03.02.04 Зоология

Monitoring of adventive grassy flora of the Botanical garden of Southern Federal University Shmarayeva Antonina Nikolayevna, Shishlova Zhanna Nikolayevna, Kuzmenko Inna Petrovna Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; anshmaraeva@sfedu.ru Abstract: The annotated list and results of the comprehensive analysis of grassy fraction of adventive flora of the Botanical garden of Southern Federal University (BS) is provided in article. In a short summary for each species are specified: the Latin and Russian names, a vital form, ecotype, frequency of occurrence and location in BS borders. Adventive grassy flora contains 66 species of seed plants from 25 families and 55 genuses, that makes 9.1 % of general structure of wild-growing flora of BS and 25.0 % of structure of sinanthropic flora of BS. The most part (59.7 %) of all families of sinanthropic flora of BS contain adventive species, including 17 families presented only by adventive plants. The most numerous families by taxons number in adventive grassy flora of BS are: Asteraceae (18 species), Brassicaceae (7 species), Poaceae (6 species), Oxalidaceae (4 species). The majority of genuses (85.5 %) in adventive grassy flora contain by one species, 9.1 % of genuses – 2 species, 5.4 % of genuses – 3 species (Amaranthus, Ambrosia, Xanthoxalis). In adventivne grassy flora of BS by a drift time the euneophytes (54.5 %) prevail, to neophyte group belong 33.3 %, and archaeophyte group belong 12.2 %. On extent of naturalization as a part of grassy fraction of adventive flora of BS epecophyte (53.0 %) quantitatively prevail, kolonophyte make 24.2 %, ephemerophyte – 15.2 %, and the smallest group – argiophyte (7.6 %). On the nature of primary area in adventive flora of BS the North American species (42.4 %) prevail.

Features of the geographical structure of the Krivoy Rog urban flora (Ukraine) Abstract: To identify the specificity of the formation of any flora and its relationship with other floras is possible using the geographic analysis. The aim of the work was to analyze the geographical structure of the spontaneous flora of Krivoy Rog city and to reveal the characteristics of its forming under the influence of urbanization. The object of research was all the species of higher plants, which spontaneously settled in the administrative borders of the city and its green zone. The geographical structure of the flora was understood as the inherent spectrum of geographic elements (arealogical groups). The analysis of the ranges of the species of the native fraction of Krivoy Rog urban flora was carried out on a zonal-regional basis, while the group of alien species was analyzed using the primary ranges of the species. Тhe geographic analysis reveals the autochthonous and allochthonous nature of the Krivoy Rog urban flora, its geographic connections at the level of high-ranking chorions: Holarctic, Palaearctic, Eurasian, Mediterranean.  In general, all the species belong to 7 basic and 2 transitional types and 25 geographic elements; alien species form the separate group. Identity and individuality of the city flora are determined by the species of the Black Sea type of the ranges, there are 147 ones (13,5%). A significant percentage of the alien species (30,66%) refers to the peculiarities of the modern florogenesis in urbanized territories; among these species an important role belong to representatives of the North American type of migratory elements (over 20% of the total number of alien species).  

Seventy years' experience of creation of the state protective forest strips in a steppe zone of Russia In a steppe zone of the European territory of Russia artificially created 8 state protective forest strips (SPFS) are located. Research objective: on the basis of analytical materials to carry out the assessment of a condition of SPFS of a steppe zone of the European part of Russia, to reveal their recreational potential. Materials and methods of a research: general information, creation history, ways and technologies of creation of SPFS, lesovodstvenny actions in them were studied and analyzed according to references and share materials. Information on existence and condition of SPFS in regions of a steppe zone of the European part of Russia was established according to the state forest register. For certain regions the recreational appeal of SPFS paid off.  In article the history of creation of these strips, since adoption of "The Stalin plan of transformation of the nature" from 20 оctober 1948 g is considered.  On this project in 15 years (1949-1965) it was planned to create 117.9 thousand hectares of SPFS, but actually works were finished in 1972. 4 water separate and 4 prirechnykh state protective forest strips were created.  Now the total area of SPFS in a steppe zone of the Russian Federation is 85.7 thousand hectares. At the same time more than 13% of their area are presented by not forest lands, and covered with forest vegetation are about 80%.  From tree species as a part of SPFS the Quércus róbur prevails, the second place is taken by an Fráxinus excélsior  and F. lanceolate, the third Ulmus pumila. It is established that more than a half of the spaces are occupied by middle-aged plantings, 16.6% – coming, 8.9% – ripe and perestoyny. The state protective forest strips have the recreational potential which increases in process of increase in a share of SPFS as a part of forest fund of the territory; and in process of decrease in the general woodiness of the territory.  The SPFS recreational value increases at increase in their availability (first of all transport) in comparison with other territory of forest fund.

