1.5.11 Микробиология

Postbiotics are a new group of drugs of microbial origin. Unlike probiotics, the main acting agents on the organism in the case of postbiotics are not living cells of microorganisms, but their metabolites or individual cell elements (such as fragments of membranes and cell walls. Postbiotics study, despite the insufficient number of studies in this area, is a promising direction for the development of new drugs of microbial origin aimed at improving the quality of life of humans and animals.

Study of the influence of parkland of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University on the parameters of the microclimate Study of the influence of parkland of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University on the parameters of the microclimate A. S. Bezrukova, B. L. Kozlovskij, M. V. Kuropyatnikov Southern Federal University (SFedU), Rostov-on-Don Abstract: Rostov region refers to areas with uncomfortable conditions. Therefore, to create a comfortable environment requires special events. In cities, forest parks, parks, gardens and squares create a favorable microclimate. Analysis of the literature shows that the influence of green spaces on the microclimate of southern cities is not well studied. The aim of the work was to assess the impact of the park of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University on the microclimate. As the object of the study were taken different in species composition plots of the park of the Botanical Garden of SFedU. As part of the study, measurements were made of the temperature and humidity of the air using the UNI-T UT333 device at a height of 1,3 m from the soil surface, as well as the surface temperature using the UNI-T UT320D device. The measurements were carried out on pedestrian alleys and paths. In the course of the research, it was established that the park stands effectively affect the microclimate parameters (air and surface temperature, air humidity), changing them in the direction of more comfortable. It is proved that there is a reliable difference between the values of the measured parameters at open space and in the park area with a confidence level of 99,9 %. The greatest effect of changes in air temperature and road network surfaces is observed at noon, then it decreases. The absolute difference in humidity between the park and open spaces during the day does not change. The ameliorative effect of parkland on of surrounding areas is spread weakly. The degree of change of microclimate parameters does not depend on the species composition of woody plants growing on it.  

Catalogue of the rare and extinct plant's collection of the Rostov region in the Botanical garden of the Southern Federal University Catalogue of the rare and extinct plant's collection of the Rostov region in the Botanical garden of the Southern Federal University Shmaraeva Antonina N., Shishlova Zhanna N., Kuzmenko Inna P., Firsova Anna V. Botanical garden of SFU, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; anshmaraeva@sfedu.ru Abstract: The Botanical garden of Southern Federal University (BS) for more than 90 years of its existence turned into the center of the conservation of biodiversity of plants. From the moment of its creation the methods of an introduction of plants in a steppe zone were developed in the Botanical garden, woody and grassy plant's collections were formed. The BS modern collection fund is presented by 17 thematic collections and expositions of the outdoor and in closed greenhouses. One of priority problems of BS is preservation of rare species of regional flora ex situ, that is: in the collections and expositions. To these targets serve, first of all, the collection of rare and endangered species of plants of the Rostov region. When forming a collection the new knowledge and practical material received in the course of implementation of long-term projects on maintaining the Red List of the Rostov region are used. Now the collection of rare and extinct plants of the Rostov region contains 75 species of flowering plants (or 40% of total number of the protected seed plants of the Rostov region) from 28 families and 55 genuses, including 24 species included in the Red List of the Russian Federation and 6 species included in the Annex to the Red List of the Russian Federation. The grassy perennials, xerophytes, species of steppe ecology prevail in the collection; and in the geographical relation – the species, connected with the arid centers of origin. The species with category of a rarity 3 (rare), and category of a rarity 2 (reducing in number). are presented in the collection in more or less equal degree. Six species have category of a rarity 1 (being under the threat of extinction) and four species – category of a rarity 5 (restored).  

