03.02.08 Экология (по отраслям)

Soil invertebrates (macrofauna) of mountain-meadow subalpine soils of tallgrass, the Caucasus Mokhnatkin V. A., Kosenko N. R.1, Tsurikov S. M., Onipchenko V. G. Abstract Trophic groups, biomass and abundance of soil invertebrates in the most productive community of highlands in the Teberdinsky National Park – subalpine tallgrass was obtained. The total dry biomass of macrofauna was 3,84 ± 2,21 g/m2. Phytophages had the lowest total biomass and abundance. Saprophages, especially Annelida, had the highest total biomass and abundance. Dry biomass excluding Annelida was 2,05 ± 1,49 g/m2. The average amount of invertebrates was 1 592 ± 668 individuals per square meter. In the soils of subalpine tallgrass, the abundance of Diplopoda and Gastropoda is much higher compared to alpine communities probably do to more high calcium content in the soil.

Spatial-Temporal Trends of Carbon Stable Isotopes Values (δ13C) in Thalli of Epiphytic Lichen Hypogymnia Physodes from Near Moscow Site and Some Districts of Moscow CityBiazrov L. G.The comparison of δ13C values in organic matter (OM) of margin parts of thalli of epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes collected in 1989—1992 and in 2008—2009 in Istra district of the Moscow region and also in Moscow city (districts Tushino and Konkovo) is carried out. For the compared period the values of δ13C in OM of margin parts of thalli have decreased on 2.2‰ in Istra district and on 1.8‰ in Konkovo. In thallo from Tushino of ?13C values have not changed. The analysis of spatial distribution of δ13C values in ОM of H. physodes thalli has shown that to this attribute in the first term practically there are no distinctions between thalli collected in all three sites. In the second term are significant of distinction of ?13C values between thalli from Istra and Konkovo, on the one hand, and colected in Tushino, with another.

Complex Assessment of Pollution by Heavy Metals of a Soil Cover of a Coastal Zone of River. White Beloretsky Region of the Republic of BashkortostanSeregina J. J., Semenova I. N., Kuzhinа G. S.The content of heavy metals in soils of a coastal strip of river is investigated. White the Beloretsky region of the Republic of Bashkortostan, being in a zone of influence of the mining enterprises. The soils being in the settlement Tirlyan and Lomovka belong to moderately dangerous, and in Beloretsk — of dangerous category of pollution. The raised level of such metals, as copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, nickel, iron manganese and cadmium is revealed.

Project United Sanitary Protection Zone for a Group of Industrial Facility, Located in the Industrial Park «Vorsino» in Kaluga RregionKisenkova I. I., Morozenko M. I., Chernyaev S. I.The analysis of emission and calculated the of sanitary — protective zone for groups of enterprises located in the central area of the Industrial Park "Vorsino." The question of cost-effectiveness and efficiency of the sanitary-protective zone.

Assessment of Contamination of Snow Cover in GrodnoBialova K. A, Kavalchuk N. V.The paper presents the results for the study of the chemical composition of snow, selected from various parts of Grodno. The pH, contents of weighed substances, sulfate, nitrate and nitrite, chlorides, hydrocarbonates, ammonium, calcium, magnesium and heavy metals ions was determined during this work. Spatial differentiation of the main hydrochemical components in snow cover of Grodno city has been estimated. Comparative analysis of output of and snow cover sampling in 2013 with the results of similar research in 2012 have been conducted.

Prognosis of Dwarf-Shrub and Lichen Layers Development in Northern Taiga Pine Forests Under Artificial Pollution by Polymetallic DustGorshkov V. V., Bakkal I. Y., Lyanguzova I. V., Barcan V. S.Environmental pollution by polymetallic dust slows down the rate of post-fire recovery succession of moss-lichen layer in northern taiga pine forests. In case the technogenic load index (Il) is ?10 related units there are no disturbances. With the interval between 10 and 30 rel. units the expected delay of complete layer recovery as compared with the control may last 50—70 years. With the index of Il >30 rel. units the process of post-fire succession is totally disturbed and the layer recovery will depend on how fast the soil will get cleared of heavy metals; in this case the recovery delay is expected to last longer than 200 years. The state of the dwarf-shrub layer under the same values of Il is not changed.