Molecular-genetic and physiological features of chlorophyll-deficient sunflower mutants with extra-nuclear inheritance type Makarenko Maksim Stanislavovich, Kovalevich Aleksey Aleksandrovich, Shamova Tat'yana Vladimirovna, Kazancev Mikhail Yur'evich, Usatov Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract: Chlorophyll-deficient mutants are the appropriative models for providing investigations both of photosynthetic apparatus and nuclear-cytoplasmic relationships. In the current research, the genetic and physiological analysis of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) mutant lines (en:chlorina-1, en:chlorina-6, en:chlorina-7) was conducted. All the analyzed mutant lines have a yellow-green phenotype with an extra-nuclear type of mutation inheritance and have been obtained on the genetic basis of single inbred line 3629 by N-nitrosomethylurea induced mutagenesis. Matching the data of photochemical activity with chloroplast DNA genotyping data revealed that en:chlorina-1 mutant phenotype is associated with a non-synonymous mutation in the psaB (Thr586Ile) gene, en:chlorina-6 – in the psaB (Gly385Glu), and en: chlorina -7 – in psaA (Thr528Ile) and psbB (His157Tyr) genes.

The effectiveness of a new range of insecticides on maize against Heliсoverpa armigera (Hb) Zinchenko Vladimir E., Grinko ArtemV., Polienko Elena A. Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, grinko82@mail.ru Abstract: The article presents the results of three-year research on the use of modern insecticides against the main pest of maize in the Rostov region - Heliсoverpa armigera Hb. Studies have been conducted to study the biological effectiveness of the following chemicals Karate Zeon, MCS, Koragen, SC and Ampligo, MCS. The biological efficacy of insecticides Koragen, SC and Ampligo, MCS on day 14 after application was 86,5 and 91,7 %, respectively. On the variant with the use of insecticide Karate Zeon, MCS, the death of the pest did not exceed 45,8 %. Calculation of economic efficiency revealed a significant advantage of the preparation Ampligo, MCS. The income from this variant of experience amounted to 4841 rubles / ha with a profitability of 178,9 %. On variants Koragen, SC and Karate Zeon, MCS, this indicator was 1743,1 and 1177,9 rubles / ha, respectively.

Ecological-modifying effect of soil contamination with heavy metals on the contact interaction of human leukocytes Evstropov Vladimir M. Don state technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract: It is known that by assessing the intensity of the contact interaction of lymphocytes with granulocytes, we can detect the processes of preclinical carcinogenesis. Heavy metals have carcinogenic properties, and the interaction of lymphocytes with granulocytes, which characterizes the level of transforming cells, is reduced in people permanently residing in the city, compared to people in rural areas [6], apparently under the influence of increased of anthropogenic environmental pollutions. At the same time, the contact interaction of lymphocytes with granulocytes can be considered as a cytological phenomenon, which characterizes the functional state of leukocytes, in particular their locomotor and adhesive potencies. Based on the characteristics of various functional zones of the city of Rostov-on-Don, established on the basis of the determination of the total indicator of soil contamination with heavy metals (zinc, arsenic, copper, lead and nickel), we carried out a comparative analysis of the activity of contact interaction of leukocytes of various types (lymphocytes and granulocytes) among the residents of two functional zones of the city, who differ in the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals: with moderately dangerous and acceptable levels of contamination. The results of the study showed that the residents of the functional zone of the city with a moderately dangerous level of soil contamination with heavy metals, the intensity of the interaction of the studied leukocytes was lower than that of those living in the territory with an acceptable level of pollution. We assume that the revealed decrease in the intensity of contact interaction of leukocytes in people long-term living in areas whose soil is moderately polluted with heavy metals is caused by chromosomal abnormalities and transformation of leukocytes, in particular lymphocytes.