The change of absorbed bases composition in desert soils as an indicator of their evolution  The change of absorbed bases composition in desert soils as an indicator of their evolutionYuldashev G.1, Isagaliev M.T.1, Bezuglova O.S.2 1Fergana State University, Republic of Uzbekistan 2 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia   The research is aimed to clarify the role of the capacity of the soil absorbing complex and the composition of cations in the evolutionary transformations of the irrigated desert soils. The object of research comprised the soils of large regions of oasis agriculture of the lower reaches of the Amu Darya and Central Fergana, where irrigated meadow, floodplain alluvial and irrigated meadow, oasis soils are distributed respectively. Considering the alluvial nature of the deposits on which the studied soils are formed, they can be attributed to the reference soil group Fluvisols (Fluvisols). Absorbed bases were determined by the Pfeffer method in Kruger modification. It was established that the studied soils are characterized by certain values ??of the absorption capacity and the ratio of cations in the composition of the soil absorbing complex, depending on the duration of irrigation and a combination of soil formation factors. At the same time, the average content of each cation in the composition of the soil absorbing complex is relatively stable for the soil. In the process of evolution, which occurs under the influence of agrotechnical and agromeliorative methods of using the soil, these indicators change slowly following the change in the grain size distribution. In general, the amount of absorbed bases increases with the increase in the cultivation of irrigated hydromorphic desert soils. The chemical composition of alluvial and alluvial-proluvial pedogenesis soils also influences the characteristics of soil formation in the desert zone and the specifics of their ameliorative characteristics. According to the content of Ca ++, Mg ++, K +, Na + as part of the soil absorbing complex, the potential capabilities of the soils and the efficiency of land reclamation are determined, measures are being taken to increase the fertility of irrigated soils.

The paper aims to assess the impact of urbanization on the quantitative characteristics and species composition of microbial communities of the urban soils of Rostov-on-Don. 10 soil samples characterized by a dramatically different level of anthropogenic impact and transformation have been studied. The microbial communities of the upper horizons of weakly disturbed natural soils (Haplic chernozem) were compared to those from the urbic horizons of the Technosols in the central part of the city. It has been shown that the process of urbanization leads to a fundamental change in the microbial communities of urban soils in the steppe zone. There is a decrease in species diversity in the microbial communities. In addition, in anthropogenically transformed soils there is an increased number of copiotrophic bacteria compared to weakly disturbed soils. The number of aerobic spore-forming bacteria of the order Bacillales decreases several times. The species composition also changes, which is manifested in the disappearance of typical species from microbial complexes of anthropogenically transformed soils. The proportion of rapidly growing species of bacteria (r-strategists) is increased in the microbial communities of urban soils, indicating that the soils are under stress. The stability of the soil ecosystem is impaired and this may lead to the loss of its ecological functions. In addition, an increase in the proportion of microorganisms with antioxidant pigments was observed in anthropogenically transformed soils.

Rare species of plants and fungi in the territories of protected natural objects of the Rostov region Rare species of plants and fungi in the territories of protected natural objects of the Rostov region Fedyaeva Valentina Vasilyevna1, Shmarayeva Antonina Nikolayevna1, Hibukhina Tatyana Yuryevna2, Shishlova Zhanna of Nikolayevna1, Kuzmenko Inna Petrovna1 1 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; vfedyaeva@gmail.com 2 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Rostov region, Rostov-on-Don, Russia   The formation of network of the especially protected natural territories (EPNT) is one of the most effective mechanisms of preservation of the natural complexes and objects in World practice, including biological diversity of plants. 82 EPNT with a total area of 233.49 thousand hectares operate in the Rostov region now, covering 2.31 % of its territory. It is much less than average World's level (8.8 %) and an than average Russia's level (13.6 %). In the course of the researches the biological diversity of plants and fungi was defined on EPNT of status category: «protected natural objects», including the species, engaged in the Red List of the Rostov region. The protected natural objects are the unique single natural objects and unique territories, having the area less than 100.0 hectares, representing scientific, educational, cultural and esthetic value. The protected natural objects are presented in 13 of 43 administrative regions of the Rostov region. The total area of the protected natural objects which are located in different parts of the area to the date 01.03.2018 is 1.07 thousand hectares which corresponds to 0.50 % of total area of EPNT, operating in the Rostov region. In recent years it was established, that in the territories of protected natural objects of the Rostov area 98 species of plants and fungi occur, which are included in the Red List of the Rostov region (35.9 % of the total number), including 26 species engaged in the Red List of the Russian Federation – 51.0 % of the total number of the «Red List» federal objects, growing in the territory of the Rostov region.  

