the western coast of Middle Caspian The article presents data on a molting of the Dice snake (Natrix tessellata) on the western coast of the Middle Caspian. The sex and the age differences in the frequency of moulting and the duration of the intervals separating of them have been revealed. A general increase in molting frequency in individuals of the island population were established. Approximately at 30% of the dice snakes of continental populations on the recreationally transformed areas of the territory were marked moult violations, which were expressed a fragmented of the pull off of the skin. There was a strong positive correlation between the length of the intervals between molts and the length of the body of snakes.  

Heavy metals in soils and road dust in the Stoilo-Lebedinsky mining complex. The content of heavy metals and metalloids were investigated in iron ore, soils and road dustin surrounding the Stoilo-Lebedinsky mining complex of Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, where a lot of mining, metallurgical and other enterprises are located. It was shown that this territory is subject to aerotechnogenic pollution by a large set of chemical elements, but because of their low background content in mined iron ore and natural variation of soil composition, it is difficult to identify the technogenic impact using gross analysis. The determination of chemical elements associated with iron in Tamm extract in combination with chemical composition of road dust, is the most informative way to detect anthropogenic impact on territory, influenced by ferrous metallurgy enterprises.  

Influence of elements of cultivation technology on soybean yield on chernozems of ordinary Grinko Artem V., Kulygin Vladimir A. Don Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture, Rassvet, Russia; grinko82@mail.ru Abstract: Improvement of the elements of soybean cultivation technology for obtaining high and sustainable yields is an actual task of agricultural production. To do this, it is necessary to optimize the factors that influence the growth and development of plants, as well as use the achievements of selection. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of important elements of technology (the method of soil cultivation, levels of mineral nutrition, the rate of seeding) on the yield of soybeans in the soil-climatic conditions of the Priazovskaya zone of the Rostov Region. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Don Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture in 2014—2017. The article presents the results of research on a new variety of soybean Kazachka. The highest yield of soybean was obtained with the moldboard method of soil cultivation, high level of mineral nutrition N80P80K80 and seeding rate 0.7 million pcs / ha, it was 19.5 c / ha. The yield of soybeans for chisel soil cultivation was less by 1.2 centner / ha, or 6.1%. The best payback of 1 kg of fertilizers was obtained at the medium level of mineral nutrition (N40P40K40), regardless of the method of soil cultivation and the seeding rate, it was 3.33 kg / kg. In the conditions of a shortage of energy and mineral resources, the most effective combination of elements of soybean cultivation technology: chisel soil cultivation, medium level of mineral nutrition and seed rate of 0.7 million pcs / ha.  

Functional annotation of genes of localized on Y-chromosome оf human Annotation of genes localized on the Y-x romosome is carried out in the reference genome GRCh38.p7 located in NCBI. The Y-chromosome sequence in this assembly is 57227415 bp. The systematization of information about the functions of genes, biological processes in which their products participate, as well as their localization in cellular components is presented. It is shown that 98 protein-coding genes are localized on the Y chromosome, of which 63 genes are responsible for sex determination and spermatogenesis, 15 genes encode proteins that are part of cellular organelles, for 3 genes functions are unknown.  

Condition of Allium globosum Bieb. ex Redoute сenopopulation in specially protected natural territory «Natural boundary the Black ravine» Shmaraeva Antonina N., Shishlova Zhanna N., Kuzmenko Inna P. Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; anshmaraeva@sfedu.ru   Abstract: In 2017 for the first time has been described the Rostov region's rare species cenopopulation Allium globosum Bieb. ex Redoute in a specially protected natural territory «Natural boundary the Black ravine». This natural territory of 522,9 hectares is located in the center of White Kalitva district on the right coast of river the Northern Donets, to the south from the farm of Kakichev. The flora of «Natural boundary the Black ravine» contains more than 300 species of angiospermous plants, including 18 taxons, listed in the Red Lists of the Rostov region and Russia. Now only three cenopopulations of Allium globosum are known and all of them in the White Kalitva district; one of them is in the «Natural boundary the Black ravine». Allium globosum is a bulbous-root polycarpous, forming clones, breeds mainly seeds. Cenopopulation of Allium globosum lives on a steep slope of ravine as a part of community of transitional type from the thyme to the stony steppe. The vegetation cover of an ecotope is rarefied, created on skeletal soil, the general projective covering – 60 %. Flora of association contains more than 40 species. In community a cereal herbs (Festuca valesiaca Gaudin, Agropyron pectinatum (Bieb.) Beauv.) and petrofile grasses dominate. The area of cenopopulation is about 10000 sq. m, and its density in places of concentration is 104 specimens on 0,25 sq. m. In an age range the sprouts (46 % of total specimens number) and juvenile plants (41 %) are prevail; immature specimens make 3 %, virgin – 4 %, generative – 6 %. So, by the age structure cenopopulation belongs to normal completed and young. It is characterized by satisfactory indicators of number, density, vitality of specimens that in general provides possibility of its long stable existence.  

Herbarium named after I.V. Novopokrovsky (RV): 100 years of the herbarium collection of K.M. Zalessky Demina Olga Nikolaevna1, Rogal Lyudmila Leonidovna2 1Karachaevo-Circassian State University named after U.D. Aliyeva, Russia, 369200, ul. Lenin, KChGU. E-mail: ondemina@yandex.ru 2 Southern Federal University, Russia, 344006, Rostov-on-Don, Botanical Descent, 7. SFU   Abstract:  The work reviews the herbarium collection of K.M. Zalessky, which has been stored for 100 years in herbarium named after I.V. Novopokrovsky Department of Botany of SFedU (RV). This is about 1 thousand of the most valuable rare specimens. At the beginning of the last century, he collected materials for the knowledge of the vegetation of the Lower Don region. These works, representing an inexhaustible source of botanical knowledge about the vegetation cover of the region, were systematically studied the vegetation cover of the Lower Don basin. The scientists for the first time characterized the types of Don steppes and on the basis of the herbarium, a flora outline was compiled, comprising 328 species of plants indicating their habitats and locations. Some of the places of herbarium fees given in this paper do not already exist or they were found outside the Rostov region: the habitat of Astragalus sulcatus collected by K.M. Zalessky on the meadow on May 31, 2017, in the vicinity of the village of Esaulovskaya, which belonged to the Second Don district (now the Volgograd region), is now flooded with the waters of the Tsimlyansk reservoir; habitats Asplenium septentrionale - the species was found by the scientist on June 5, 2017 in the crevices of the Royal rocks, on the territory of Ukraine (now it is a branch of the Lugansk nature reserve). Therefore, the herbarium collection from the southwestern and southern parts of the former Don Military Region serves as an invaluable historical evidence of the natural past of the Lower Don basin. Currently, the collection of K.M. Zalessky is used both for the compilation of fundamental floristic reports and for constructing various hypotheses on the dynamics of the Don flora and vegetation. These materials are the basis for studying the biological diversity of the Don region.  

Modern problems of natural and technogenic pollution of the environment (review) One of global problems of the present is pollution of the land area and water ecosystems by harmful ingredients. Scales of ecological consequences of environmental pollution steadily grow and consequences can be catastrophic. The number of natural and technogenic catastrophes has grown for the last 100 years by 20 times. Glaciers are intensively thaw in the Arctic and Antarctic . For the last 50 years temperature in the southwest of Antarctic has grown by 2,5 °C. Among natural sources of pollution the leading place is taken by volcanoes (520 acting from 1300), 250 thousand people have died from a tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 2004, because of accident on the NPP in Fukushima (Japan) in 2011 15,5 thousand people have died. Annually in the world there are more than 200 thousand fires, in Russia their quantity has grown from 2000 to 2009 from 9 to 22%. The huge contribution in environmental pollution is brought by the enterprises, motor transport, agriculture (mineral fertilizers, pesticides, etc.). In 31 countries 192 NPPs (more than 450 power units) work, 80-90% of waste of nuclear fuel production are stored locally around nuclear power plants, and then taken out on burial in the mines located in Russia in the Urals and in the USA – in 180 km from Las Vegas. The special danger is caused by nuclear weapon and nuclear waste, space debris, solid and liquid household waste. In the Baltic Sea over 300 thousand tons of the chemical warfare agents (CWA) are buried, in the Kara Sea 17 thousand containers with radioactive waste, 16 nuclear reactors, 5 atomic submarines, etc. are based. Plastic waste has polluted the rivers, the seas and oceans. From 1901 to 2007 in the world there were 1125 largest industrial accidents, more than 6 billion tons of mineral fertilizers, 8,3 billion tons of plastic are made and applied. Studying of diverse influence of anthropogenic factors on the environment is one of the most important current issues. An ultimate goal of such research – protection and improvement of the habitat of the person.  

Methodical principles for determining the bulk density of chernozem Morozov Igor V., Vareldzhan Diana E., Borovikova Yana V., Kolesnikova Nadezhda A. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; migovad@sfedu.ru Abstract: Bulk density of soils is a fundamental physical value, wich is used in soil science to assess the relationship between solid, liquid and gaseous phases of the soil, to calculation of the total and differential porosity, stocks of substance, estimation of the degree of addition, and other agrophysical characteristic.The purpose of the research is designing of methodical principles for determining of the bulk density of chernozem. The feature of ordinary calcareous chernozem is the change in volume when moisture is varied, it was decisive when research object was choosing. Drilling and calculation methods were used to determine the soil density. Studies have shown that the dynamics of soil moisture is the reason of bulky changes in the soil, which is fixed by us in the form of parameters such as volume compaction and swelling volume. Also volume changes inevitably must be reflected in the change of the parameters of soil density. The dynamics of the bulk density when the soil moisture change is due to the phenomena of swelling and compaction exactly. At that the result of determination of soil bulk density will depend on the initial condition of soil: its moisture and, the occupied volume accordingly. The same soil can have different bulk density values - 1.2 g / cm3 and 1.8 g / cm3, respectively. These values correspond to two possible limiting status of soil as a physical body with a variable volume. We think that the available methods require a conceptual solution; when calculating the bulk density, it is proposed to take into account the dynamics of the volume of the soil, determining the interval «compaction limit of bulk density - swelling limit of bulk density».

About the formation of carbonate horizon of ordinary calcareous chernozems Morozov Igor V., Bezuglova Olga S., Minaeva Evgeniya N. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, migovad@sfedu.ru Investigations were carried out on ordinary calcareous chernozem, which is named as migrate-segregated chernozem according to the Soil Classification of Russia (2004). The genesis of calcareous horizons is significantly linked with long-term dynamics of carbonates' precipitation. According to our opinion, upper boundary and deepness of accumulation of calcareous concentrations are determined by pulsating nature of the annual sum of atmospheric precipitations and their distribution during long-term cycle. The bottom boundary of water infiltration for significant part of atmospheric precipitations during 33th year period of observations is genetically related with a part of soil profile where calcareous concentrations are formed. About 71 % of the annual sum of atmospheric precipitations is percolated to the depth from 80 to 159 cm as a result of water infiltration into soil profile. It is an evidence of the paleomorphic nature of soil horizon where water-soluble salts and gypsum are significantly accumulated at depth 210-250 cm, and the same time is a proof of the absence of link with modern chernozemic soil-forming process.

The specific of degraded pastures' formation while climate change in the Western Pricaspiy Gasanova Zarema Ulubiyevna, Zagidova Raisat Murtuzaliyevna Precaspian Institute of Biological Resources of Daghestan Scientific Center RAS, Russia, zgasanova@list.ru  Steppening of pastures in the Western Caspian has smoothed a little the natural factors of soil and vegetative cover degradation, but the problem of degradation remains relevant due to anthropogenic pressure increasing by small horned livestock overgrazing and raising the level of saline groundwater. The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of climate on the example of light chestnut and meadow saline soils and vegetation. Within the Terek-Sulak lowland the horizon A has been reduced in light chestnut and meadow solonchak soils for 50 years, the salt content in soils has increased two-three times. Long-term impact on pastoral ecosystems of natural and anthropogenic factors have led to significant changes in the indigenous meadow and meadow-steppe communities. In plant associations there is a decrease in the quantity of valuable species of fodder forage (Agropyrum). Restoration of pastures is mainly due to feather grasses having a large mass and distributional areas. In the Terek-Kuma lowland an increase in the amount of precipitation for 20 years has stimulated the optimization of light chestnut soils located on the dominant elements of the relief, in the upper 28-cm thick the salt content decreased. On degraded areas of light- and medium loamy light-chestnut soils, there is an increase of one-year-old saline groupings and ephemerals. In the cereal and wormwood associations increased the participation of feather grasses (Stipa), valuable in the fodder of Camphorosma. On eroded areas of sandy loamy chestnut soils "self-melioration" is observed: in the abandoned roads and blowing basins Salsola Kali ("roll-field") accumulates, where it breaks up, creating an anti-deflation cover. On meadow solonchak soils, the content of salts increased two to five times, the participation of one-year-old saline plant associations increased.