The Patterns of the Modern Structure and Dynamics of the Steppe and Halophytic Vegetation in Left Volga Bank of Saratov RegionDavidenko O. N., Nevskiy S. A.The article is devoted to the estimation of current status steppe and halophytic vegetation communities in the left Volga bank of Saratov region. The associations prevalence in different parts of territory and comparative analysis of the diversity of associations at the present stage and studies of past years are performed.

Soil Invertebrates as Bioindicators of Technological Impact on the Ecosystem of ArkhangelskKonovalova O. N., Popova L. F., Filippov B. Y.Intensive production activities of humans are accompanied by contamination of environment components. Concentration of heavy metals in carabid beetles correlates with their concentration in soil and plants and can be used for bioindication of the anthropogenic impact on the ecosystems of the city’s industrial areas.

The materials and the study of the distribution of total forms of Na+, Mg+2, K+, Ca+2, Fetotal, Sr+2, Ba+2 in genetic horizons and parent material saz irrigated meadow soils of the desert zone of Fergana. Studied the influence of geochemical and chemical properties of the elements of their maintenance and migration. Defined correlation between the contents of the individual elements in irrigated desert soils. Fitted background contents of these elements to these soils.

On the south- east of Western Siberia live 32 species of game mammals. There is the shown tendency of reducing the density of population in the most important commercial species. The paper assesses the state of the number of game animals in Tomsk region. To the factors determining the number of game animals, the presence of fodder supply, and pressure of beasts of pray and hunting pressure, climatic conditions and terrain are attributed. The role of wolfs and bears in reducing the population density of ungulates is indicated.

Bioconcreate – anthropogenic bioinert substance Chmykhalo V.K.1,2, Zolotukhin P.V.1,2, Gunasekaran M.3, Chistyakov V.A.1 1 Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, vkchmykhalo@icloud.com2 Biomedical Innovation LLC, Rostov-on-Don, Russia2 Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), St. Peterburg, Russia, DOI: 10.18522/2308-9709-2022-41-3Annotation:Concrete, as the most popular material used in construction, is not without drawbacks directly related to its use. One of these is the process of cracking of reinforced concrete structures, leading to a decrease in the expected service life and additional costs for repairs and restoration. However, there are varieties of concrete that are capable of restoration and self-renewal. This ability is realized due to the activity of bacteria living in the thickness of concrete. The desire to imitate natural self-healing structures leads to the creation of artificial or anthropogenic forms of bioinert matter. An example of this process is the development and implementation of self-healing concrete mixes using biological components such as bacteria or their metabolites. This review considers the mechanisms of bacterial-mediated calcite reduction processes, methods for introducing living organisms into the concrete matrix, as well as the main problems and limitations that prevent the widespread use of bioconcretes.

EVALUATING WETLAND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN QUANG NINH PROVINCE OF VIETNAMNguyen Manh Ha1*, Dang Kinh Bac2, Tran Thi Thuy Van1, Vuong Van Vu1, Nguyen Van Hong1,3, Nguyen Ngoc Thang1, Mai Thanh Tan4, Dang Hung Cuong5, Kolesnikov S.I.61 Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet str., Cau Giay dist., Hanoi 100000, Vietnam2 Department of Geography, Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai str., Thanh Xuan dist., Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam3Faculty of Geography, Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet str., Cau Giay dist., Hanoi 100000, Vietnam 4Institute of Geological Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 84 Chua Lang str., Dong Da dist., Hanoi 100000, Vietnam *Corresponding author5Institute of Tropical Ecology, Joint Vietnam-Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, 63 Nguyen Van Huyen str., Cau Giay dist., Hanoi 10000, Vietnam6Academy of Biology and Biotechnology. DI. Ivanovsky Southern Federal University e-mail: dangkinhbac@hus.edu.vn; phone: +84 389 542 557 DOI:10.18522/2308-9709-2022-42-4Abstract. Wetland ecosystems provide various direct and indirect benefits for human well-being on the global scale. However, urbanization and climate changes have affected  the biodiversity and benefits obtained from wetland ecosystems negatively, particularly in Vietnam. The economic evaluation provides valuable information to balance the benefits obtained from economic development and natural conservation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the economic values of 11 benefit types obtained from eight wetland ecosystems in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam based on remote-sensing, GIS and interview methods. As a result, the wetland in Quang Ninh provides more than 339 million USD annually, especially in Van Don Island with more than 83 million USD per year. The recreation and tourism have used more than 128 million USD from the wetland ecosystems.  Next one is the aquaculture with 70 million USD. The values for conservation need to be improved if sub-regions in the research area become a natural heritage or global natural reserve in the future.

