06.03.03.Агролесомелиорация и защитное лесоразведение, озеленение населенных пунктов, лесные пожары и борьба с ними

Study of the influence of parkland of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University on the parameters of the microclimate Study of the influence of parkland of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University on the parameters of the microclimate A. S. Bezrukova, B. L. Kozlovskij, M. V. Kuropyatnikov Southern Federal University (SFedU), Rostov-on-Don Abstract: Rostov region refers to areas with uncomfortable conditions. Therefore, to create a comfortable environment requires special events. In cities, forest parks, parks, gardens and squares create a favorable microclimate. Analysis of the literature shows that the influence of green spaces on the microclimate of southern cities is not well studied. The aim of the work was to assess the impact of the park of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University on the microclimate. As the object of the study were taken different in species composition plots of the park of the Botanical Garden of SFedU. As part of the study, measurements were made of the temperature and humidity of the air using the UNI-T UT333 device at a height of 1,3 m from the soil surface, as well as the surface temperature using the UNI-T UT320D device. The measurements were carried out on pedestrian alleys and paths. In the course of the research, it was established that the park stands effectively affect the microclimate parameters (air and surface temperature, air humidity), changing them in the direction of more comfortable. It is proved that there is a reliable difference between the values of the measured parameters at open space and in the park area with a confidence level of 99,9 %. The greatest effect of changes in air temperature and road network surfaces is observed at noon, then it decreases. The absolute difference in humidity between the park and open spaces during the day does not change. The ameliorative effect of parkland on of surrounding areas is spread weakly. The degree of change of microclimate parameters does not depend on the species composition of woody plants growing on it.  

Catalogue of the rare and extinct plant's collection of the Rostov region in the Botanical garden of the Southern Federal University Catalogue of the rare and extinct plant's collection of the Rostov region in the Botanical garden of the Southern Federal University Shmaraeva Antonina N., Shishlova Zhanna N., Kuzmenko Inna P., Firsova Anna V. Botanical garden of SFU, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; anshmaraeva@sfedu.ru Abstract: The Botanical garden of Southern Federal University (BS) for more than 90 years of its existence turned into the center of the conservation of biodiversity of plants. From the moment of its creation the methods of an introduction of plants in a steppe zone were developed in the Botanical garden, woody and grassy plant's collections were formed. The BS modern collection fund is presented by 17 thematic collections and expositions of the outdoor and in closed greenhouses. One of priority problems of BS is preservation of rare species of regional flora ex situ, that is: in the collections and expositions. To these targets serve, first of all, the collection of rare and endangered species of plants of the Rostov region. When forming a collection the new knowledge and practical material received in the course of implementation of long-term projects on maintaining the Red List of the Rostov region are used. Now the collection of rare and extinct plants of the Rostov region contains 75 species of flowering plants (or 40% of total number of the protected seed plants of the Rostov region) from 28 families and 55 genuses, including 24 species included in the Red List of the Russian Federation and 6 species included in the Annex to the Red List of the Russian Federation. The grassy perennials, xerophytes, species of steppe ecology prevail in the collection; and in the geographical relation – the species, connected with the arid centers of origin. The species with category of a rarity 3 (rare), and category of a rarity 2 (reducing in number). are presented in the collection in more or less equal degree. Six species have category of a rarity 1 (being under the threat of extinction) and four species – category of a rarity 5 (restored).  

The change of absorbed bases composition in desert soils as an indicator of their evolution  The change of absorbed bases composition in desert soils as an indicator of their evolutionYuldashev G.1, Isagaliev M.T.1, Bezuglova O.S.2 1Fergana State University, Republic of Uzbekistan 2 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia   The research is aimed to clarify the role of the capacity of the soil absorbing complex and the composition of cations in the evolutionary transformations of the irrigated desert soils. The object of research comprised the soils of large regions of oasis agriculture of the lower reaches of the Amu Darya and Central Fergana, where irrigated meadow, floodplain alluvial and irrigated meadow, oasis soils are distributed respectively. Considering the alluvial nature of the deposits on which the studied soils are formed, they can be attributed to the reference soil group Fluvisols (Fluvisols). Absorbed bases were determined by the Pfeffer method in Kruger modification. It was established that the studied soils are characterized by certain values ??of the absorption capacity and the ratio of cations in the composition of the soil absorbing complex, depending on the duration of irrigation and a combination of soil formation factors. At the same time, the average content of each cation in the composition of the soil absorbing complex is relatively stable for the soil. In the process of evolution, which occurs under the influence of agrotechnical and agromeliorative methods of using the soil, these indicators change slowly following the change in the grain size distribution. In general, the amount of absorbed bases increases with the increase in the cultivation of irrigated hydromorphic desert soils. The chemical composition of alluvial and alluvial-proluvial pedogenesis soils also influences the characteristics of soil formation in the desert zone and the specifics of their ameliorative characteristics. According to the content of Ca ++, Mg ++, K +, Na + as part of the soil absorbing complex, the potential capabilities of the soils and the efficiency of land reclamation are determined, measures are being taken to increase the fertility of irrigated soils.