Soil-ecological state of technogenic landscapes of Novokuznetsk industrial complex Dvurechenskiy Vadim G., Androhanov Vladimir A. Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; dvu-vadim@mail.ru Abstract: The article reflects the features of the formation of the soil cover of technogenic ecosystems that form on various substrates. Based on the results of soil mapping, an assessment of the soil-ecological state of technogenic landscapes of the Novokuznetsk industrial complex located in the south of Western Siberia in the Kemerovo region is given. Some variants of reclamation are offered. As a result of recultivation work and natural restoration of vegetation, young soils are formed on the surface of man-made ecosystems - embriozems and technozems. The quality of such soils and coverage area characterize the soil-ecological state of the ecosystem. The soil-ecological state of the Baydayevsky coal mine is considered good, since for the last 20 years the most evolutionarily developed embryozems humus-accumulative and technozems humusogenic have been diagnosed on its surface. The soil-ecological state of the ash dumps of the Tom-Usinsky State District Power Plant and the tailing dumps of the Abagursky concentration factory is considered unsatisfactory, since for a long time (about 20 years), the development of the soil cover has stopped at the initial and organo-accumulative stage, in connection with the properties of the substrate. The physicochemical characteristics of different types of soils in man-made landscapes revealed that the most qualitative changes in physicochemical properties occurred in embryozems and technozems formed on a coal-cut dump; less qualitative - on tailing dumps and ash dumps. Therefore, it can be stated that the man-made substratum composing ash dumps and tailings is less suitable for carrying out biological recultivation. Without the recultivation works of the land reclamation plan aimed at creating an artificial root layer, these facilities will have a negative impact on the ecological situation in the area of ??their location for a long time.

MicroRNA: markers of male infertility. The molecular basis of dysfunction and pathogenesis of male reproductive system are not fully known at the moment, but the results of several researches revealed that microRNAs play an important roles in precise regulation of post-transcriptional processes in spermatogenesis. It is involved in immune reactions, thermal and oxidative stress responses, it directs effects on proliferation and differentiation, chromatin compactification, apoptosis, affects the synthesis of functionally important proteins in the metabolism of spermatozoa, the synthesis of proteins involved in sperm motility, et cetera. All these facts are sufficiently confirm that differentially expressed in normal and pathological processes of sperm production  microRNAs can be used as reliable markers for different variants of patospermia. Considering that the spermatogenesis disturbance is one of the most significant cause  of male infertility, identification of specific microRNAs and studying of its regulatory mechanisms are very important for the formation of through understanding of the problem of male infertility and for the development of therapeutic methods. So, the main purpose of this article is compilation a literature review over the past six years on the topic of altered expression of microRNAs in seminal plasma, testicular tissue in several types of spermathogenesis abnormalities. In generally, analysis of the literature sources has shown that miR-15, miR-126, miR-449, miR-514, miR-517, miR-1260 are down-regulated and miR-99, miR-141, miR-193, miR-373, miR-429 are up-regulated in various pathologies of spermatogenesis. Expression profiling of the following microRNAs in various pathologies of spermatogenesis have also been repeatedly noted by researchers, but the concentration of each of them could be increased and decreased depending on the type of pathospermia: miR-16, miR-19, miR-26, miR-29, miR-30, miR-34, miR-122, miR-125, miR-181, miR-374, miR-509, miR-574.    

Model operation of efficiency of crop rotations in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia Alternation of crops, will remain a fundamental element of zonal technologies of their cultivation for a long time. Application of methods of mathematical model operation will allow to come to new level in the solution of the questions of effective use of an arable land, through application of models optimizing it. Results of researches which basis data of long-term observations are will be especially valuable. They used data of the long-lived stationary experiments on studying of alternation of crops in crop rotations of last more than five rotation. Stationary experiences are located in a forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia on the fields FGBNU "SIBNIISKH". The purpose of researches consisted in optimization of use of an arable land at application of methods of mathematical model operation for preservation of soil fertility. The model allowing when performing particular conditions is given in work (balance of a humus, work expense, a metabolic cost, etc.) to optimize use of an arable land against the background of preservation of soil fertility of the soil, receiving production, economic and power efficiency. It is shown that at alternation of grain crops with clear steam, formation of a harvest happens due to natural fertility of the soil what the negative balance of a humus which reaches 0,18 – 0,78 tons from hectare testifies to. At alternation of field cultures without clear steam the harvest was formed against the background of reproduction of organic matter of the soil, due to increase in vegetable oddments from use of fertilizers, the balance of a humus was positive – 0,15 – 0,28 tons from hectare. Use along with clear steam, busy steam, colza on green fertilizer, and also straw as organic fertilizer for grain crops, 2,01 tons from hectare of commodity grain were received, at a share of clear steam – 16,8%, busy steam – 11%, summer grain – 72,2% of arable land. Increasing in crop rotations of Zapadnoy Sibiri Square with use as organic fertilizer of straw, busy vapors and green udbreniye, it is possible to achieve reproduction of fertility of the soil with some decrease in an exit of commodity grain to 2 tons from hectare.    

Effect of Combined Magnetic Fields with Very Weak Alternating Component on Duration of Pupal Metamorphosis Stage in Mealworm Beetle Tenebrio molitor It is shown that an exposure of pupae of the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor to the combined static (42 µT) and very weak extremely low-frequency alternating collinear magnetic fields exerts different influence, depending on the frequency of the alternating magnetic field (AMF), on duration of metamorphosis processes in these insects. For instance, a no less than 8 hour-exposure of young pupae to weak combined magnetic fields, adjusted to the frequency of ion cyclotron resonance for Ca2+ (32.2 Hz) at the AMF of 100 and 250 nT, inhibits metamorphosis process – a transitional stage from pupae to imago lasts longer. In contrast, a stimulating effect was observed when adjusted to cyclotron frequency for ion of glutaminic acid (4.4 Hz) at the amplitudes of 40, 100 and 250 nT. At the weaker amplitudes of the AMF this effect is not seen. For instance, an exposure at a frequency of 4.4 Hz, the amplitude of AMF 6, 16 nT and at a frequency of 32.2 Hz, the amplitude of AMF 6, 16 and 40 nT exerts no noticeable effect on the duration of the pupal metamorphosis stage.

Poliomyelitis: on the way to eradication In the pre-vaccine era, poliovirus was the main cause of disability in children. Today, the endemic transmission of poliovirus occurs in some areas of only three countries - Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria, the number of polio cases has declined by more than 99 %. Of the three strains of wild poliovirus, only Type 1 continues to be detected. But the risks associated with unprotected low-level transmissions remain, which threatens the return of poliomyelitis epidemics in these countries and the spread of the virus to other countries in which poliomyelitis has been eradicated.The aim of this work is to analyze the state of the epidemic of poliomyelitis in Russia and in the world, the progress made in interrupting transmission of poliovirus and preventing outbreaks of circulating poliovirus vaccine origin (cVDPV); a review of the existing poliomyelitis vaccines and researches in this area (including the development of vaccines that do not contain live virus), vaccination problems in the final phase of elimination.The article highlights the importance of monitoring the maintenance of immunization coverage rates for children in decreed ages, the detection of type 2 polioviruses (wild, vaccine-bearing or vaccine-derived (Sabin strain) after a global transition from trivalent oral polio vaccine to bivalent OPV, discontinuation of oral poliomyelitis vaccine to eliminate rare long-term risks of the appearance of cVDPV and other measures to prevent the occurrence of cases of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis; a growing role for the environmental surveillance system; the need to continue fundamental research on poliovirus as a model system of other similar viruses that pose a threat to health.    

The relationship the biochemical composition of artificial nutrient media, morphological and physiological indicators of larvae great wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.) The article presents the research to explore the relationship of biochemical composition of the studied artificial nutrient media and morphological, physiological indicators of larvae of Galleria mellonella. To explore this issue was taken up widely used artificial nutrient media. This artificial nutrient media includes such ingredients as flour, dry milk, brewer's yeast, honey, glycerin, bran, beeswax, water. Material studies are the greater wax moth larvae (Galleria mellonella L.) and artificial nutrient media, which prepared according to the recipes of different authors. Statistical analysis showed that the significant relationship of the studied biochemical and morphological indicators. Calculation of correlation of the analyzed indicators have revealed a strong positive correlation between the content of initial moisture in the larvae and their survival (+0,80). The maximum initial moisture in the larvae observed in the experimental group according to the recipe of V. Ya. Ismailov and others № 1 of 68,05 %, while the survival rate in this group was 84,17 % by 11,44% above the control. Also the average negative correlation was revealed between ash content and mass of larvae (-0,66). In addition, the average direct correlation was revealed of the content of crude protein in the feed and crude protein in larvae (+0,64). Noted that the initial moisture of larvae and crude fat in the artificial nutrient media has a reverse correlation – -0,71. Thus, the artificial nutrient medium, balanced in protein, fat and carbohydrates, significantly increases the biological capacity of the insect. Recipe of Russian scientists E. M. Shagov, I. G. Ulanova, E. M. Aslanyan  [7] is selected from considered artificial nutrient media on a number of morphological and physiological indicators.

The involvement of microsatellite AGC in population-genetic differentiation of cattle for resistance to infection by the virus of bovine leukemia Glazko V.I. 1,2, Kosovsky G. Yu. 2, Tagmazian A.A. 2, Glazko V.I. 1,2, 1Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow agricultural Academy (MTAA) named after K.A. Timiryazev, Russian Federation Timiryazevskaya Str., 49, Moscow 127550 2Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Center of Experimental Embryology and Reproductive Biotechnologies, 127422 Russian Federation, Moscow, Kostyakova str., 12, bld.4. Abstract:  The comparative analysis of the genetic structures of cattle groups that differ in bovine leucosis virus (BLV) infection, according to polymorphism of different lengths DNA fragments flanked by microsatellite inverted repeats (GAG)6C, (AG)9C, (AGC)6G (ISSR-PCR markers) was carried out. The animals were divided into three groups - free from infection (REID-BLV-) and two groups of infected ones: bearing antibodies to viral proteins and cell clones with insertions in genomic DNA of proviruses DNA BLV (RID+BLV+) and carriers of antibodies to viral proteins, but no cell clones with proviruses DNA BLV insertions (RID+BLV-). Identified involvement in intergroup differentiation of genomic DNA fragments of different lengths flanked by inverted repeat sequences of microsatellite (AGC)6G, which, according to the literature, is closely associated with retrotransposons. Genetic distances estimated according to such fragments, were almost two times more between groups of RID-BLV- and RID+BLV+, compared to the differences between the RID-BLV- and RID+BLV-. The involvement in population-genetic differentiation of cattle for resistance to BLV infection the mechanisms of intracellular protection from retrotransposition were discussed.   

Sod soils with groundwater and surface moisture of the Republic of Belarus (general characteristics and distinctive featur Pirogovskaya Galina Vladimirovna Abstract. The article describes the sod  soils of groundwater and surface moisture in Belarus based on the catenary genetic research and the results of the study of their properties, including studies after long drying. Comparative data on their morphological characteristics, physical and chemical properties, and the content of the absolute total reserves of moisture, organic matter, clay fraction and physical clay in layers of soil 0-20 cm, 0-50 and 0-100 cm, the bulk composition of the clay fraction are presented. It is shown that in sod soils with groundwater moisture the degree of chemical differentiation is reduced with an increase in moisture level, ie, profiles of sod temporarily excessively wetted soil and soils with partial gley features are differentiated chemically significantly stronger than sod-gley soils. Conversely, in the swampy sod soil with surface moisture degree of chemical differentiation grows with an increase in the hydration, that is, the profile of sod-gley soils is differentiated significantly stronger than that of temporarily excessively wetted soils and soils with partial gley features. Drainage of  all waterlogged sod soils is accompanied by a decrease of humus content, a change in its qualitative composition, the latter is particularly noticeable in the soils with groundwater soil moisture. This is due to the fact that the drainage of the sod soil with groundwater soil moisture causes irreversible changes in the general direction of the soil-forming process - the development of podzol. When draining sod soils with surface moisture there is an enhanced lessivage, while the soils stay amenable to cultivation and are recommended for use in intensive crop rotations.

