03.02.07 Генетика

Pathologies of the functioning of the folate cycle genes make a significant contribution to the development of miscarriage. The polymorphism of miRNA genes may be associated with impaired gene expression of folate cycle. The status of folates as donors of methyl groups, in turn, can affect the expression profiles of miRNAs through changes in the level of DNA methylation. The study of the combined effects of protein-coding and regulatory polymorphic loci of the human genome is actual. The aim of this study was to identify the role of polymorphic variants of the miRNA27a gene and folate cycle genes in miscarriage. DNA samples of 48 women in the control group and 60 women with miscarriage in the first trimester served as material for the study. SNPs 677C>T and 1298A>C in the MTHFR, 2756A>G in the MTR, 66A>G in the MTRR, and A>G (rs895819) in the miRNA-27a are not associated with the risk of miscarriage. Analysis of haplotype frequencies for polymorphic loci (677C>T and 1298A>C) of the MTHFR gene revealed an association of the TA haplotype with an increased risk of miscarriage. A relationship was found between the level of homocysteine and the SNP of the MTRR 66A>G (r=0.38; p=0.007). The two-locus genotype 677CC MTHFR gene and AA (rs895819) miRNA27a gene is associated with a decrease in the level of homocysteine in the blood of women and a decrease in the risk of miscarriage in the first trimester.

 It is known that different subclasses of thymus cells can perform different immunological functions. This is largely due to the maturity of thymocytes. Given the fact of age-related involution of the thymus and the significant role of the thymus gland in T-cell maturation, as well as the widespread use of guinea pigs as various experimental immunological models, the aim of the study was to study some subclasses of immunological significance in guinea pigs of different ages. in animals of different ages (the first group - the age of 3-4 weeks, the second group - the average age of 3 months). The thymocytes with peanut agglutinin receptors (PNA + cells) in the thymus of these guinea pigs were studied; E-ROCK identified by spontaneous rosette formation with rabbit erythrocytes; EAC-ROCK - in rosette formation with rabbit erythrocytes coated with antibodies and complement; Tµ thymocytes — by rosette formation with bovine erythrocytes (EA-PO) loaded with an IgM fraction of specific antibodies, and Tγ cells — by rosette formation with bovine erythrocytes loaded with an IgG fraction of specific antibodies. It was shown that to characterize age-related differences in guinea pig thymus, methods can be used to determine in the thymus gland cells of various subclasses that have immunological significance, in particular, Tγ cells and PNA + cells.  

New Hypothesis AAbout the Origin of Durum Wheat Triticum Durum Desf., in Connection With Hexaploid Level of Its Luantitative SignsRomanov B. W.Phylogenetic researches at subgenomic level (diploid genome- phenome) quantitative signs of wheat, shows hexaploid (triplephenome) level of its signs at tetraploid Triticum durum Desf. AABB. Using this fact, suppose was launched, that durum wheat is “modified” hexaploid and new model of T.durum origin was offered.

Tradescantia Clone in Assessment of the Genotoxicity of Soils With Different Contents of 137Cs in the Area of the Armenian NPPAgadjanyan E. A., Avalyan R. E., Atoyants A. L., Aroutiounian R. M.The mutagenicity and clastogenicity of soils in the area of the Armenian NPP depending from the content of 137Cs is estimated with the application of the plant test-object Tradescantia (clone 02). The high sensitivity of applied tests, especially of Trad-stamen hairs, that demonstrated the correlation of genotoxicity of soils with different contents of 137Cs was shown.

Mishars: Population and Genetic CharacteristicElchinova G. I., Vasilyeva T. A., Elkanova L. A., Zinchenko R. A.Population and genetic parameters of Mishars and adjoining Chuvashs (for populations of the rank «Village Council»), living on the territory Buinsky and Drozhzhanovsky regions in the Republic of Tatarstan are analysed in this work. Expanded reproduction character of the both of the population and the lowest level of a metisation are founded. The scheme of a family landscape confirming the main conclusions of the work is made.

Sunflower Chlorophyll Mutations Induced by N-Nitrosomethylurea and Character of Its Inheritance II. Extranuclear En:chlorina MutationsUsatov A. V., Kolokolova N. S., Usatova O. A., Rogkova O. K., Chesnokova N. A., Fedorova M. A., Usatov N. A., Plotnikov V. G.Сhlorina mutations of the sunflower chlorophyll mutant collection of Southern federal university were studied. Its uniqueness consists in the fact that it was worked out on the base of one inbred line. Secondly, only one mutagen (N-nitrosomethylurea) was used for mutation inductions. Chlorina mutants are characterized by yellow-green leaves, reduced chlorophyll contents, reduced habitus and seed yield. Chlorophyll deficiency may be caused by some reasons in green plants. However, long-term researches of these mutants showed that they met the classic criteria of plastid inheritance. They are characterized by one-parental maternal inheritance of mutant character, defects of plastid structure and functions, changes of chloroplast DNA structure.