The paper aims to assess the impact of urbanization on the quantitative characteristics and species composition of microbial communities of the urban soils of Rostov-on-Don. 10 soil samples characterized by a dramatically different level of anthropogenic impact and transformation have been studied. The microbial communities of the upper horizons of weakly disturbed natural soils (Haplic chernozem) were compared to those from the urbic horizons of the Technosols in the central part of the city. It has been shown that the process of urbanization leads to a fundamental change in the microbial communities of urban soils in the steppe zone. There is a decrease in species diversity in the microbial communities. In addition, in anthropogenically transformed soils there is an increased number of copiotrophic bacteria compared to weakly disturbed soils. The number of aerobic spore-forming bacteria of the order Bacillales decreases several times. The species composition also changes, which is manifested in the disappearance of typical species from microbial complexes of anthropogenically transformed soils. The proportion of rapidly growing species of bacteria (r-strategists) is increased in the microbial communities of urban soils, indicating that the soils are under stress. The stability of the soil ecosystem is impaired and this may lead to the loss of its ecological functions. In addition, an increase in the proportion of microorganisms with antioxidant pigments was observed in anthropogenically transformed soils.

Rare species of plants and fungi in the territories of protected natural objects of the Rostov region Rare species of plants and fungi in the territories of protected natural objects of the Rostov region Fedyaeva Valentina Vasilyevna1, Shmarayeva Antonina Nikolayevna1, Hibukhina Tatyana Yuryevna2, Shishlova Zhanna of Nikolayevna1, Kuzmenko Inna Petrovna1 1 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; vfedyaeva@gmail.com 2 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Rostov region, Rostov-on-Don, Russia   The formation of network of the especially protected natural territories (EPNT) is one of the most effective mechanisms of preservation of the natural complexes and objects in World practice, including biological diversity of plants. 82 EPNT with a total area of 233.49 thousand hectares operate in the Rostov region now, covering 2.31 % of its territory. It is much less than average World's level (8.8 %) and an than average Russia's level (13.6 %). In the course of the researches the biological diversity of plants and fungi was defined on EPNT of status category: «protected natural objects», including the species, engaged in the Red List of the Rostov region. The protected natural objects are the unique single natural objects and unique territories, having the area less than 100.0 hectares, representing scientific, educational, cultural and esthetic value. The protected natural objects are presented in 13 of 43 administrative regions of the Rostov region. The total area of the protected natural objects which are located in different parts of the area to the date 01.03.2018 is 1.07 thousand hectares which corresponds to 0.50 % of total area of EPNT, operating in the Rostov region. In recent years it was established, that in the territories of protected natural objects of the Rostov area 98 species of plants and fungi occur, which are included in the Red List of the Rostov region (35.9 % of the total number), including 26 species engaged in the Red List of the Russian Federation – 51.0 % of the total number of the «Red List» federal objects, growing in the territory of the Rostov region.  

The paradigm of natural sciences in the works of V.V. Dokuchaev. Aparin Boris Phedorovich Aparin Boris Phedorovich Abstract V.V. Dokuchaev’s contribution to development of the natural sciences of the 19th century has been considered. He offered a synthetic paradigm of the natural sciences, which covered all basic forms of matter’s motion in their genetic relationship and temporal interaction. The article presents root and elements of the paradigm in respect to different fields of the natural sciences and their practical using. V.V. Dokuchaev’s thesis about the central role of soil sciences in the investigation of the relationship between man and nature has been considered.