Changes of Organic Carbon Pools in the Southern Taiga and Forest-Steppe of European Russia during the Historical Period Chernova Olga Vladimirovna, Ryzhova Irina Mikhaylovna, Podvezennaya Marina Aleksandrovna Abstract: Regional estimates of changes of organic carbon pools for Kostroma oblast (southern taiga) and Kursk oblast (forest-steppe) during the historical period were discussed. Actual and potential carbon pools in the phytomass and the 100-cm soil layer were calculated on a single map-based, with due account for the classification position of particular soils, their texture,  the character and age structure of forest stands, and land use patterns were taken into account. It was shown that the modern total organic carbon pool of Kostroma oblast by almost 25% below its potential; for the Kursk oblast this difference more than 30%. Soil organic сarbon pool of Kostroma region hasn't changed, a phytomass сarbon pool decreased by 40% due to the active use of forest resources. The high degree of plowing in Kursk region and almost complete reduction of woody vegetation led to a significant reduction in carbon pools of phytomass (75%) and soil (by 23-27%).

Fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.) from the Rostov region in herbarium collections in Russia O.N. Demina, L.L. Rogal, M.A. Abacharaeva Abstract. The paper provides an overview of the accumulated data and a brief history of the use of the fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium) in connection with its assumed harvesting. in Rostov region it is considered to be a rare species, listed in the regional Red Book, but in the adjacent areas the fireweed has no legal protection status. The above said served as the  basis for the study of herbarium collections that are stored in the country's largest herbariums. The obtained data allow us to determine its location in the basin of the Lower Don (basin of the river Glubokaja) and undertake measures aimed at the  protection of C. angustifolium in the Rostov region.

The content and distribution of heavy metals in gray forest soil and the specificity of their receipt in plants Konarbaeva Galina A., Yakimenko Vladimir N. Institute of soil science and agrochemistry Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; konarbaeva@issa.nsc.ru Content and distribution of heavy metals in grey forest soil and specificity of their intake by plants Summary: The content and distribution of copper, cobalt and zinc were studied in the system plant – soil of long-term trial established at grey forest soil in the forest steppe belt of Western Siberia. The mineral fertilizers (nitrogenous, phosphoric and potassic) which were yearly applied in the agrocenosis in the course of a quarter of century served as a permanent source of heavy metals (HM). The conducted studies showed that optimization on of mineral nutrition of plants not only ensured of full value productional process but also reduced the content of HM in soil and plants. More over, the conducted studies confirmed general regularity of limitation of HM entry into reproductive and storage organs (seeds, fruits, tubers) and their heightened accumulation in generative organs (leaves, stems). Long-term use of scientifically grounded doses of fertilizers did not lead to accumulation of HM in soil and plants in meaningful amounts as concerns of active sanitary and hygienic guidelines. At the same time, contemporary level of chemicalization of farming requires the monitoring of HM under study in order to reveal their excess and lack.

Yao Mu, Xinzhi Mu Fossil energy is the product of a series of complex chemical reactions inside the earth under high temperature and pressure that occur over a long period of geological time. The production of fossil energy requires a tremendous heat source. Although the majority of coal, oil and gas exist in sedimentary basins with rich geothermal resources, a “sea of oil” or “sea of gas” does not occur within the crust. Petroleum, natural gas, shale gas, etc. exist underground in a huge “capillary network” that consists of rock pores, cracks, caves, faults and sand. Cracks and faults may be entirely within the crust. Deposits of fossil energy only cover a small portion of the earth’s surface, and the maximum depth of human mining is only 5 kilometers. Petroleum, natural gas and shale gas seal these pores, cracks, faults and sand beds, effectively preventing excessive leakage of terrestrial heat flow. The enormous pressure formed by petroleum, natural gas and shale gas within the crust oppose the earth’s interior thermal pressure, achieving a dynamic balance. Once petroleum, natural gas and shale gas have been mined, the earth’s interior terrestrial heat flow follows the capillary network because of the loss of thermal insulation and heat-sealants and eventually reaches the surface, causing the crust underlying the surface to “fever” and triggering ecological and geological disasters. Huge amounts of extreme dispersed heat force the water vapor, CO2, CH4 and other gases from the crust into the atmosphere and oceans, which disrupts the atmospheric energy balance and causes climate change and meteorological disasters. With increasing sea temperatures, air humidity has also increased, which has produced the strongest recorded typhoons, hurricanes and tropical cyclones, as well as the strongest recorded local rainfall, snow, drought, winter and cold conditions. These conditions are expected to become more frequent, with the weather becoming more extreme and violent. Global climate will long-term warming if energy mining does not stop.

The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene (FSHR) polymorphisms and hormon levels in women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment This study was performed to investigate the association between FSH receptor (FSHR) gene polymorphism at position 680 and the number of dominant follicles, also the FSH and LH levels before controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and after it. One hundred patients from 24 to 42 who underwent IVF-ET procedures were included in this study. Three groups were formed: patients with normal ovary response, patients with ovary hyperstimulation and patients with poor ovary response. The FSHR polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The FSHR genotype distribution in patients with normal ovary response was 45,3%  for AA, 39,6% for AG and  15,1% for GG. There was no difference among the three genotype groups. The basal levels of FSH and levels after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation were significantly higher in patients with poor ovary response. LH levels after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation were significantly lower in patients with normal ovary response. The basal levels of AMH were significantly higher in patients with ovary hyperstimulation.

Finding a new species of snowdrop (Galanthus platyphyllus Traub et Moldenke) for the flora of Karachay-Cherkessia The endemic Caucasian snowdrop flat-leaved (Galanthus platyphyllus Traub et Moldenke, 1947) is a rare species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and a number of regional ones. It has a limited area, part of which is located on the territory of Russia. In the Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory, the species is listed with a category and status as "Vulnerable" - 2, a locally encountered Transcaucasian endemic species with a shrinking population, where it is threatened with final destruction; is also included in the Red Book of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, where the state of its population due to the inaccessibility of habitats is not of particular concern. G. platyphyllus is included in the Conventionon International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES, Appendix II) (2006). On the territory of the KCR, until now, it was reliably known of the growth of only the alpine snowdrop – G. alpinus Sosn., collected in the vicinities of the village of Asiatsky, in a moist beech forest, on the slope of the northwestern exposition in the valley of the river B. Laba. The location of G. platyphyllus was previously unknown and is given for the first time. The location of G. platyphyllus was found in a moist forest, in the valley of the river B. Laba, on the right bank, 6 km to the south from the village of Asiatsky settlement, 902 m above sea level. Sea, April 5, 2017. Flowering was recorded in early April.

Agrogene Transformation and Humus State of Soil in Farmland of Orenburg Zauralye Сhernozem southern and dark chestnut soils in various farmland (virgin land, hayfield, grazing areas, fallow land, arable land) are investigated in Orenburg Zauralye. It was established that the agrogene transformation of ecosystems is associated with the following processes: 1) decrease of phytocenosis productivity on account of reducing underground biomass; 2) deterioration in the structural-aggregate state of the soils; 3) easing of the intensity of carbon dioxide emission from soils; 4) reduction of humus content (for 8% -29% of the original value); 5) changes in fractional-group composition of humus in the direction of reducing the content of GA2 fraction.

New geological and geochemical data of prospects of oil-and-gas content of deep-laying deposits of the North of Western Siberia Geological structure of deep-seated deposits in the north of Western Siberia, lithology and reservoir properties of the Jurassic and pre-Jurassic rocks, geochemical characteristics razreza were refined. Proizvedena preliminary assessment of hydrocarbon potential has made. The dependence of the quantities of hydrocarbon reserves on the deposits from paleofatsialnoy depositional environment, sediment thickness and catagenetic transformation of the original organic matter.

The ecological situation of Petrozavodsk municipal district urban forests The characteristic of the current sanitary and forest pathology conditions of 45 urban forest sections of Petrozavodsk urban district of the Republic of Karelia has been done. Data processing was conducted using GIS technologies, principal component analysis and by averaging the point estimates using the median. There were allocated 5 group sections of urban forests: minimum (17 % of total urban forest area), weak (18 %), medium (31 %), strong (4 %) and maximum (30 %) disturbed. It is proposed to use the obtained data for rational planning of urban development.

The Influence of Electromagnetic Irradiation of Millimeter Range on the Ability of Pathogenic Corynebacteria to Biofilm Formation Theoretical and experimental substantiation of millimeter waves in different frequency bands influence on the formation of pathogenic corynebacteria subpopulations with low and high ability to form biofilms is presented in the article. It was experimentally proved that electromagnetic waves in 61,0 GHz frequency range, stimulated ability of corynebacteria to form biofilms; irradiation 42,2 GHz frequency range, on the contrary, inhibited these properties.

Effect of screening plants according to grain size, the use of fertilizers, plant protection on yield and quality of seeds sown barley varieties Sobolek Butkovskaya Lydia Kuzminichna., Kuzmin Dmitriy Nikolaevich. The results of studies of responsiveness of seeds of different size of the means of chemical plant protection products and fertilizers. With the use of intensive technologies of the emergence of another species (Pallidum) in spring barley Sobolek reduced. The selection of coarse barley seeds Sobolek in primary seed, fertilizer and chemical plant protection increase the productivity of seeds to 0,15-1,22 t / ha, 1-3% germination, varietal purity of 1-2%.

Influence of changes in the physico-chemical and agrochemical indicators of chernozem soil during its anthropogenic disturbance on the yield of white mustard and urease activity of soil Technogenically disturbed soils on the basis of podzolized chernozem were modeled and studied. It is shown that disturbance of the soil leads to decreasing content of major nutrients and the deterioration of physical and chemical properties. We found the coefficients of correlation, showing the dependence of the productivity of white mustard, which were seeded at the biological stage of reclamation of disturbed soil, on the above factors.

The health status of the population of the village of Antipayuta Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district as an indicator of the quality of the living environment Unique data on the health status of the population of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The demographic situation was characterized by a positive natural population increase through high birth rates and high infant mortality. Shown significant growth in environmentally related disorders of blood, blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanisms (due to anemia) and diseases of the digestive system.

Inbriding as the regulation factor of pathogenesis in forest ecosystems Imbreeding, as the reproduction from the mating  of  genetically related parents, is usual in the wild nature. As purposeful process, inbreeding is widely applied in selection of plants and animals. Inbreeding results in increased homozygosity. Homozygosity  can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. The homozygosity of  offspring    usually raises, because the number of identical alleles in their genomes of the subsequent individuals  increases. Homozygosity reduces fitness of population, weakens it, that is causes inbreeding depression. The purpose of the given work –    to use the factor of the inbreeding depressions for suppression of pathogenic  populations in forest ecosystems. Inbreeding in the ecosystems is reached as a result of reproductive isolation of pathogenic organisms. Inbreeding leads to a decreased fitness of a population. The researches were spent in the Central Russian forest-steppe. Modelling test objects were the economically significant  and well-known fungi   Erisiphe alphitoiges, Heterobasidion annosum and Porodaedalea pini.

Application of biological preparations on crops of Galega and their impact on the productivity of green mass and seeds Degunova Natalia Borisovna. Danilova Yulia Borisovna, Shkodina Elena Petrovna Discusses how to increase productivity of green mass of Galega in the first years of life, the prospects of seed production of fodder Galega with crops. The results of experiments on inoculate and coinoculation crops of vetch in pure form and in the composition of two-component mixtures.

Optimization of information data analyzed in the process of neural network prediction outcome pathology of hemostasis Neural network systems for diagnostics and prognosis are actively introduced in clinical practices in last five years. These systems have higher detection sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional scales for valuation status severity. However the description most of these systems are not include information of principles and algorithms for selection neural network input parameters. Often this leads to redundancy of researched parameters, which in turn have negative impact upon work result of neural network systems. In this article proposed to the algorithm of informative parameters selection for information data optimization, analyzed in process neural network prognosis of outcome pathology hemostasis. neural network, algorithm, informative parameter.

To the question of enhancing of productivity for flat open systems for microalgae culturing E. Onyshchenko In our research we identify the ways to enhance industrial productivity of green microalgae culturing in open pond systems. For effective large - scale implementation of controlled culturing, technologies providing high productive growth in conditions of natural light irradiation are required. Light conversion efficiency with two different culturing methods for Chlorella in conditions duplicating light energy density, typical for middle latitude meteo- climatological conditions is compared.

Behavioral effects of female sex hormones of different nature of the immobilized male white rats Frolova Galina Aleksandrovna, Bogdanova Svetlana Aleksandrovna Found that the sensitivity of male white rats to immobilization stress (10 days of 2 hours) is directly dependent on baseline activity of the animals. Natural female sex steroid estrone (estrone, 1.0 mg/kg, 10 days) caused an inhibition of locomotor and exploratory activity in stressed rats is not dependent on the initial level of activity. Synthetic analogue of the female sex hormone origin of non-steroidal (sinestrol, 0.8 mg/kg, 10 days) in low and intermediate level of stressed rats acts as a stress-limiting factor, high-level direction of impact of sinestrolom coincides with the effects of estrone.