In work population and genetic characteristics of the Kazan Tatars for rank populations «Village Council» and the «area», the living in territory Arsky, Atninsky, Kukmorsky and Baltasinsky regions of the Republic of Tatarstan are analysed. Constantly decreasing nature of reproduction, the lowest level of a metisation in country people is found expanded, but. The scheme of a family landscape is analysed. Values of a casual and local inbriding for the Village Councils of all areas are given.

Features of the immune response in co-infections and in combination with invasions. Review Khozeeva E.V.1, Tretyakova A.V.1, Zimina Yu.A.11 Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia; zimina.yuliya@volsu.ruDOI:10.18522/2308-9709-2022-42-2AbstractIn the 21st century, bacterial, viral and helminthic diseases are still a serious health problem for a large number of people, not only in developing countries, but also in countries with a high level of medicine. Different types of infectious agents can be transmitted through the same routes, often leading to infection by two or more types of pathogens. Human infection with multiple pathogens is much more common than single infections. Given that different scenarios of the immune response develop in response to different pathogens, the behavior of the immune system in the presence of pathogens belonging to different taxa and causing different pathological processes is interesting. There are situations in which co-infection with opportunistic microorganisms can become much more dangerous for the body than the primary infection. Even with the proper functioning of the immune system, most often, the body cannot cope with several infections at the same time, which often leads to complications. The review provides a summary of modern research on this topic, published in foreign and domestic scientific journals, mainly over the past decade. The mechanisms of the immune response of humans and mammals to the most common combinations of infections, as well as helminth infestations, are considered. An attempt was made to classify coinfections depending on the scenario of their mutual effects on the body. The following main scenarios have been identified: mutual strengthening of infections, strengthening of one of the infections, weakening of the infection combined with helminthic invasion, and asymptomatic course of coinfections. The epidemiological situation in the world provides scientists with the opportunity to obtain a large amount of practical data. Therefore, the article pays special attention to the results of the latest research on the participation of the COVID-19 virus in coinfections.

Collection of samples of tumor, healthy tissues and blood samples of patients with gastric cancer in the biobank of the National Medical Research Center for Oncology - a resource for potential molecular genetic studiesGnennaya N.V., Filippova S. Yu., Sitkovskaya A.O., Mezhevova I.V., Chembarova T.V., Timofeeva S. V., Novikova I.A., Kolesnikov E.N., Gevorkyan Yu. A., Lapteva T.O.National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, 344037, Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don; ngnennaya@inbox.ruDOI:10.18522/2308-9709-2022-42-3AbstractGastric cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Due to its late diagnosis, as well as the high heterogeneity of this disease, the prognosis for patients today remains poor. Therefore, it is very important to conduct molecular genetic studies aimed at finding new biomarkers - disease predictors, which will not only change the approach to screening for gastric cancer, but also predict patient sensitivity and prognosis.In order to conduct potential molecular genetic studies a collection of samples of tumor and matching healthy tissues, as well as blood samples obtained from patients with gastric cancer treated at the center was formed, on the basis of the biobank of the National Medical Research Center for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Between January 2021 and September 2022, 692 tumor and healthy tissue samples were taken, as well as 318 blood samples from 173 patients. The average age of patients at the time of sampling was 62.3±0.79 years. The samples were placed in the biobank for long-term storage at -196°C. Information about patients, as well as all clinical information, is stored in a depersonalized form.The available collection of tumor and blood samples from gastric cancer patients, in conjunction with clinical information associated with the available samples, is a valuable resource for basic research.

Experience in obtaining a multicomponent three-dimensional cellular model of tumor growth for molecular genetic studies of breast cancerFilippova S.Yu.1, Timofeeva S.V.1, Chembarova T.V.1, Mezhevova I.V.1, Gnennaya N.V.1, Novikova I.A.1, Shulgina O.G.11 Federal State Budgetary Institution «National Medical Research Center of Oncology», Rostov-on-Don, Russia; filsv@yandex.ruDOI:10.18522/2308-9709-2022-42-9AnnotationBreast cancer remains an urgent problem of modern healthcare throughout the world. The development of new effective anticancer drugs is based on in vitro models that are as close as possible to in situ tumors in terms of their molecular genetic properties. The general idea is that a promising cellular model should reproduce the key elements of the tumor microenvironment, as well as the gas and nutrient gradients observed in the tumor. These requirements are met by multicomponent three-dimensional cellular models of tumor growth, which are widely used in experimental oncology. Despite a significant number of existing examples of the implementation of such models, the problem of finding cost-effective technological solutions that can provide material for the widest possible range of studies, from molecular to histological, remains relevant. In our work, we tested an adapted hanging drop method to obtain a multicomponent three-dimensional model of breast cancer tumor growth, which is a spheroid of BT20 breast cancer cells enclosed in a collagen clot containing fibroblasts. The novelty of our work lies in the sequential introduction of model components directly into a drop, in contrast to more common approaches that involve the transfer of cell agglomerates and their inclusion in biogels. Our technical solution is based on the use of SIEL 159-330 coating, which promotes the accelerated formation of agglomerates in a hanging drop, a property necessary to facilitate the medium replacement. The constructs obtained in the course of the work had a histological similarity with the tumor in situ. However, we failed to achieve contact interaction between tumor cells and the microenvironment.