Soils of Kamennaya Steppe from the days of V.V. Dokuchaev till nowadays The program of water farming regulation in steppe in Russia formulated by V.V. Dokuvaev and comprehensive research of Kamennaya Steppe carried out in 1892-1894 by special expedition supervised by V.V. Dokuchaev were a basement for the following transformation of steppe landscape into agroforest one during the 20th Century. Trends of soil cover changes were evaluated on the basis of modern soil cover pattern map and synthesis of different cartographic, analytical and text information prepared by different researchers during the century. Four stages of landscape changes during the last 120 years are discussed in the article. Factors entailed landscape changes were as follow: rising of arable lands share, planting and growing of forest belts, building of ponds and irrigation system. The results were raising ground water table, formation of semihydromorphic and local hydromorphic regimes of soils at the watersheds and slopes, appearance of local seasonal surface overmoisterning of soils, total extension of saline and sodic soils. Differential water balance regulation of distinct area and entire landscape is rational under modern environmental conditions.

Development of ideas abaut geography, properties and fertility of chernozems of the Krasnoyarsk region Development of ideas abaut geography, genesis, properties and fertility of chernozems of the Krasnoyarsk region is reflected in article. V. V. Dokuchayev's contribution to studying of soils of the South of Siberia is reflected. Are given the modern estimates of properties of chernozems, their transformations in the conditions of intensive use.

Studies of Soils of Saint Petersburg and Its Outskirts: From V.V. Dokuchaev till our days V.V. Dokuchaev was not only creator of soil science, but also he was one of the pioneers of urban ecology. In 1890 V.V. Dokuchaev developed complex program of investigation of natural conditions of Saint Petersburg and its outskirts, including soil cover. The focus of this article is the urban soils of Saint Petersburg, which are an integral part of the urban ecosystem.

Structural modeling of lateral soil heterogeneity using satellite surveys data Byndych Tatiana Yurievna Multi-spectral satellite data are used for mapping and parametric description of chernozem soils to delineate soil mapping units, to evaluate their spatial structure and to quantitatively assess humus content of eroded soils using geostatistics and mathematical modelling.

Transformathion of hydrological regime of agrolandscapes with protective forestations The estimation of  hydrological regime of virgin territories and those exposed to anthropogenous impact in various degree is given . The analysis of protective forestations influence on melted water surface runoff formation,on water balance members and erosion-hydrological processes has been implemented .The law of melted water runoff limiting factors permitting new approach to the estimation of erosion-hydrological process is exposed. The method of high precision prognosis of surface runoff has been developed on its basis .Analysis and estimation of the efficiency of anti-erosion methods have been fulfilled ,the most effective ones have been educed, new high-efficiency practices have been developed and anti-erosion melioration strategy is proposed .

Organic matter humification rate in soils of southern Yamal and eastern macroslope of the Polar Urals The topsoils of soils of southern Yamal and eastern macroslope of the Polar Urals have been investigated. It was established that soils of forest tundra are characterized by the highest Cha/Сfa ratios. Soils with histic material are characterized by the lowest Cha/Сfa ratios. Fulvic type of humus is common feature for the most of studied soils. Soils of the Polar Urals are characterized by higher value of Cha/Cfa ratios in comparison with soils of flat areas.

Soils of floodplain forests Khopersky nature reserve In the article the basic research results of a soil cover of floodplain forests hopersky reserve, the characteristics of the composition and characteristics of its various types. According to studies compiled soil map of the floodplain landscape reserve, where the dominant group are floodplain forest light grey, grey and dark grey soils of the Central floodplain of the river Khoper.

Microbial biomass and basal soil respiration of quarry-dumps systems with different substrates Dmitrakova Ianina Aleksandrovna, Abakumov Evgenij Vasilevich. Abstract: The study was carried out at nonreclaimed and recultivated quarries with different soils in the North-West of Russia. The basic biological indicators such as microbial biomass content, basal soil respiration and  metabolic quotient were measured. For all quarries the level of microbiological activity is low.