Regularities of the processes of transport and deposition of soil material by water flows small depth The main objective of this work by the example of soddy-podzolic soil of different degree of wash off quantitatively assess the ability of small depth flows at the system level «flow-soil» to transfer certain mass of soil material. Determination of quantities transfer and deposition of soddy-podzolic soil of different degree of wash off spend on a large erosive tray. In the experiments was determined by the following indicators: the average velocity of flow and turbidity of water, the radius of the transported and deposited in the stream bed of aggregates and other. These indicators are used for verification of the theoretical equation transporting capacity.  

Application of the European soil standards in the territory of Azerbaijan At present the integration to the European and international structures goes on in many directions, including scientific. Against a background of globalization it is fundamentally important to form an adequate soil-information space which would ensure progressive international cooperation in the field of soil science. As is known, the new digital soil database of Mediterranean and Caucasus Countries’ territory in the format of the soil geographical information system of the European Union (EU) is being prepared within the program for the Extension of the European Soil Database (ESDB). These researches intend to create the Soil Geographical Database of Eurasia at scale 1 : 1, 000, 000 as a part of the European Soil Information System (EUSIS). The current stage of the Azerbaijan soil resources inventory on supranational level is closely linked with the processes of adaptation of the country to the conditions of new geopolitical realities. It is of fundamental importance to preserve and develop the national scientific and practical traditions and their harmonious integration with the EU soil inventory. Taking into consideration the urgency of the problem, we have made researches in order to create the digital data base of the soils of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The digital soil map of Azerbaijan has been prepared in a scale of 1:1000000 using modern geoinformation technologies and taking into account the ESDB requirements. During the analysis of soil database of Azerbaijan, some difficulties that impede the integration process to the ESDB were revealed. Generally, the work that has been done brought to a conclusion that the knowledge available on soils of Azerbaijan makes the integration to the EU soil-geographic data base possible.  

Experience to improve the fertility of soil in nurseries Eastern Transbaikalia Pak Larisa Nikolaevna, Bobrinev Viktor Petrovich The results of studies on the establishment of a forest nursery of Eastern Transbaikalia effective crop rotation, allowing to preserve the fertility of the soil, grow trees planting material in a shorter period and to reduce the cost of cultivation more than doubled.

Features photosynthesizing activity in needles Picea ajanensis and Picea Smithiana in the town forests in Ussuriisk Titova M.S., Rozlomiy N.G. The content and the ratio of exchange photosynthetic pigments in the needles of Picea ajanensis and Picea Smithiana were investigated in the town forests in Ussuriisk . It is established that the amount of photosynthetic pigments of introduce species is inferior to the local species. These data extend the idea of the pigment complex of introduced coniferous species and can be used to diagnose the state of photosynthetic apparatus.

The induction of chromosomal aberrations by etoposide in Cyclops kolensis и Cyclops insignis (Copepoda, Crustacea) A.K. Grishanin, G.E.Grishanin The frequency of chromosome aberrations in the embryonic cells of Cyclops kolensis and Cyclops insignis was determined when cyclops embryos were treated with Etoposide . A reduction in the frequency of chromosome aberrations (CA) in somatic cells lines Cyclops kolensis after chromatin diminution was installed. It's shown that chromosome aberrations frequency of Cyclops insignis at appropriate stages of embryogenesis due to the impact of Etoposide solution of the same concentration did not change. The significant differences in the CA frequencies of somatic line cells of Cyclops kolensis when embryos were exposed in increasing concentrations of Etoposide solutions  out.

Architectural and morphometric analysis of tree species The growth is described as variations of bine-gemma complex. New marks for characteristic of the growth of crown for different types of plants were performed the mark of participation of gemmas, multiple number of augmentation, mart of bines growth leading. This method is different plants on the perspective types into introduction future nature.

Age and tissue-specific features of the peroxide modification of proteins against the background of emotional-painful stress and preliminary introduction of а-tocopherol Investigated age differences and the level of peroxidation of proteins of male white rats when emotional-painful stress and the introduction of α-tocopherol. The changes in the intensity of peroxide degradation of proteins in various tissues, depending on the age of the animal. Shown as a protective and prooxidant effect of α-tocopherol, depending on the age and the tissue under examination.  

The effect of humic substances and pesticides on the yield of spring wheat The paper presents the research on the effect of humic substances in tank mixtures with pesticides on the structure of the crop, the development of root rot, grain yield and quality of spring wheat.  

Disorders of cellular and humoral immunity ulcer diseases The article deals with contemporary ideas on the state of immunological reactivity under ulcer disease. The role of immune disturbances in the development of clinical manifestations of ulcer disease is shown. Interrelations of different links of the immune system, correlations between specific immunity and natural protection of the organism are considered. Found that patients observed a variety of disorders immunological reactivity. Violations of the immunological reactivity observed in the acute stage and remain in remission.  

The levels of UV-induced mutagenesis change in case of mutations in chromatin-remodeling proteins encoding genes are combined with the rad54 mutation in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae DOT1, HSM6 and ASF1 genes encode crucial protein chromatin modifiers. We studied the effects of combining dot1, hsm6 and asf1 mutations with rad54 mutation. It’s demonstrated that the enormous increase of UV-induced mutagenesis is representative for dot1rad54, hsm6rad54 and asf1rad54 double mutants. Simultaneously the levels of survival of these double mutants change under the UV light action.

Morphological and physiological parameters of erythrocytes in oxidative stress at different stages of ontogenesis The results indicate the age-related deviations from physiological level of the prevailing number of the investigated morphological and physiological parameters of peripheral erythrocytes functional status, indicating the lack of these indicators stability in the late ontogenesis, significant defects of the gas transmission function of red blood cells, especially presented when inhale rats with hydrogen sulfide gas.  

The effect of Mexidol on clinical and immunological status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease The assessment of efficiency of meksidol therapy on clinical and immunological status has been made for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the acceptability of physical loads, quality of life and probability of survival of patients with COPD being cousidered against the background of mexidol treatment. It has been established that the use of this preparation in a complex therapy for COPD patients is accompanied by positive dynamics of respiratory symptoms and improves the quality of life of patients. Patients with COPD have a depression of absorbency of neutrophil phagocytics capacity and increasing its metabolic activity with the formation of reactive oxygen species, the probability of a 4 year survival in patients with COPD.  

Research on the influence of endogenous bioregulators, isolated from blood serum and bones of mammals, on the regeneration of amphibian limbs The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bioregulators (BR) on anurans limb regeneration and to maintain the viability of the tissues of the developing salamanders regenerate in vitro. During this work it was found that the ability of Xenopus laevis to regenerate hindlimb in metamorphosis stage depends on the level of amputation, while stimulating regeneration by BR isolated from blood serum, decreases when the regenerative capacity increases. BR from serum had a pronounced effect on the regeneration of Xenopus laevis hindlimb in vivo when amputation was in the proximal region. BR from bone and BR from serum had a protective effect on the condition of the tissue regenerated limb of the newt Pleurodeles waltl provided by cultivation in vitro.  

Investigation of thermal resistance and antagonistic properties of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using antagonistic properties of some bacteria to inhibit other (pathogenic) has been studied for many years, while little attention was paid to study such properties in yeast. The yeast metabolites and yeast cells action on gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms was different. Live yeast cells were the most antagonistically active against gram-positive microorganisms and their metabolites - in relation to gram-negative.  

Regularities of formation and erosion processes during spring snowmelt on the territory of agrolandscape and their impact on the quality of river water Analysis of the results four years of research of the snowmelt runoff formation and soil loss on the catchment area of the small river Lubozhikha showed that surface runoff and soil washout has an influence not only on the intensity of erosion processes, but also on the chemical composition of river waters.  

Diversity Indicators for landscape ecology in the area of Pumat National Park, Nghean, Vietnam Diversity Indicators for landscape ecology in the area of Pumat National Park, Nghean, Vietnam Nguyen Van Hong1*, Lai Vinh Cam1, Vuong Hong Nhat1, Tran Thi Nhung1, Nguyen Phuong Thao1, Nguyen Thi Thu Hien1, Le Kieu Trang2, Dang Hung Cuong3,4, Kolesnikov Sergey Illich4   1Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam; nguyenhong.ig@gmail.com 2Vietnam National University (VNU) – School of Interdisciplinary Studies (SIS); 3Institute of Tropical Ecology, Vietnam-Russian Tropical Centre, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.   Abstract Landscape ecology structure and diversity are not only influenced by many ecologically relevant processes but also by assessing the plan, policy about the management of resources. Using landscape indicators can find out the connection between landscape components and spatial distribution. In this article, the diversity indicators are used for calculating the area of Pumat National Park, Vietnam. These include Number of patches (NP), Percentage of Landscape (PLAND), Shape (SHAPE_AM), Landscape Shape Index (LSI), Edge Contrast (ECON_AM), Contagion (CONTAG), Cohesion (COHESION), Aggregation index (AI), Simpson Diversity Index (SIDI). These indicators were calculated on landscape ecology units created from component maps that included geomorphology (topographic and geological maps), soil maps, bioclimate maps, and vegetation cover maps. The findings which are indicators measured and analyzed then show the diversity of landscape ecology will contribute to planning diversity conservation and socio-economic development in the research area.

Gentle blood sampling from tortoises (Testudines) to detect blood parasites Gentle blood sampling from tortoises (Testudines) to detect blood parasites Turkan F. Gurbanova, Nizami E. Novruzov Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan   Abstract: An alternative method for obtaining high-quality blood samples from tortoises of the genus Testudo for the detection of blood parasites by blood extraction using a medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) has been proposed. This method of blood extraction is also effective, as well as traditional methods of blood sampling from turtles, but in contrast to them, it is simple to perform, more humane and safe for these animals.

Interaction of the nuclear factor kappa bi cascade and genes regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition Interaction of the nuclear factor kappa bi cascade and genes regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition Chmykhalo V.K.1 1 Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, vkchmykhalo@icloud.com   Abstract The epithelial-mesenchymal transition is one of the sources of the emergence of new cancer stem cells in response to cancer chemotherapy. The initiation of this process depends on a number of transcription factors - Snail, Twist, Zeb, which regulate the activity of genes, involved in cellular phenotype and inter-tissue interactions. In turn, Snail, Twist, Zeb are targets for the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa bi (NF-kappaB) cascade, one of the leading signaling pathways of cell adaptation and defence both under normal conditions and in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, including various oncologies. This review study examines the interaction of NF-kappaB with genes regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells. The mechanisms of information transfer and the activation pathways of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and the regulatory network of transcription factors of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition are considered. Data on the factors of initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition with the NF-kappaB participation are presented. Roles of specific components in NF-kappaB signaling pathway are presented separately in this trigger, as well as cooperation with other signaling cascades involved in the tumors development. It also demonstrates the usage of various pharmacological, including protein, inhibitors of the NF-kappaB cascade to prevent EMT triggering. In conclusion, the facts about the regulation of NF-kappaB activity due to the reverse loop formed by the products of the target genes of the Snail, Twist, Zeb factors are presented. This work is of interest to specialists in the field of cell biology, human genetics and molecular oncology

Implementing the UN sustainable development goals for greener remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals: new trends and directions for the future Eng. Implementing the UN sustainable development goals for greener remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals: new trends and directions for the future Mahmoud Mazarji1, Muhammad Tukur Bayero2, Tatiana Minkina1, Svetlana Sushkova1, Saglara Mandzhieva1, Andrey Tereshchenko1, Rıdvan Kızılkaya2, Coşkun Gülser2 1 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation 2 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55080, Turkey     Abstract: The remediation of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil is always an important topic. Exposure to contaminated soil with carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic potential can result in serious health effects. Nowadays, rapid growth in urbanization, population, and living standards call for a finding sustainable solutions during the post-COVID-19 era. These numerous potential advantages, especially integrated with biochar produced from various biomass, might provide an ecologically beneficial tool for achieving the United Nations’ sustainable development objectives for greener soil remediation. In this context, the biochar preparation method from different agricultural feedstock and its use as a soil amendment for remediation of HMs-contaminated were discussed. Furthermore, biochar-based nanocomposites containing functional materials have lately attracted much interest because of the unique properties emerging from their nanoscale size compartment, which present a good promise in terms of reactivity and stability. The utility and potency of these biochar-based nanocomposites, on the other hand, are determined by their ability to adapt to particular site circumstances and soil qualities. This overview effectively summarizes the current advances in the application for the remediation of polluted soils including HMs, since there is no complete assessment of the uses of biochar-based nanocomposites. Future views on the usage and possibilities for

Variation of soil fertility indicators during the cultivation of winter wheat using no-till technology Eng. Variation of soil fertility indicators during the cultivation of winter wheat using no-till technology Uralev L.I.1, Biryukova O.A.1, Ilchenko Y.I.1, Ilchenko A.E.1 1Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia     Abstract: The paper presents an assessment of the spatial variability of nutrients and reserves of productive moisture in the Calcic Chernozem during the cultivation of winter wheat using the no-till technology. A significant variation in the content of nitrate nitrogen and mobile phosphorus in the soil (V> 40,0%) was found between the surveyed fields (n = 131). The spatial variability of the reserves of productive moisture is less (V = 5,0–17,0%) than the content of mobile forms of the main nutrients. Perhaps this is due to the positive effect of no-till technology on the water regime of the soil. The spatial variability of growing conditions strongly affects the yield of winter wheat. The dependence of the crop yield on the reserves of productive moisture before sowing (r = 0,80) and in the phase of entering the tube (r = 0,34), as well as on the content of nitrate nitrogen (r = 0,34) and mobile phosphorus in the soil before sowing (r = 0,30). The results obtained indicate the need to adjust the doses of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in the fields of an agricultural enterprise. At the same time, the effectiveness of various agrotechnical methods is determined by the moisture supply before sowing and in the phase of entering the tube.