Agrogene Transformation and Humus State of Soil in Farmland of Orenburg Zauralye Сhernozem southern and dark chestnut soils in various farmland (virgin land, hayfield, grazing areas, fallow land, arable land) are investigated in Orenburg Zauralye. It was established that the agrogene transformation of ecosystems is associated with the following processes: 1) decrease of phytocenosis productivity on account of reducing underground biomass; 2) deterioration in the structural-aggregate state of the soils; 3) easing of the intensity of carbon dioxide emission from soils; 4) reduction of humus content (for 8% -29% of the original value); 5) changes in fractional-group composition of humus in the direction of reducing the content of GA2 fraction.

New geological and geochemical data of prospects of oil-and-gas content of deep-laying deposits of the North of Western Siberia Geological structure of deep-seated deposits in the north of Western Siberia, lithology and reservoir properties of the Jurassic and pre-Jurassic rocks, geochemical characteristics razreza were refined. Proizvedena preliminary assessment of hydrocarbon potential has made. The dependence of the quantities of hydrocarbon reserves on the deposits from paleofatsialnoy depositional environment, sediment thickness and catagenetic transformation of the original organic matter.

The ecological situation of Petrozavodsk municipal district urban forests The characteristic of the current sanitary and forest pathology conditions of 45 urban forest sections of Petrozavodsk urban district of the Republic of Karelia has been done. Data processing was conducted using GIS technologies, principal component analysis and by averaging the point estimates using the median. There were allocated 5 group sections of urban forests: minimum (17 % of total urban forest area), weak (18 %), medium (31 %), strong (4 %) and maximum (30 %) disturbed. It is proposed to use the obtained data for rational planning of urban development.

The Influence of Electromagnetic Irradiation of Millimeter Range on the Ability of Pathogenic Corynebacteria to Biofilm Formation Theoretical and experimental substantiation of millimeter waves in different frequency bands influence on the formation of pathogenic corynebacteria subpopulations with low and high ability to form biofilms is presented in the article. It was experimentally proved that electromagnetic waves in 61,0 GHz frequency range, stimulated ability of corynebacteria to form biofilms; irradiation 42,2 GHz frequency range, on the contrary, inhibited these properties.

Effect of screening plants according to grain size, the use of fertilizers, plant protection on yield and quality of seeds sown barley varieties Sobolek Butkovskaya Lydia Kuzminichna., Kuzmin Dmitriy Nikolaevich. The results of studies of responsiveness of seeds of different size of the means of chemical plant protection products and fertilizers. With the use of intensive technologies of the emergence of another species (Pallidum) in spring barley Sobolek reduced. The selection of coarse barley seeds Sobolek in primary seed, fertilizer and chemical plant protection increase the productivity of seeds to 0,15-1,22 t / ha, 1-3% germination, varietal purity of 1-2%.

Influence of changes in the physico-chemical and agrochemical indicators of chernozem soil during its anthropogenic disturbance on the yield of white mustard and urease activity of soil Technogenically disturbed soils on the basis of podzolized chernozem were modeled and studied. It is shown that disturbance of the soil leads to decreasing content of major nutrients and the deterioration of physical and chemical properties. We found the coefficients of correlation, showing the dependence of the productivity of white mustard, which were seeded at the biological stage of reclamation of disturbed soil, on the above factors.

The health status of the population of the village of Antipayuta Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district as an indicator of the quality of the living environment Unique data on the health status of the population of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The demographic situation was characterized by a positive natural population increase through high birth rates and high infant mortality. Shown significant growth in environmentally related disorders of blood, blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanisms (due to anemia) and diseases of the digestive system.