Reflection of social and environmental crisis of the XIX century in the works of V.V. Dokuchaev (an example of human evolution of chernozem on Tambov plain in historical time) Kovalev I.V., Kovaleva N.O. Faculty of Soil Science of Lomonosov Moscow State University,   kovalevmsu@mail.ru, natalia_kovaleva@mail.ru Abstract: By the early twentieth century. a combination of two processes - the depletion of soil as a result of human activities and climate change, leading to drought in the forest-steppe zone of Russia, became one of the main causes of social and environmental crisis (revolutions). Radiocarbon dating and isotope δ13S distribution curves for the studied soil profiles show that the evolution of the soil in different historical periods in different ways dependent on the anthropogenic pressure. Properties of arable horizons of different ages differ in agricultural development. Out of the crisis - only in the emergence of a new scientific worldview, which was asked to VV Dokuchaev, in the creation of new technologies that do not destroy the environment.

Study of the influence of parkland of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University on the parameters of the microclimate Study of the influence of parkland of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University on the parameters of the microclimate A. S. Bezrukova, B. L. Kozlovskij, M. V. Kuropyatnikov Southern Federal University (SFedU), Rostov-on-Don Abstract: Rostov region refers to areas with uncomfortable conditions. Therefore, to create a comfortable environment requires special events. In cities, forest parks, parks, gardens and squares create a favorable microclimate. Analysis of the literature shows that the influence of green spaces on the microclimate of southern cities is not well studied. The aim of the work was to assess the impact of the park of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University on the microclimate. As the object of the study were taken different in species composition plots of the park of the Botanical Garden of SFedU. As part of the study, measurements were made of the temperature and humidity of the air using the UNI-T UT333 device at a height of 1,3 m from the soil surface, as well as the surface temperature using the UNI-T UT320D device. The measurements were carried out on pedestrian alleys and paths. In the course of the research, it was established that the park stands effectively affect the microclimate parameters (air and surface temperature, air humidity), changing them in the direction of more comfortable. It is proved that there is a reliable difference between the values of the measured parameters at open space and in the park area with a confidence level of 99,9 %. The greatest effect of changes in air temperature and road network surfaces is observed at noon, then it decreases. The absolute difference in humidity between the park and open spaces during the day does not change. The ameliorative effect of parkland on of surrounding areas is spread weakly. The degree of change of microclimate parameters does not depend on the species composition of woody plants growing on it.  

Catalogue of the rare and extinct plant's collection of the Rostov region in the Botanical garden of the Southern Federal University Catalogue of the rare and extinct plant's collection of the Rostov region in the Botanical garden of the Southern Federal University Shmaraeva Antonina N., Shishlova Zhanna N., Kuzmenko Inna P., Firsova Anna V. Botanical garden of SFU, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; anshmaraeva@sfedu.ru Abstract: The Botanical garden of Southern Federal University (BS) for more than 90 years of its existence turned into the center of the conservation of biodiversity of plants. From the moment of its creation the methods of an introduction of plants in a steppe zone were developed in the Botanical garden, woody and grassy plant's collections were formed. The BS modern collection fund is presented by 17 thematic collections and expositions of the outdoor and in closed greenhouses. One of priority problems of BS is preservation of rare species of regional flora ex situ, that is: in the collections and expositions. To these targets serve, first of all, the collection of rare and endangered species of plants of the Rostov region. When forming a collection the new knowledge and practical material received in the course of implementation of long-term projects on maintaining the Red List of the Rostov region are used. Now the collection of rare and extinct plants of the Rostov region contains 75 species of flowering plants (or 40% of total number of the protected seed plants of the Rostov region) from 28 families and 55 genuses, including 24 species included in the Red List of the Russian Federation and 6 species included in the Annex to the Red List of the Russian Federation. The grassy perennials, xerophytes, species of steppe ecology prevail in the collection; and in the geographical relation – the species, connected with the arid centers of origin. The species with category of a rarity 3 (rare), and category of a rarity 2 (reducing in number). are presented in the collection in more or less equal degree. Six species have category of a rarity 1 (being under the threat of extinction) and four species – category of a rarity 5 (restored).  