The accumulation of toxicants in the body of bees and honey in the conditions of ecologically crisis areas of the Republic of Tatarstan The article is devoted to the study of contamination of honey bees and honey toxicants in oil-producing regions of the Republic of Tatarstan. The results of the accumulation of a number of toxicants in the body of bees and honey.

Monitoring of mushrooms Agaricus bisporus (J. Lge) Imbach: diagnostics and prevention of diseases We conducted research and experiments and we determined that the mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus (J. Lge) Imbach) infected with bacteria, viruses, microscopic fungi. We recommend prevention activities to fight infections.

The comparison of standard metabolic rate and respiratory quotient in Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus, Aves) during winter and summer Standard metabolic rate in the Eurasian blue tit during winter significantly lower than during summer. Respiratory quotient in the Eurasian blue tit during winter higher than during summer, but not significantly. Standard metabolic rate and respiratory quotient had well pronounced diurnal rhythms with minimum in the nighttime (from 2 a. m. to 5 a. m.) and maximum in the daytime. The maximum difference between standard metabolic rates during daytime and nighttime was 45 % during winter and 15 % during summer.

The effect of foliar feeding of micronutrients on the formation yield of spring rape seeds One of the promising directions in improvement of technology of cultivation of spring oilseed rape is the application of microelements. The results of the studies have revealed increasing the yield of spring rape seeds by 19.7 % with foliar feeding is examined boric and sulfur fertilizers.

The study of the allelic state of microsatellite loci of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) The results of studies of the genetic polymorphism in varieties and hybrids of sugar beet, of which several were polymorphic, are presented. Five types of alleles at marker 086 GZM were identified and analyzed using SSR-analysis. Established genetic similarity between two pairs of hybrids through the test locus, may indicate their common origin.

Bayesian analysis of 2?2 contingency tables relative proportions A new standard expression for distribution of epidemiological risk ratio estimates has been found out using two by two methods of study. Comparing homogeneous groups the distribution is operational within wide-ranging conditions studying both rare and frequent events. Support value of the distribution formula will increase primarily in cases with small amount of the cases or controls observed. Using the derived distribution excess mortality from lung cancer of the Mayak PA workers was associated with radiation exposure with high reliability of the observation.

The comparative study of the influence of pathogenic factors on the formation of congenital and acquired neurosensory hearing loss The aim is to carry out a comparative analysis of pathogenic factors influence on the formation of congenital and acquired NHL and on the formation of complex pathologies and peculiarities of psycho-physiological status of the child. Сhildren with NHL have a physical developmental lag in the process of individual ontogenesis, which is manifested in the lack of functional maturity of somatic and visceral systems of the body, the simultaneous presence of different of anomalies of growth and development. The comparative analysis of the influence of the environmental pathogenic factors on the formation of the congenital and the acquired NHL showed that the condition of intra- and inter-hemispheric integration and the nature of spectral power density of the EEG ranges in children with NHL can act as a functional criterion for the pathology development.

Problems and prospects of the main biogenic elements intramolecular isotope correlations using as a new resource of different aetiology pathologies diagnostics It is shown that chemical elements isotopes fractioning in chemical and biochemical reactions is based on two fundamental kernel properties — the mass and the spin; differences between them can affect on both chemical reactions speed and reactive systems energy state. In some cases deviations in mass-dependent linear isotopic effect for most of uneven isotopes from hydrogen to uranium are observed. These fractioning peculiarities can be used: in living organisms — for early disease detection of different aetiology pathology; in abiogenous natural systems — for new methods of heavy elements isotopes enrichment development.

Formation of the liver in amphibian larval period on the example of the green toad (Bufo Viridis Laurenti, 1768) Describes the morpho-physiological characteristics of the emerging liver in larvae of the green toad (Bufo viridis Laurenti, 1768). Identified that studied the body performs the function of blood during larval development period. In the liver are formed elements of the blood of all lines. Describes he specifics of the organization and morphological changes of the body from developing larvae. There are some pathological changes in the liver and formed elements of blood.

Kasatik mistrue (Iris notha Bieb.) in Azov district of Rostov Province Results of the two Iris notha Bieb. cenopopulations studies in Azov district of Rostov Province in a valley of Vodinskaja gorge (river Tchumburka bassin), first registered in 2014 are presented. There are determined: population area, quantity, density, age structure of cenopopulations, seeds productivity, limiting factors.

Communication quantitative chromosomal abnormalities of spermatozoa and preimplantation embryos Modern genetic diagnosis allows to establish chromosomal nondisjunction not only in postnatal and prenatal periods, but also in germ cells and early embryos. Thus, the most common nondisjunction in sperm are 18 and sex chromosomes. The most common aneuploidy in preimplantation embryos are chromosomes 21 and 18. Win abnormal embryos was 65,2 %, which indicates that the most effective elimination of nonviable embryos in early preimplantation stage.

Characteristics of regenerative processes in the reproductive system of cows in disadvantaged on viral leukemia farms Reproduction of the herd at the epizootic troubles is a challenge for many farms. Special therapeutic approach to gynecological pathology is required for detection of viral bovine leukemia.

Total ecosystem respiration and evapotranspiration of steppe catena (West Siberia) The article deals with the diurnal dynamics of CO2 emission and evapotranspiration of steppe ecosystems. The profiles of carbon dioxide distribution in soil atmosphere were set under soil salinity conditions. The findings help to explain the ecological function of steppe catena.

Features of action of weak low-frequency alternating magnetic field on the intensity of division planarian Dugesia tigrina at static magnetic field with "zero" and geomagnetic values It have been shown that exposure of the planarians to low-frequency alternating magnetic field (frequency of 3,7 Hz, the amplitude of 40 nT, exposure 4 h) in combination with a static magnetic field collinear with the induction of 42 mT promoted its division. On other hand compensation of the static magnetic field (induction £ 0,1 mT) by means of alternating magnetic field resulted in the opposite directional inhibitory effect consisted of reduction of the number of divisions of planarians.

Dynamics of toxicity waters of the small river within megapolis (r. Temernik, SFD) Ecological problems of small rivers were considered. Based on years of material toxicity waters r. Temernik (SFD) at bioassay was shown the evolution of toxicity classes and ecological status of water.

Erosion processes on the territory of small catchment — regularities of formation Analysis of the results four years of research of the snowmelt runoff formation and soil loss on the catchment area of the small river Lubozikha showed that surface runoff and soil washout has an influence not only on the intensity of erosion processes, but also on the chemical composition of river waters.

To the study of water mites (Acariformes) as part of a small river Devitsa Zooperiphiton (Voronezh region) An ecologo-faunistic information about 13 species from 6 families of water mites of zooperiphyton  river Devitsa (Limestone North Central Russian upland, Voronezh region), of which 10 are listed for the first time for the region. Identified dominant and rare species, preferences in of various substrates.

Effects of partial cutting on soil microbial complex in pinewoods of Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe region The analysis of a structural-functional condition of soil microbita has shown, that satisfactory soil forest-vegetation conditions the pinewoods density of 0,6—0,7 which have been passed by the first cutting. Intensity of felling a forest stand, the season of lumbering and a way of brush disposal the promote redistribution in structure of eco-trophic groups of microorganisms and formation of an optimum level of enzymes activity in soil.

The role of agrochemistry in the conditions of modern agriculture in Russia An analysis of current problems and the negative consequences of underestimating major laws of agriculture in the Russia were carried out. Have considered the ecological function of agrochemistry in agroecosystems and the conditions which necessary for the successful development and modernization of  agriculture of the country.

The soil and microbiological characteristics of virgin and deposit gray forest soils of Priangarye, are formed in conditions of hillocky relief One of the factors that determine the characteristics of soil formation and soil microbial processes in the Priangarye is hillocky relief. It promotes differentiation of soil-forming processes in the soil profile and a sharp difference of their morphology and properties. When plowing of soil is a significant change in the properties of soils [12] and microbiological parameters [13], which for a long time is saved when translated into deposit mode.

Introduction of trees and shrubs in the Nikita Botanical Gardens and their naturalization on the Crimean peninsula The check-list of trees and shrubs presented in collection of the Nikita Botanical Gardens capable for self-reproduction or run wild on the territory of Crimean peninsula have been provided. Invasive activity of species have been given according to the categories used in the database on naturalized species in European botanical gardens.

Agroecological efficiency of use of rice meliorative cultivated lands on the basis of the evaluation of agricultural resource territory potential The approbation of methodological approaches according to the agroecological evaluation of lands of rice irrigation system has been conducted. Based on the analysis of statistic and predicted data on yield capacity of rice crop rotation it has been proved that it can be eligible for developing farming system in rice cultivation. The correspondence between actual and calculated according to the degree method of agroecological land quality has been discovered.

Some peculiarities of reproductive system of the campanula sibirica l. (campanulaceae) The results of biology study Campanula sibirica L. at the conditions of his nature growth at the mountain Crimea have been presented. Peculiarities of the male and female reproductive structures development (availability of the placentoid and the fibrous thickening in the walls of the connective cells in microsporangium, development postamento-podium and hypostases in ovule etc.) have been shown. The of flowering and pollination processes have been described in details; the phenomenon of the invagination, the male phase in the flower  bud, structure of seeds, and also the mechanism of dissemination have been illustrated.  The conclusion about the formation many quantity of seeds and possibility their dissemination at greatly distance has been determinated of the original peculiarities of flowering, pollination and also the structure fruits and the  dissemination of this species  has been made.

Lunaria rediviva L. (Cruciferae) from Mordovian State Nature Reserve in Conditions in vivo and in vitro Perennial honesty is the tertiary relict of European deciduous forests. In the Republic of Mordovia it known from the Mordovian State Nature Reserve and the National Park «Smolny» and it is included in the regional Red Data Book. Population of Lunaria rediviva L. from the Mordovian State Nature Reserve was studied. The composition of the accompanying flora is revealed and it is analyzed on the environment factors. Comparison of the ratio of age groups and generative elements of individuals in the population for 2011—2012 was carried out. The attempt to reduce the stratification period of Lunaria rediviva seed in its germination in culture in vitro by exposure to sterilants was made.

Teptiaries: population and genetic characteristic Population and genetic characteristics of Tatars-teptyaries, for populations of the rank «Village Council» and «area», living in Menzelinsky, Muslyumovsky and Aktanyshsky regions of the Republic of Tatarstan are analysed in this work. Constantly decreasing extended mode of reproduction and the lowest level of metisation amongst  rural people is found. The scheme of a family landscape is analysed. Values of a random and local inbriding for the Village Councils of three areas are given.

The kind of adventitious flora in the Kaliningrad city 201 kind considered adventives plant growing in the Kaliningrad city. The analysis of adventives species.

Information Technology Education in the Soil Sciences Stroganova M. N. In article approaches to creation of informatization infrastructure of education in soil sciences and feature of the organization of educational process at the present stage are considered. This application of electronic textbooks, network means, including Internet, test quality control of knowledge. Positive and negative lines of educational process in Bologna Process are considered. Examples of equipment and ways of teaching of a soil cover of the world and structure of a soil cover in connection with new requirements are described.

Effects of Combined Lead Contamonation and Alternating Magnetic Field on the Number of Sadny Soil Microorganisms Mazanko M.S. Kolesnikov S.I. Denisova T.V. Studied the effect of lead contamination, an alternating magnetic field, their combination on such groups of soil microorganisms, as ammonifying, amylolytic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and micromycetes. Pollution had a significant and different effect on the number of soil microorganisms. The nature and extent of this effect varied depending on the level of impact of each factor, and they were not linear.