Biotechnologies of oil-polluted soil cleaning of the apsheron peninsula and integral indicator of their biological condition Nadjafova Samira I., Gasanova Zulfiya P., Ismaylov Nariman M. Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan; nadjafovas@yahoo.com Abstract: Studies of technologically disturbed soils of the Absheron Peninsula were carried out through the integral indicator of the soil biological state (IPBS) in accordance with the scores of the most important informative properties of their biological state: enzymatic activity, hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganism numbers, seed ratio of total hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms to the total number, phytotoxicity, allowing to evaluate the potential of self-cleaning ability of landscapes and choose the way of their rehabilitation. Processing the results of the experiments showed that there is a negative relationship between the indicators of the degree of anthropogenic load with soil biogenicity: r = -0.75 ± 0.04. The system analysis of biological indicators and IPBS calculated on their basis of technologically disturbed soils of the Absheron Peninsula in the NGDU territories allowed them to be ranked according to the degree of resistance to anthropogenic pressure and ability to self-purification: Karadag district> Sabunchu and Khazar districts> Surakhani and Binagadi districts> Sabail district As a method of biological remediation, a biological preparation was used based on excess activated sludge from the Gosaninsky aerator station. The results of laboratory model studies have shown that the introduction of a biological product has a positive effect on the biological properties of the soil at both the microbiological and enzymatic levels.

horny scutes of shell in postembryonal ontogenesis of tortoises Conducted long-term studies of the dynamics of the formation of structure terrain horny scutes of shell the Mediterranean tortoise (Testudo graeca) in post-embryonal ontogenesis. It was found that the intensity and variability of education forms the structural elements constituting the relief flaps shell depends on the duration and nature of the flow of active and inactive periods in the life of the tortoises.

Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Warder ex Engelm. и Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.in the space of vegetation indices CARI, CRI2 и CSI5 The article describes the experience of using data of a hyperspectral survey with a Cubert UHD 185 Firefly hyperspectral camera for two tree species of Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Warder ex Engelm. and Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. The camera captures the reflected electromagnetic radiation from objects in the range from the visible to the near-infrared range, recording data of 1000 × 1000 pixels in the form of one panchromatic and 125 hyperspectral images, 50 × 50 pixels in size. The camera can be installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and used for monitoring and inventory of green spaces. Remote sensing methods allows to quickly conduct research of large areas, including remote and difficult to access in a short time. The purpose of this work is to collect and analyze hyperspectral data for the development of technologies for inventorying green spaces using UAV-based hyperspectral complex. A total of 7511 spectral profiles of the two species studied were calculated using three vegetation indices: Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index, Carotenoid Reflectance Index and Carter Stress Index. The possibility to distinguish two species by the spectral characteristics of their leaves is shown by the example of Catalpa speciosa and Armeniaca vulgaris.

Agrochemical characteristics of mining-heap complexes with various substrata Agrochemical characteristics of mining-heap complexes with various substrata Dmitrakova Y.A., Abakumov E.V. Saint-Petersburg State University Russia, dmitrakovay.a@gmail.com Abstract: With the aim to evaluate of key agrochemical soil characteristics 8 mining-heap complexes were investigated on example of mines for exploitation building materials.  The study sites were located in Leningrad, Novgorod and Tula regions. Objects are presented by 3 limestones, 3 sandy-gravel, 1 phosphorite and 1 fireproof clays mines. All the quarries were presented by maximal diverse ecotopes, where soil pits were created and sampling were conducted.  Soil acidity, total organic carbon and available forms of phosphorous, potassium, ammonia and nitrates were determined in the lab. Data obtained showed that content of nutrients variates within the soil profile depth and this fact illustrate unhomogenety of substrata on heaps. All the ground characteristics are favorable for vegetation development. The only exception was fixed for soil on the pyrite containing ground with extremely acid reaction.  The nutrients content and pH values were strongly affected by relief and reclamation technology, at least it was more pronounced than type of parent material. Despite on popular opinion that substrate of mines are usually poor in terms of nutriens content, in our study their content was comparable or even higher that in natural soils.    