The preference of hybrids of house (Mus musculus wagneri) and mound-buildings (M. spicilegus) mice the odor of parental species is determined by the mother’s species.Maltsev A.N., Nekrasova M.V., Kotenkova E.V. Severtsov Institute of Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Abstract The responses of interspecific hybrids from two variants of crossing of house (Mus musculus Linnaeus 1758) and mound-building mice (M. spicilegus Petenyi 1882) to the odor of parental species were studied. The method of two-choice test of odors was used. It was shown with a high degree of statistical significance that hybrids investigated significantly longer the odor of individuals the same species as their biological mother in comparison of representatives of other forms of mice. Hybrid males from female M. musculus and male M. spicilegus preferred the odor of female M. musculus in estrus/anestrus compared to the odor of M. spicilegus females in estrus/anestrus and females prefer odor of male M. musculus. Hybrid males and females from male M. musculus and female M. spicilegus sniffed the odor of M. spicilegus significantly longer than that of M. musculus in different combinations of paired presentation of odor sources. If the same odor as was species-specific odor of their biological mother was absent during two-choice tests, then the individuals investigated significantly longer the odor of the same species as the male that reared them. That is, the reactions of hybrids in response to the odor of individuals of the parental species are determined to a significant level by early postnatal experience and the maternal environment, and not by their genetic characteristics.

Prospects for the use of secondary metabolites of representatives of the genus Crambe L. in economic activityChokheli Vasily A.1, Bushkova Anastasia A.1, Kornienko Igor V.1,2, Stepanenko Victoria V.1, Dmitriev Pavel A.1, Aramova Olga Y.1,2, Rajput Vishnu D.1, Varduni Tatiana V.11 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia2 Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russiavachokheli@sfedu.ru DOI: 10.18522/2308-9709-2022-42-8 Annotation: Article discusses the biochemical features of six representatives of the genus Crambe L.: C. abyssinica, C. stevenianae, C. pinnatifida, C. cordifolia, C. koktebelica and C. aspera. Most representatives of the genus Crambe L. have practical significance as a food, fodder, vitamin-bearing, medicinal, fatty-oil, honey-bearing, and ornamental plant. Groups of pharmacologically active lipophilic compounds have been identified in the plant raw materials of the genus Crambe: polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, carotenes and xanthophylls, tocopherols. It has been shown that the content of such an important acid as erucic acid for the production of biodiesel is significant in C. cordifolia seeds. The high content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids makes representatives of the genus Crambe L. promising for use as raw materials for pharmacological production. Thus, the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular linoleic acid, is shown for C. cordifolia seeds. High protein properties and the content of such a free amino acid as L-histidine and related amino acids (L-glutamic acid, glycine, L-arginine, L-leucine) make it possible to distinguish C. cordifolia among other representatives of this genus. The review describes the methods and conditions of in vitro cultivation of five representatives of the species C. aspera, C. abyssinica, C. koktebelica, C. tataria and C. maritima. It was shown that 6-benzylaminopurine was used as an effective growth regulator. It is shown that when growing C. abyssinica, phytoremidiation of soils is possible due to the absorption of arsenic. Also, 5 varieties of C. abyssinica are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for Use.