Biogeosistem’s Techniques — Epistemological Foundation of Ecosystem’s Maintenance Kalinichenko V. P. The basement of global of biosphere dynamics and the long-term principles of geographical sphere protection and ecosystem’s management are proposed. An epistemological base of land use is the synthesis of long-term sustainable biogeosystems with reliably predictable properties and starting conditions of long-term operation of biogeosystem for a period of 30–50 years. The increase in biological production of the Earth is possible by creating a long-term soil conditions for root system of plants development, long-term stability and productivity of biogeosystem. The radically new subsurface pulse continuous-discrete paradigm of irrigation is revealed. The biogeosystem’s technique concept will provide an opportunity to synthesize in Russia the diversified innovative precedent of next high-technological structure of the current civilization of Earth. The theoretical foundations and application-oriented means to solve a problem of steady consistent management of biogeosystem and create in the soils the disperse systems of new quality, having changed a parity of processes of sedimentation, pedogenesis, lithogenegis for high efficiency of biologically active phase of soil in biosphere and to solve a problem of recreational biogeosystem’s technique are developed.

Influence of New Biologically Awake Preparation «Embrioprim» on Microbiocenosis of an Intestine of Dogs at an Experimental Dysbacteriosis Timchenko L., Gandraburova N. New biologically awake preparation «Embrioprim», recommended for correction of breaking of microbiocenosis of an intestine and elimination of functional distresses of an organism accompanying them at animals is developed and tested. The basic microbial ingredient of a preparation is sublimed culture Lactobacillus acidophilus ЕР 317\402 ЕР 317\402, and not microbial substance is introduced by the activated is embryonal-egg mass of hens and auxiliary ingredients (the minced shell of an egg and amber acid). Embrioprim on obligate, and also overwhelming action the expressed positive impact makes on a pathogenic microflora of an intestine of experimental animals that testifies to its high symbiotic properties.

Number and Mean Frequency of Species on Sites of Natural and Synanthropic Subalpine Plant Communities of West Caucassus Akatov V. V., Akatova T. V., Chefranov S. G. For detecting density compensation effect in subalpine plant communities of West Caucasus the relationship between number and mean frequency of species in plots 15–16 m2 were analyzed, using a computer simulation models. The results demonstrated that 1) communities with low species richness can be characterized by, as low, so and high mean frequency of species; 2) relatively high mean frequency of species exist mainly in isolated plant communities; 3) the anthropogenic transformation of natural subalpine plant communities in grazed-over area has not caused broad spreading the density compensation effect.

Norms for Arsenic’s Contamination of Soil Bezuglova O. S., Okolelova A. A. In our research we identify inaccuracy in assessment of low-degree arsenic’s contamination based on two background values to MPC, because the MPC is calculated in terms of exceeding background values higher on 2 mg/kg. We evaluate the low-degree arsenic’s contamination of soils as the difference between background values and MPC. Another informative assessment of arsenic’s accumulation in soils includes analysis of ratio of its concentration to the regional background value. In case if the regional background value is unknown, the assessment employs the ratio of arsenic’s concentration to Clark (CC). However, CC doesn’t have the classification scale. That fact reduces its benefits as useful assessment tool of soil contamination’s degree. In our article we devise CC’s classification scale that works for the assessment purposes.

Sunflower Chlorophyll Mutations Induced by N-Nitrosomethylurea and Character of Its Inheritance I. Variegated Mutants Usatov A.V. , Kolokolova N.S., Rogkova O.K., Usatova O.A., Chesnokova N.A., Fedorova M.A., Plotnikov v. G. Variegated mutants of the sunflower chlorophyll mutant collection of Southern federal university were studied. Its uniqueness consists in the fact that it was worked out on the base of one inbred line. Secondly, only one mutagen (N-nitrosomethylurea) was used for mutation inductions. Variegated mutants are characterized by leaves having white, yellow and yellow-green sectors of the various sizes and forms. Chlorophyll deficient sectors may be caused by some reasons in green plants. However, long-term researches of induced variegated mutants showed that they met the classic criteria of plastid inheritance. They are characterized by permanent somatic segregation, one-parental maternal inheritance of mutant character, defects of plastid structure and functions, presence of heteroplastid cells on the borderline between normal and mutant tissues.

Mn content and distribution in southern chernozem during cultivation of various crops. The results of investigations of manganese content and distribution in Haplic Chernozem agrocenoses of the central irrigated zone of Rostov region are given.  Soil samples were taken by genetic horizons from 5 full-profile transects: 2 – under winter wheat; 2 – under vine plants; 1 – under clean fallow. Acetate-ammonium buffer solution was used to determine mobile Mn compounds in soil, followed by application of atomic absorption spectrometry. The total content of the element was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis on the device "Spectroscan MAKS-GV". It was found that the content of manganese, both gross and mobile, in the Haplic Chernozem corresponds to the background level and does not exceed permissible concentrations. The low mobility of biomicroelement (1,6 -5,0 % of total) is a regional feature of soil. Biological features of cultivated crops determine the content of mobile compounds of manganese. The general regularity in distribution of gross and mobile compounds of Mn in Haplic Chernozem, caused by biogenic accumulation in the upper part of humus horizon, has been revealed. The peculiarities of intraprofile differentiation of gross and mobile manganese by genetic horizons of Haplic Chernozem have been established: for gross manganese a smooth decrease down the profile, for its mobile compounds – accumulation in the upper humus horizons, then a sharp decrease with an increasing  the alkalinity of the soil solution.

Anthropogenic Factors Determining the Nature of the Absheron Industrial Region Urbanized Territory – Sumgait – Baku Cities Eng. Anthropogenic Factors Determining the Nature of the Absheron Industrial Region Urbanized Territory – Sumgait – Baku Cities Bagirova Chinara Z. Institute of Microbiology of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku Abstract: The article considers anthropogenic and technogenic factors that affect the ecological state of the landscapes of the Absheron industrial region and the components of the ecosystems of Sumgait and Baku-soil, atmosphere, and water. In the highly urbanized territory of the Absheron industrial region in the areas of the Sumgait-Baku cities, the main sources of pollution are emissions from petrochemical, chemical, machine-building and other industries, oil production in the territories adjacent to the city, and motor transport. A systematic analysis of the state of the territory of the Absheron industrial region showed that the low level of assimilation capacity of the environment of the studied region is primarily determined by a high degree of urbanization, arid climate, low ecosystem weight and low natural biodiversity, which determines a high level of sensitivity to pollution and low oxygen reproductive capacity – only 0.8 million tons / year, associated with weak vegetation cover (covered with natural ephemeral vegetation only in spring and autumn), an increase in the ground water level, low bioclimatic potential, unfavorable water-thermal regime, lack of surface water, runoff, the presence of highly mineralized, polluted reservoirs, the characteristic unstable relationship between individual components in landscapes and the lack of mutual compensation between them.

Fractional composition of mineral phosphates in Haplic Chernozem with different cultivation methods Fractional composition of mineral phosphates in Haplic Chernozem with different cultivation methods Kuchmenko E.V.1, Biryukova O.A.1, Kamenev R.A.2 Medvedeva A.M. 1 1 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia 2 Don Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture, Rassvet, Russia;   Abstract: The fractional composition of mineral phosphates in the soil depends on its genetic features and the impact of various factors on the soil, including anthropogenic factors. The purpose of this research is to study the fractional composition of mineral phosphates in Haplic Chernozem under different tillage techniques. The research was carried out as a field experiment on the territory of CJSC Novobatayskaya of Kagalnitskiy district, Rostov region. The scheme of experiment consists from 1) ploughing (25-27 cm), 2) discing (10-12 cm), 3) chiseling (no-tillage to a depth of 25-27 cm). Experimental crop is winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). The soil is Haplic Chernozem carbonate thick clayey on loess loam. Soil samples were taken before sowing and in the phase of winter wheat emergence at layers: 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100 cm. Fractional composition of mineral phosphates in the soil was determined by the Chang and Jackson method modified by Ginzburg-Lebedeva; total phosphorus was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. It was found that the Haplic Chernozem is characterized by a rather high potential of phosphorus supply to plants nutrition. Before sowing winter wheat, the content of total P2O5 varies from 0.17 to 0.19 %. Mineral phosphates in the top layer of Haplic Chernozem carbonate account for 42.0-43.0 % of total phosphorus during chiseling and discing, and 32.0 % of total phosphorus during moldboard ploughing. During the emergence phase, their amount decreased slightly due to intensive use by plants. The main share of mineral phosphates in Haplic Chernozem, regardless of the cultivation method, is represented by high-basic calcium phosphates (Ca-PIII), which is due to genetic features of the soil. The solubility of calcium phosphates decreases with depth. No-tillage methods (discing and chiseling) increase the content and availability of mineral phosphates to plants in Haplic Chernozem compared with the ploughing. However, the observed effect according to the results of the first year of research is not significant, indicating the need for multi-year studies.

Drought resistance of species of the genus Acer L. from the collection of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University in the extreme drought year 2020 Drought resistance of species of the genus Acer L. from the collection of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University in the extreme drought year 2020 Fedorinova Ol'ga I., Kozlovskij Boris L., Kuropjatnikov Mihail V. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia   Abstract: According to the value of the hydrothermal index (HTI) G. T. Selyaninova Rostov-on-Don is located in the arid area (0,7 – 0,8). Drought usually begins in mid, or in late summer. In the steppe zone for introduction into the culture of woody plants monitoring of development during drought is important. This gives the most complete characterization of their properties and decorative longevity. From the complex of ecological and biological properties of woody introduced species (winter hardiness, drought resistance, resistance to pests and diseases, seed reproduction) drought resistance is considered an essential property. The aim of the research was to assess the severity of drought in typical and atypical years using HTI; to give a comparative assessment of the drought resistance of woody plants in the collection of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University using the example of the genus Acer L. According to the value HTI (<0,6), drought in 2020 was extreme. The complete absence of precipitation was observed for more than 2,5 months from August to mid-October. Thirteen maples showed average resistance to drought (grading 3). Two species were found to be weakly drought-resistant. The results of assessing the drought resistance of species in the extreme drought in 2020 showed that 15 maples are the most drought resistance and decorative longevity (30-50 years): Acer campestre, A. monspessulanum, A. monspessulanum subsp. ibericum, A. opalus, A. pentapomicum, A. platanoides, A. platanoides ‘Schwedleri’, A. platanoides ‘Globosum’, A. pseudoplatanus, A. pseudoplatanus ‘Purpureum’, A. saccharinum, A. tataricum, A. tataricum subsp. aidszuense, A. tataricum subsp ginnala, A. truncatum.

Meta-analysis of the association of polymorphic variants of the FTO, LPL, LIPC, PON1 genes with the risk of obesity in children and adolescents Meta-analysis of the association of polymorphic variants of the FTO, LPL, LIPC, PON1 genes with the risk of obesity in children and adolescents 123Marakhovskaya Tatiana Alekseevna,14Alaa Hashim Abd Ali, 1Amelina Maria Alexandrovna, 1Lyangasova Olga Vladislavovna, 1Alexandrova Angela Aslanovna, 1Mashkina Elena Vladimirovna tmarakhovskaya@mail.ru 1South Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia 2CL Medical Group, Krasnodar, Russia 3Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russia 4Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University , Kufa, Iraq     Abstract Background: To the best of author’s knowledge, presently there are no papers on the relationship of polymorphism of the FTO, LPL, LIPC, PON1 genes with the risk of obesity in children and adolescents. The relevance of this area of research is dictated by the high prevalence of obesity not only in the adult population, but also in children. The aim of this work is to study the potential relationship between the polymorphisms of the PON1 Q192R, LIPC -250G> A, LPL Ser447Ter, FTO A23525T genes and the risk of obesity, atherosclerosis, and diabetes in children and adolescents in Europe and the European part of Russia by means of meta-analysis. Methods. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the results of 9 case-control studies meeting the selected criteria has been carried out. The meta-analysis included 3603 people, divided into groups: children and adolescents with obesity or overweight — 1,877 people and children and adolescents who made up the control group, with normal weight or underweight — 1,726 people. Results. For rs9939609 of the FTO gene, a 2-fold increased risk of obesity for homozygotes for allele A was revealed (p <0.0001). Statistically significant differences for children and adolescents with obesity and normal weight were found for the dominant and recessive inheritance patterns (p <0.0001). Conclusions. Analysis of genotype frequencies in girls revealed statistically significant differences for homozygotes for allele A (p = 0.00268). For the recessive inheritance model, significant differences were found in boys and girls. The odds ratios for the A23525A genotype for girls and boys with obesity and normal weight were 1.74 (p = 0.0022) and 1.65 (p = 0.0094), respectively.