The change of absorbed bases composition in desert soils as an indicator of their evolution  The change of absorbed bases composition in desert soils as an indicator of their evolutionYuldashev G.1, Isagaliev M.T.1, Bezuglova O.S.2 1Fergana State University, Republic of Uzbekistan 2 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia   The research is aimed to clarify the role of the capacity of the soil absorbing complex and the composition of cations in the evolutionary transformations of the irrigated desert soils. The object of research comprised the soils of large regions of oasis agriculture of the lower reaches of the Amu Darya and Central Fergana, where irrigated meadow, floodplain alluvial and irrigated meadow, oasis soils are distributed respectively. Considering the alluvial nature of the deposits on which the studied soils are formed, they can be attributed to the reference soil group Fluvisols (Fluvisols). Absorbed bases were determined by the Pfeffer method in Kruger modification. It was established that the studied soils are characterized by certain values ??of the absorption capacity and the ratio of cations in the composition of the soil absorbing complex, depending on the duration of irrigation and a combination of soil formation factors. At the same time, the average content of each cation in the composition of the soil absorbing complex is relatively stable for the soil. In the process of evolution, which occurs under the influence of agrotechnical and agromeliorative methods of using the soil, these indicators change slowly following the change in the grain size distribution. In general, the amount of absorbed bases increases with the increase in the cultivation of irrigated hydromorphic desert soils. The chemical composition of alluvial and alluvial-proluvial pedogenesis soils also influences the characteristics of soil formation in the desert zone and the specifics of their ameliorative characteristics. According to the content of Ca ++, Mg ++, K +, Na + as part of the soil absorbing complex, the potential capabilities of the soils and the efficiency of land reclamation are determined, measures are being taken to increase the fertility of irrigated soils.

The paper aims to assess the impact of urbanization on the quantitative characteristics and species composition of microbial communities of the urban soils of Rostov-on-Don. 10 soil samples characterized by a dramatically different level of anthropogenic impact and transformation have been studied. The microbial communities of the upper horizons of weakly disturbed natural soils (Haplic chernozem) were compared to those from the urbic horizons of the Technosols in the central part of the city. It has been shown that the process of urbanization leads to a fundamental change in the microbial communities of urban soils in the steppe zone. There is a decrease in species diversity in the microbial communities. In addition, in anthropogenically transformed soils there is an increased number of copiotrophic bacteria compared to weakly disturbed soils. The number of aerobic spore-forming bacteria of the order Bacillales decreases several times. The species composition also changes, which is manifested in the disappearance of typical species from microbial complexes of anthropogenically transformed soils. The proportion of rapidly growing species of bacteria (r-strategists) is increased in the microbial communities of urban soils, indicating that the soils are under stress. The stability of the soil ecosystem is impaired and this may lead to the loss of its ecological functions. In addition, an increase in the proportion of microorganisms with antioxidant pigments was observed in anthropogenically transformed soils.

Rare species of plants and fungi in the territories of protected natural objects of the Rostov region Rare species of plants and fungi in the territories of protected natural objects of the Rostov region Fedyaeva Valentina Vasilyevna1, Shmarayeva Antonina Nikolayevna1, Hibukhina Tatyana Yuryevna2, Shishlova Zhanna of Nikolayevna1, Kuzmenko Inna Petrovna1 1 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; vfedyaeva@gmail.com 2 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Rostov region, Rostov-on-Don, Russia   The formation of network of the especially protected natural territories (EPNT) is one of the most effective mechanisms of preservation of the natural complexes and objects in World practice, including biological diversity of plants. 82 EPNT with a total area of 233.49 thousand hectares operate in the Rostov region now, covering 2.31 % of its territory. It is much less than average World's level (8.8 %) and an than average Russia's level (13.6 %). In the course of the researches the biological diversity of plants and fungi was defined on EPNT of status category: «protected natural objects», including the species, engaged in the Red List of the Rostov region. The protected natural objects are the unique single natural objects and unique territories, having the area less than 100.0 hectares, representing scientific, educational, cultural and esthetic value. The protected natural objects are presented in 13 of 43 administrative regions of the Rostov region. The total area of the protected natural objects which are located in different parts of the area to the date 01.03.2018 is 1.07 thousand hectares which corresponds to 0.50 % of total area of EPNT, operating in the Rostov region. In recent years it was established, that in the territories of protected natural objects of the Rostov area 98 species of plants and fungi occur, which are included in the Red List of the Rostov region (35.9 % of the total number), including 26 species engaged in the Red List of the Russian Federation – 51.0 % of the total number of the «Red List» federal objects, growing in the territory of the Rostov region.