Evaluating the impact of hazards on ecosystem changes in the area of Pumat National Park, Nghean, VietnamNguyen Van Hong1,2*, Lai Vinh Cam1, Vuong Hong Nhat1, Nguyen Duc Thanh1,Tran Thi Nhung1, Nguyen Phuong Thao1, Nguyen Thi Thu Hien1, Le Kieu Trang3,Dang Hung Cuong4, Kolesnikov Sergey Illich51Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam; nguyenhong.ig@gmail.com2Faculty of Geography, Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet str., Cau Giay dist., Hanoi 100000, Vietnam3Vietnam National University (VNU) – School of Interdisciplinary Studies (SIS);4Institute of Tropical Ecology, Joint Vietnam-Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, Hanoi, Vietnam;5Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia. DOI: 10.18522/2308-9709-2022-42-11AbstractPlanning for the protection of ecosystems is a difficult task that incorporates a variety of different problems and requires an integrated assessment. In addition to managing a considerable amount of data used to characterize ecosystem aspects, these problems also involve selecting the right methods for assessing risks and dangers. This paper focuses on the basic fundamentals of analyzing the distribution of ecosystem evolution and the impact of hazards (such as landslides and erosion) in order to determine how these hazards have impacted the ecosystem evolution. GIS and the AHP method were used to create the hazards map and its component maps (the erosion map with 5 input maps and the landslide map with 9 input maps), as well as to undertake evaluations of ecosystem change in 2010 and 2020. The area of Pu Mat National Park, which is located in Vietnam's Nghean province and has significant biological characteristics, is the subject of the case study. The results are indicating the magnitude and strength of hazard's influence on ecosystem change. Following that, they will support the planning of socioeconomic development in the research region and diversity conservation.

Spatial-Temporal Trends of Carbon Stable Isotopes Values (δ13C) in Thalli of Epiphytic Lichen Hypogymnia Physodes from Near Moscow Site and Some Districts of Moscow CityBiazrov L. G.The comparison of δ13C values in organic matter (OM) of margin parts of thalli of epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes collected in 1989—1992 and in 2008—2009 in Istra district of the Moscow region and also in Moscow city (districts Tushino and Konkovo) is carried out. For the compared period the values of δ13C in OM of margin parts of thalli have decreased on 2.2‰ in Istra district and on 1.8‰ in Konkovo. In thallo from Tushino of ?13C values have not changed. The analysis of spatial distribution of δ13C values in ОM of H. physodes thalli has shown that to this attribute in the first term practically there are no distinctions between thalli collected in all three sites. In the second term are significant of distinction of ?13C values between thalli from Istra and Konkovo, on the one hand, and colected in Tushino, with another.

Complex Assessment of Pollution by Heavy Metals of a Soil Cover of a Coastal Zone of River. White Beloretsky Region of the Republic of BashkortostanSeregina J. J., Semenova I. N., Kuzhinа G. S.The content of heavy metals in soils of a coastal strip of river is investigated. White the Beloretsky region of the Republic of Bashkortostan, being in a zone of influence of the mining enterprises. The soils being in the settlement Tirlyan and Lomovka belong to moderately dangerous, and in Beloretsk — of dangerous category of pollution. The raised level of such metals, as copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, nickel, iron manganese and cadmium is revealed.

Project United Sanitary Protection Zone for a Group of Industrial Facility, Located in the Industrial Park «Vorsino» in Kaluga RregionKisenkova I. I., Morozenko M. I., Chernyaev S. I.The analysis of emission and calculated the of sanitary — protective zone for groups of enterprises located in the central area of the Industrial Park "Vorsino." The question of cost-effectiveness and efficiency of the sanitary-protective zone.

Assessment of Contamination of Snow Cover in GrodnoBialova K. A, Kavalchuk N. V.The paper presents the results for the study of the chemical composition of snow, selected from various parts of Grodno. The pH, contents of weighed substances, sulfate, nitrate and nitrite, chlorides, hydrocarbonates, ammonium, calcium, magnesium and heavy metals ions was determined during this work. Spatial differentiation of the main hydrochemical components in snow cover of Grodno city has been estimated. Comparative analysis of output of and snow cover sampling in 2013 with the results of similar research in 2012 have been conducted.

Prognosis of Dwarf-Shrub and Lichen Layers Development in Northern Taiga Pine Forests Under Artificial Pollution by Polymetallic DustGorshkov V. V., Bakkal I. Y., Lyanguzova I. V., Barcan V. S.Environmental pollution by polymetallic dust slows down the rate of post-fire recovery succession of moss-lichen layer in northern taiga pine forests. In case the technogenic load index (Il) is ?10 related units there are no disturbances. With the interval between 10 and 30 rel. units the expected delay of complete layer recovery as compared with the control may last 50—70 years. With the index of Il >30 rel. units the process of post-fire succession is totally disturbed and the layer recovery will depend on how fast the soil will get cleared of heavy metals; in this case the recovery delay is expected to last longer than 200 years. The state of the dwarf-shrub layer under the same values of Il is not changed.