Cadastral value of agricultural soils in Rostov region Eng. Cadastral value of agricultural soils in Rostov region Sapozhnikov P. M., Shekhter K. P. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Abstract: The research demonstrates the cadastral value calculation sensitivity to different soil-geographical conditions of the Rostov region. The maximum values are noted for ordinary chernozems (Calcic Chernozem by WRB, 2015 [14])  of the fifth agro-climatic subzone, with the cadastral value reaching 31 rubles/m2. The minimum values are marked for the seventh and eighth agroclimatic subzones, where the minimum indicators of the humidity factor and agroecological potential are marked. The cadastral value of southern chernozems (Calcic Chernozem by WRB, 2015, too) ranges from 9,1 to 11,4 rubles/m2 and the cadastral value of chestnut  soils and dark chestnut soils (Kastanozems) ranges from 8,4 to 8,8 rubles/m2. Salinization resulted in the cadastral value decreasing of chernozems and meadow-chernozemic soils (Gleyic Chernozem), chestnuts, meadow-chestnut soils (Gleyic Kastanozems) and dark chestnut soils down to 75 %. The lowest rates of the cadastral value are noted for light chestnut soils (with signs of alkalization) and solonetz – from 1,1 to 0,1 rubles/m2. The article is prepared on the basis of governmental task: «The physical basis of the soils ecological functions: monitoring technologies, forecasting, and management».

RARE PLANT SPECIES IN THE TERRITORIES OF PROTECTED LANDSCAPES OF THE ROSTOV REGION RARE PLANT SPECIES IN THE TERRITORIES OF PROTECTED LANDSCAPES OF THE ROSTOV REGION Fedyaeva Valentina Vasilievna, Shmaraeva Antonina Nikolaevna, Shishlova Zhanna Nikolaevna, Kuzmenko Inna Petrovna Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; vfedyaeva@gmail.com Abstract: Rostov Region is located in the steppe zone, which is the most transformed type of zonal landscape in Northern Eurasia. The problem of preserving biological diversity in the Rostov region is being solved by developing a network of specially protected natural areas (SPNA). Currently, there are 84 specially protected natural areas in the Rostov region with a total area of 233,49 thousand hectares, which is 2,32 % of the region's territory. The biological diversity of plants and fungi was determined in protected areas of the category «protected landscapes», including species included in the Red List of the Rostov region. Protected landscapes are natural complexes with an area of more than 100 hectares of both natural and artificial origin, representing environmental, educational, aesthetic, and scientific value. Protected landscapes are available in 17 out of 43 administrative districts of the Rostov region. The total area of protected landscapes is 21,51 thousand hectares. This amounts to 9,2 % of the total area of SPNA operating in the Rostov region. At least 1263 species of plants and rare fungi grow on the territories of protected landscapes, including 139 species listed in the Red List of the Rostov Region (50,9 % of the total number of «Red List» objects of the region), including 31 species listed in the Red List of the Russian Federation (60,8 % of the total number of «Red List» federal objects growing on the territory of the Rostov region). The concentration on a relatively small area of protected landscapes of a significant number of plants and fungi listed in the Red Lists of the Rostov Region and the Russian Federation indicates their high conservation value.

Mapping of anthropogenic landscapes of the taiga belt in the south of Western Siberia in order to determine the ecological and soil status Mapping of anthropogenic landscapes of the taiga belt in the south of Western Siberia in order to determine the ecological and soil status Dvurechenskiy Vadim G. Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin); Russia; E-mail: dvu-vadim@mail.ru Dvurechenskaya Valeria V. Moscow State University of Technology and Management; Russia Abstract: The aim of the work was to map the anthropogenic landscape created in the mountain taiga in the south of Western Siberia as a result of mining operations in coal mining, to determine its ecological and soil status.  The study was carried out by laying 10 m long transects, to fix the lengths of the section of one or another anthropogenic habitat crossed by the transect with the corresponding outline. The article reflects the features of the formation of soil cover in anthropogenic landscapes, which genetically sharply differ from the soil cover of natural landscapes. In disturbed ecosystems, as a result of self-overgrowing, various types of embryozems are formed; in natural ecosystems, deep podzolic soddy soils are determined in natural ecosystems under the black taiga, and brown taiga soils under secondary forests. Mapping showed that during natural self-restoration in anthropogenic landscapes, a mosaic specific soil cover is formed, which includes embryozems: initial, organo-accumulative, sod and humus-accumulative soil cover. The ecological and soil status of the flattened areas under herbaceous vegetation (plots 1 and 3) is good and satisfactory, since after 50 years from the moment of the initial phase of anthropogenesis, embryozems of late evolutionary stages – sod and humus-accumulative, predominate in the soil cover. The ecological and soil status of slope surfaces (plot 2) and areas under trees (plot 4) is unsatisfactory, but it has some development prospects. The ecological and soil status of the entire landscape can be considered satisfactory. Trends in the direction of soil development have been determined. In the near future, the soil cover is expected to form: on graded areas – humus-accumulative embryozems, under trees – various subtypes of organo-accumulative embryozems (burozem-like, pseudopodzolized). In the distant future it is predicted: in flat areas under taiga forbs – rough-humus mountain soils, under tree and shrub vegetation – brown mountain taiga soils.

Eng. Genetic characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Novikova Irina Alekseevna1 1 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Annotation: This review describes the genetic characteristics of the virus, the main ways to diagnose COVID-19 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a single-stranded RNA molecule, the length of the virus genome varies from 29.8 kbp. up to 29.9 kb Comparative genomic analysis showed that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the group of beta-coronaviruses and is very close to SARS-CoV. Initial comparative genomic analysis showed that SARS-CoV-2 is almost 79% identical to SARS-CoV and 50% identical to the MERS-CoV virus. Based on homologous modeling studies, SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be 96.2% homologous to BatCoV RaTG13, a bat coronavirus of the genus Rhinolophus affinis. Studies to establish the origin of SARS-CoV-2 have shown that random mutation and recombination are two main sources of the genetic diversity of this virus. Recently published works show that the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 mutations is approximately the same as in the SARS-CoV genome (0.80-2.38 × 10-3 nucleotide substitutions per site per year). The most common types of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome are synonymous and missense mutations. Mutations of other types were also found in the SARS-CoV-2 genome: nonsense mutations, insertions, deletions, mutations of non-coding DNA. At least seven genetically independent clones have been found that have acquired a mutation at one specific site Q677H or Q677P of the Spike virus spike protein gene.

Decomposition of leaf litter in case of zinc contamination of Calcic Chernozem and the effect of the humic solution BIO-Don on this process Eng. Decomposition of leaf litter in case of zinc contamination of Calcic Chernozem and the effect of the humic solution BIO-Don on this process Bezuglova O.S., Gorbov S.N., Korban V.A., Mikhailova E.A., Pirgulian E.A., Skripnikov P.N., Tagiverdiev S.S., Fedorets D.G., Sherstnev A.K. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract: In a model experiment, the decomposition of white poplar leaf litter in the humus-accumulative horizon of Calcic Chernozem was studied. Experimental choice included artificial contamination with a zinc sulfate solution, as well as watering with water with a humic solution. The duration of the experiment is 1 month. After this period, soil and decaying litter were taken. The total content of zinc in the soil was determined by X-ray fluorescence method and the amount of mobile zinc compounds in the acetate-ammonia extract was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy, as well as the state of structural units by dry and wet sieving. In an aqueous extract from decaying leaf litter, the content of carbon and nitrogen was determined. It was found that watering with water containing a humic solution promotes the acceleration of the decomposition and humification of leaf litter: the concentration of carbon in the extract from the decomposing litter increases, as well as the value of the chromaticity coefficient. The addition of zinc sulfate with irrigation water led to a high degree of soil degradation, and this reduced the rate of decomposition of plant residues. The combined addition of zinc sulfate and the humic solution accelerates the decomposition of plant litter, practically eliminating the negative effect of zinc pollution on this process. When humic fertilization is applied to the soil, there is a significant increase in the percentage of agronomically valuable aggregates and a convincing increase in the value of the structural coefficient. Zinc contamination practically does not affect the results of dry sieving, but it sharply increases the water resistance of the aggregates to the destructive action of water.

Genetic aspects of fetal growth restriction. Eng. Genetic aspects of fetal growth restriction. Dema Alset Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a multifactorial pregnancy-related syndrome that causes serious and dangerous short-term and long-term outcomes due to inappropriate intrauterine development of fetal organs. According to latest statistics, FGR frequency in Russian Federation is 5 % to 17,5 % among full-term infants and even more among premature newborns. This incidence is still growing due to the absence of united diagnostic or therapeutic protocols. Moreover, FGR etiology is not fully understood though it has been linked to many mechanisms and signaling pathways. Genetic factors have been found to play an important role in FGR, but the exact effect of them are still unknown. Currently, many studies are focused on finding the most reliable genetic marker for FGR since it could be helpful for prenatal prognosis and thus for improving fetal growth during pregnancy. In this article, recent findings about FGR were analyzed with an emphasis on the role of genetic factors in the formation of this syndrome and many genetic candidates studied in various researches as associated with it. Chromosomal abnormalities were found to be associated with early FGR while genetic mutations and polymorphisms of many genes were more abundant in late cases. Candidates genes include growth hormone and Insulin-like growth factors genes, coagulation-related genes, cytokines and others. Moreover, recent studies have found association of non-coding genes and epigenetics with FGR mechanisms. Further studies are required to figure out the effect of each genetic factor and thus reach the critical prenatal genetic markers of FGR.

Mathematical modeling of lactation curves of dairy animals Mikailsoy Fariz Faculty of Agriculture, Iğdır University, 76000, Iğdır, Turkey (e-mail: fariz.m@igdir.edu.tr )  Abstract An overview of mathematical models on cattle lactation is herein provided. A technique for constructing lactation curves using logical assumption and Verhulst’s logistic function for predicting the cows’ milk production is described. A new modeling lactation method that is based on solving the equation that describes the rate of change of milk production, depending on time elapsed since calving is presented. The statistical parameters of the adequacy of the models recommended in the literature for describing the lactation curve of cows and our proposed models were calculated Approximation accuracy allows for the identification of models that most reliably describe the lactation curve in the example of cattle.

Method for calculating the average expected heterozygosity of cenopopulations of Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae) from different ecotopes Chokheli Vasiliy A., Kozlovsky Boris L., Dmitriev Pavel A., Rajput Vishnu D., Stepanenko Victoriya V., Azarov Anatoly S., Bakulin Semyon D., Varduni Tatyana V. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; vachokheli@sfedu.ru      Abstract: The article describes two methodological approaches for calculating the average expected heterozygosity of cenopopulations of Quercus robur from different ecotopes. The studied 13 cenopopulations of pedunculate oak in the Rostov region, depending on the conditions of their growth, were divided into three ecotopes. The ecotope of bayrachny forests is tree stands that grow only on the slopes of gullies (bayraks). The ecotope of arena forests is the stands of trees located on arenas (sandy massifs of above-floodplain terraces). The ecotope of floodplain forests is a cenopopulation located in the floodplain of a river. The genetic characteristics of cenopopulations were studied by PCR using five oligonucleotide primers. The method of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR analysis) was used. In the first method, the average expected heterozygosity of cenopopulations of Quercus robur from different ecotopes was calculated using a weighted average analysis, averaging data for each cenopopulation included in the ecotope. In the second calculation method, we combined the studied allelic variants (binary matrices) for each cenopopulation into three clusters (ecotopes), and the resulting total matrices were recalculated using the PopGen program. The average values of expected heterozygosity cenopopulations of Quercus robur for each ecotope were compared in pairs using the t-test. All ecotopes calculated based on the weighted average analysis are characterized by significant differences in the level of expected heterozygosity (He) at the significance level p=0.05. All ecotopes calculated based on common matrices are characterized by significant differences in the level of expected heterozygosity (He) at the significance level p=0.01. The purpose of this work is to conduct a comparative analysis of the two proposed methods for calculating the average expected heterozygosity of cenopopulations of Quercus robur from different ecotopes.