Inbriding as the regulation factor of pathogenesis in forest ecosystems Imbreeding, as the reproduction from the mating  of  genetically related parents, is usual in the wild nature. As purposeful process, inbreeding is widely applied in selection of plants and animals. Inbreeding results in increased homozygosity. Homozygosity  can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits. The homozygosity of  offspring    usually raises, because the number of identical alleles in their genomes of the subsequent individuals  increases. Homozygosity reduces fitness of population, weakens it, that is causes inbreeding depression. The purpose of the given work –    to use the factor of the inbreeding depressions for suppression of pathogenic  populations in forest ecosystems. Inbreeding in the ecosystems is reached as a result of reproductive isolation of pathogenic organisms. Inbreeding leads to a decreased fitness of a population. The researches were spent in the Central Russian forest-steppe. Modelling test objects were the economically significant  and well-known fungi   Erisiphe alphitoiges, Heterobasidion annosum and Porodaedalea pini.

Application of biological preparations on crops of Galega and their impact on the productivity of green mass and seeds Degunova Natalia Borisovna. Danilova Yulia Borisovna, Shkodina Elena Petrovna Discusses how to increase productivity of green mass of Galega in the first years of life, the prospects of seed production of fodder Galega with crops. The results of experiments on inoculate and coinoculation crops of vetch in pure form and in the composition of two-component mixtures.

Optimization of information data analyzed in the process of neural network prediction outcome pathology of hemostasis Neural network systems for diagnostics and prognosis are actively introduced in clinical practices in last five years. These systems have higher detection sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional scales for valuation status severity. However the description most of these systems are not include information of principles and algorithms for selection neural network input parameters. Often this leads to redundancy of researched parameters, which in turn have negative impact upon work result of neural network systems. In this article proposed to the algorithm of informative parameters selection for information data optimization, analyzed in process neural network prognosis of outcome pathology hemostasis. neural network, algorithm, informative parameter.

To the question of enhancing of productivity for flat open systems for microalgae culturing E. Onyshchenko In our research we identify the ways to enhance industrial productivity of green microalgae culturing in open pond systems. For effective large - scale implementation of controlled culturing, technologies providing high productive growth in conditions of natural light irradiation are required. Light conversion efficiency with two different culturing methods for Chlorella in conditions duplicating light energy density, typical for middle latitude meteo- climatological conditions is compared.

Behavioral effects of female sex hormones of different nature of the immobilized male white rats Frolova Galina Aleksandrovna, Bogdanova Svetlana Aleksandrovna Found that the sensitivity of male white rats to immobilization stress (10 days of 2 hours) is directly dependent on baseline activity of the animals. Natural female sex steroid estrone (estrone, 1.0 mg/kg, 10 days) caused an inhibition of locomotor and exploratory activity in stressed rats is not dependent on the initial level of activity. Synthetic analogue of the female sex hormone origin of non-steroidal (sinestrol, 0.8 mg/kg, 10 days) in low and intermediate level of stressed rats acts as a stress-limiting factor, high-level direction of impact of sinestrolom coincides with the effects of estrone.

Investigation of the activity some 8-aminoderivatives of 3-methyl- 7-?-hydroxi-?-isopropoxipropylxanthines at the experimental hyperlipidemia. Ostapenko А. А., Belay I. M., Romanenko N. I. We made research in analysis of the antioxidant features of the newly synthesized derivatives of 3-methylxanthine in experimental hyperlipemia in rats. The results of the computer prediction of the possible manifestations of the biological activities indicate that the majority of the analyzed compounds can influence on the different sides of lipid metabolism. Markers of the influence on the activity of lipid peroxidation and the complex antioxidant activity during administration  of derivatives 3-methylxanthine were studied. This screening has allowed to identify some patterns of connections between the structure and the direction and severity of changes in the antioxidant properties of the blood of experimental animals. In addition, prospect of further pharmacological studies of the effects of synthetic analogs of xanthine are confirmed by appropriate patents and informational letters.