Change of catalase activity in soils of black sea coast of Caucasus during contamination with heavy metals and oil Change of catalase activity in soils of black sea coast of Caucasus during contamination with heavy metals and oil Anna A. Kuzina1, Sergey I. Kolesnikov1, Tigran A. Ter-Misakyants1, Elena N. Nevedomaya1, Lidiya S. Samohvalova2, Kamil Sh. Kazeev1 1Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 2Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, Pyatigorsk, Russia Abstract. Due to significant differences in environmental and genetic properties, soils of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus vary significantly in resistance to anthropogenic effects. The purpose of this work is to investigate the change in catalase activity in the main types and subtypes of soils of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus during contamination with heavy metals (TM) and oil. Oil and TM (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb) were chosen as pollutants, it was they that largely contaminated soils in southern Russia. Catalase activity was determined by Galstyan 30 days after contamination. As a result of the model experiments, it was found that soil contamination with TM and oil, as a rule, reduces the activity of soil catalase of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. By the degree of negative influence on the soil catalase activity of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, TM oxides form the following series: Cr > Cu ≥ Pb ≥ Ni. Soil rows of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus were obtained in terms of the degree of decrease in catalase activity during TM pollution (soils are located as their stability decreases): yellow soil ≥ sod-carbonate typical ≥ brown typical ≥ brown carbonate = sod-carbonate leached ≥ brown forest acidic ≥ brown leached ≥ brown forest acidic, and when contaminated with oil: brown carbonate  > brown typical > sod-carbonate leached > brown forest acidic dormant ≥ sod-carbonate typical ≥ yellowish ≥ brown forest acidic.

Study the informativeness of the marker system in the genetic analysis of coenopopulations of Bellevalia sarmatica (Pall. ex Georgi) Woronow using ISSR primers Study the informativeness of the marker system in the genetic analysis of coenopopulations of Bellevalia sarmatica (Pall. ex Georgi) Woronow using ISSR primers Chokheli Vasiliy A., Shmaraeva Antonina N., Stepanenko Viсtoriya V., Kozlovsky Boris L., Dmitriev Pavel A., Rajput Vishnu D., Azarov Anatoly S., Bakulin Semyon D., Varduni Tatyana V. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; vstepanenko@sfedu.ru, vachokheli@sfedu.ru Abstract: The article describes the main characteristics of informativeness of primers, such as the value of information polymorphism (polymorphism information content, PIC) for dominant markers, effective multiplex ratio (effective multiplex ratio, EMR) and marker index (marker index, MI), the resolving power of the primer (resolving power, Rp). The value of information polymorphism (PIC) varied from 0.095 to 0.5 for primers UBC 811 and UBC 835, the limit from 0 to 0.5 was typical for primers UBC 857 and UBC 880. The highest effective multiplex ratio was characterized by the PRIMER UBC 811 (EMR=19.69), and the lowest UBC 857 (EMR=0.42). The highest values of the marker index (MI) were characterized by primers UBC 811 and UBC 835 (range 1.871-9.845 and 0.780-4.105, respectively). And the lowest values of the marker index (MI) were characterized by primers UBC 857 and UBC 880 (range 0-0,21 and 0–0,615, respectively). The highest resolution and number of genotypes that can be diagnosed (x) was found in the UBC 811 primer (Rp=25, x=154), and the lowest in the UBC 857 primer (Rp=3.2, x=9). All primers were highly informative (more than 0.4), the most informative was the UBC 811 primer (AvIb=0.5208). Indicators of the resolution (Rp) of primers and the effective multiplex ratio (EMR) show that this "primer-method" system and the marker system used in General are suitable for the diagnosis of coenopopulations of Bellevalia sarmatica (Pall. ex Georgi) Woronow. The purpose of this work is to study the acceptability of using the selected marker system.

Effect of steppe formation on the properties of migration-segregation chernozem Effect of steppe formation on the properties of migration-segregation chernozem O.S. Bezuglova Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology. DI. Ivanovsky, Russia; osbesuglova@sfedu.ru Abstract: The studies were carried out in the steep-growing areas of the «Step Priazovskaya» nature reserve, located in the educational and experimental farm «Nedvigovka» of the Southern Federal University in the Myasnikovsky district of the Rostov region. Physical (soil density and its structural state) and chemical (humus content and composition) properties were studied in soils formed on deposits of different ages (3, 4, 5, 15, and more than 60 years), the comparison option was the chernozem of the arable area, directly adjacent to the steppe land. Soil density was determined by the cutting ring method. The state of the structure (dry and wet sieving) was studied by the Savvinov method. Organic carbon content was determined by oxidation with a chromium mixture (I.V. Tyurin’s method in the Orlov-Grindel modification) with a spectrometric ending. The fractional-group composition of humus was determined according to Ponomareva-Plotnikova. The object of the study is migration-segregation chernozem (Calcic Chernozem according to WRB, 2014). According to the soil classification of the USSR, it was called ordinary carbonate chernozem, even earlier known as Severo-Azov chernozem. The steppe formation of chernozem, expressed in the change of succession stages from rhizome-cereal to fescue, with a predominance of dense sod grasses, is accompanied by a change in soil properties. An increase in the bulk density in the first years of abandoning the fallow plots was established, followed by a gradual decrease in the value of this indicator. The structural state is improving: as the steppe increases, the structural and water resistance coefficients of the aggregates increase. The humus content increases in the row arable land – 3–4 years – 5 years – 10 years – 60 years of fallow in the samples of autumn samping, and differs little during the period of active vegetation of plants. The qualitative composition of humus also changes due to an increase in the content of fulvic acids and a decrease in the non-hydrolyzable residue.

Humus horizons of chernozems in the Russian soil classification system: current proposals Eng. Humus horizons of chernozems in the Russian soil classification system: current proposals  Khitrov Nikolay Borisovich1, Bezuglova Olga Stepanovna2, Gerasimova Maria Innokentievna3 1V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Moscow, Russia, khitrovnb@gmail.com 2Southern Federal University, Pastov-na-Donu, Russia, lola314@mail.ru 3M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Moscow, Russia, maria.i.gerasimova@gmail.com   Abstract: Identification of soil type taxonomic units in the new Russian Soil Classification is based on combinations of diagnostic horizons, and the topsoils in all chernozems are qualified as dark-humus (AU) diagnostic horizon in “virgin”soils, and agrodark-humus (PU) one in arable soils. However, the dark-humus horizon occurs in other soils, and its properties are somewhat different there. For a more adequate diagnostic of chernozems, which is required for solving either pedogenetic, or applied problems (including the ecological issues), it is proposed to introduce in the updated version of the Russian Soil Classification system a new diagnostic horizon – black-humus (AN) horizon specifying chernozems among other soils. The AN horizon differs of the AU horizon by its monochromic color, high pedality with strong structure, quality of humus, physical properties, fertility and resilience to human impacts. This pair of horizons resembles chernic and mollic horizons in WRB. It is also discussed whether it is feasible to introduce the arable derivate of the black-humus horizon (PN), since its properties have much in common with those of the dark-humus horizon.  

Pollutants as a factor in the degradation of alpine glaciers DOI:  Pollutants as a factor in the degradation of alpine glaciers Abakumov Evgeny V.1, Tembotov Rustam Kh.2 1 St. Petersburg State University 2 Tembotov Institute of ecology of mountain territories Russian Academy of Sciences, Nalchik Abstract: Pollutants are an important factor leading to glacier degradation. Black carbon is one of the substances contributing most to the thawing of snow and ice cover. It results from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, emissions of diesel engines for transport and industrial purposes, as well as forest fires and burning of agricultural waste. Sedimenting on the cover of glaciers, black carbon reduces the albedo of the surface, which in turn leads to their heating and further thawing. This is extremely important for mountain areas. This review considers the current modern effects of pollutants, including black carbon, on the degradation of glaciers in mountain regions, on the example of the Central Caucasus. The work shows that the mountain glaciers of the Central Caucasus are gradually, although unevenly melting and the cause is not only global warming, but also pollutants settling on their surface. The transport routes and sources of glacier pollution are shown. Air masses from the Middle East, Eastern and Southern Europe, as well as northern Africa, have been identified as the main sources of pollutants in the Central Caucasus. The only paper on black carbon in the Central Caucasus states that in the first half of the 20th century, anthropogenic emissions from Europe led to a 1.5-fold increase in black carbon concentrations on Elbrus. Forest fires and agricultural waste incineration are also shown to be the main regional sources of black carbon in the North Caucasus. Industrial production in the North Caucasus is poorly developed and does not contribute significantly to black carbon emissions and thus the deglacification of Central Caucasus glaciers.  

The species composition, structure and spatial distribution of the alien component of the flora of the South of the Russian Black Sea region The species composition, structure and spatial distribution of the alien component of the flora of the South of the Russian Black Sea region Egoshin Alexey Valentinovich Sochi National Park, Sochi, Russia; e-mail: avegoshin@gmail.com  Abstract: The species composition of the alien flora of the South of the Russian Black Sea coast is given. The analysis of taxonomic, biomorphological, hygromorphic spectra of introduced species is carried out. The alien component of the flora is classified according to the degree of naturalization, origin, and time of introduction. It has been established that the alien component of the flora of the region is most represented by species of the families Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, and Poaceae. By the method of introduction, most alien plant species confined to disturbed habitats. At the same time, the homeland of 41% of all unintentionally introduced species of the region is the Americas. As a result of spatial modelling, it was found that the bioclimatic conditions of the research area are most comfortable for growing only 74 of the 182 most aggressive alien plant species. The zoning of the study area was carried out. It was established that the area of ​​the most invasive-dangerous area of Greater Sochi is 1222.2 km2 (36 %).  

Association study of the leptin receptor gene allelic variants with delayed puberty in boys in the peri-pubertal period Association study of the leptin receptor gene allelic variants with delayed puberty in boys in the peri-pubertal period Alexandrova Angela A.1, Popova Victoria A.2, Shkurat Mikhail A.1, Derevyanchuk Ekaterina G.1, Mashkina Elena V.1, Lipovich Leonard3 1 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; tshkurat@yandex.ru 2 Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia 3Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States. Abstract: The leptin levels in blood serum and the presence of the A668G (Gln223Arg) polymorphism of the leptin receptor gene LEPR in prepubescent boys with delayed sexual development were investigated, taking into account body weight. The serum leptin level in overweight and obese boys is almost 5 times higher than in boys of normal weight, regardless of the stage of puberty. It was shown that the 668G allele of the leptin receptor gene LEPR is associated with a decrease in the risk of delayed sexual development in prepubescent boys.  

Prevalence of miRNA and lncRNA binding sites around obesity associated genes Prevalence of miRNA and lncRNA binding sites around obesity associated genes Lipovich Leonard1, Romanov Dmitry E.2, Lyangasova Olga V.2, Amelina Maria A.2,3, Shkurat Mikhail A.2, Butenko Elena V.2, Alaa Khashim Abd Ali2, Derevyanchuk Ekaterina G.2, Shkurat Tatyana P.2 1Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States  2South Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; tshkurat@yandex.ru 3Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia   Abstract: The localization of miRNA and lncRNA binding sites around APOC1, LIPC, LPL, APOE and FTO genes was studied. It was shown that the largest number of miRNA and lncRNA binding sites is located in cis-regulatory regions and introns of FTO gene. The list of miRNA and lncRNA motifs is presented. It was hypothesized that the number of miRNA and lncRNA binding sites in introns and cis-regulatory regions of genes correlates with the number of tissues in which the gene is expressed, and with the number of functions of its protein.  

Problems of Botanical gardens in Russia. Review Problems of Botanical gardens in Russia. Review Maltseva A. N., Bezuglova O.S. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia,  anmalceva@sfedu.ru Abstract: As a result of the analysis of the sites of the Botanical gardens of the Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation, a number of problems have been clearly discovered that no individual Botanical garden can currently cope with. It is proposed to discuss this article and develop a draft law on Botanical gardens. The necessity of developing a draft law on botanical gardens is substantiated.  

To a question about the determination of bulk density for the estimation of agrophysical state of swelling soils Methodical principles for determination and data interpretation of the investigation of soil bulk density have considered at the article. Necessity of introduction for soil science two terms for the characteristic of bulk density such as «bulk density at maximum shrinkage of soil» and «bulk density at the maximum swelling of soil» has proved. In addition, amendments for the calculation method for the soil substances stock have offered.

Activity concentration of radionuclides in soils of urbanized territories of the Rostov region Activity concentration of radionuclides in soils of urbanized territories of the Rostov region Buraeva E.A. Research Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia buraeva@sfedu.ru Abstract The soil cover of urbanized areas, regardless of the degree of anthropogenic influence, can be subjected to significant pressure. The article is devoted to establishing the features of the distribution of the activity concentration of natural radionuclides and artificial 137Cs in the upper soil layer of some towns and villages of the Rostov region. The activity concentration of radionuclides in soils was determined by the instrumental gamma spectrometric method of radionuclide analysis. The arithmetic mean activity concentration of radionuclides in the soils of the urbanized territories of the Rostov region was 13.3 Bq/kg, 21.4 Bq/kg, 27.3 Bq/kg and 435.9 Bq/kg for 137Cs, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The size, status and degree of urbanization do not affect the average concentrations of radionuclides in the topsoil. In this case, territories contaminated with various pollutants, for example, oil products, can be recorded and, as a result, contain rather high concentrations of natural radionuclides.