Air masses and pollution transport to some Northern regions of European Russia were studied with trajectory statistics. We used EMEP data on lead and cadmium emissions to the atmosphere from Europe in 2010-2014. This dataset is most suitable for current investigation aiming to separate the contributions to pollution of the Northern Russia environment from sources of European part of Russia (1) and from the rest European territories (2). In some years at some points contributions (2) may be sizable (up to 50% and more), but as a whole the North of European Russia is polluted by the own Russian anthropogenic sources. As calculated, spatial, seasonal, and interannual variations in environmental pollution may be as high as 10 times and more. Spatial variations are determined by different distances between investigation points and the main sources of pollutants. Seasonal variations in air concentrations depend on the difference in deposition velocities for different seasons. Interannual variations in pollution level in Northern regions are caused by diversity of atmospheric circulation pattern, and (in less degree) by emission differences from year to year.

The content of mortmass and biodynamics of arable soil under conditions of real agrotechnology in Siberia Eng. The content of mortmass and biodynamics of arable soil under conditions of real agrotechnology in Siberia Danilova A.A.Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Novosibirsk oblast. Krasnoobsk, a/b 356Danilova7alb@yandex.ru Abstract:We reviewed the literature data and the results of our own research in order to show the dependence of the ecologically significant biological properties of the soil on the content of the mortmass. The transfer of virgin soil to arable land leads to the mineralization of mobile organic matter stocks. In the long-term arable soil, all properties, including biological ones, stabilize at a lower level in comparison to the virgin soil. The use of fertilizers for plant nutrition can increase the total soil organic carbon content by only 0.1-0.2%. But the increase of mortmass carbon content can be more significant. Consequently, we have the opportunity to influence the biodynamics of the soil by changing of plant residues amount in the soil. In conditions of 4 grain-crop rotations, the influence of 4 doses of stubble wheat residues (2,2; 6,5; 7,2; 9,5 t/ha in year) on soil properties was studied. In 10 years after the beginning of the observations, the amount of mortmass was accordingly equal to 400, 690, 880, 1040 mg С/kg. The indicators of the biological activity of the soil increased by about 30-50%The relationship between the biological activity indicators and the detoxification activity of the soil was not straightforward.The most optimal dose of plant residues from ecological and agrotechnological positions was a dose equal to 6,5 t / ha, which provided detoxification of pesticides within the current growing season. Thus, there is the posibility to optimize the ecotoxicological situation in the arable soil at the expense of the agrocenosis's own resources.

Diurnal changes of weight and fat reserves in the Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus, Aves) during winter period Eng. Diurnal changes of weight and fat reserves in the Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus, Aves) during winter period Gavrilov Vadim V. S.N. Skadovsky Zvenigorod Biological Station, Biology department of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,119991 Moscow, Russia; vadimgavrilov@yandex.ru Research was carried out in 1999 - 2018 at Zvenigorod Biological Station (the Moscow Region, Russia, 55o44' N, 36o51' E). Birds were caught by mist-nets. All the birds were banded, fat reserves and weight were determined and then birds were released. In total 58 Eurasian blue tit were caught. The daily rhythm of body weight of Eurasian blue tits can be divided into two periods: from 8 to 13 hours and from 13 to 19 hours. The body weight in the second half of the day - from 13 to 19 hours - is significantly higher than at other times. At night, the body weight of birds decreases. Fat reserves of Eurasian blue tits are maximal at the end of the day, with the last evening hours practically unchanged. Between 16 and 19 hours fat reserves are higher than at other times. Fat reserves decrease throughout the night and continue to decrease in the morning, reaching a minimum at 12 hours, after which they increase.

New information on the genetic differentiation of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882. Eng.  New information on the genetic differentiation of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882. Maltsev A.N. ¹, Stakheev V.V. 2, Bogdanov A.S.3, Panasyuk N.V. 2, Kotenkova E.V. ¹ ¹Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia;aleks.maltcev@gmail.com ²Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia ³Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Abstract: New results on phylogenetics and phylogeny of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882 were obtained. The eastern boundary of this species is  traced in Russia through the territories of the Kursk, Belgorod and Rostov regions. The objectives of the study: assessment of genetic variability and analysis of phylogenetic relationships between the populations of the mound-building mice in the eastern part of the range, which was insufficiently studied in this respect. As a result of phylogenetic analysis, we found that there are two phylogroups of mound-building mice - eastern and western. The first includes individuals of M. spicilegus from the eastern part of the range (Moldova, Crimea, Rostov Region), the second one – animals from central and southern Europe (Austria, Montenegro, Serbia, Greece). Earlier, subspecies of mound-building mice in southern Europe was identified – M. s. adriaticus. On the phylogenetic tree in our work, this subspecies is allocated to a separate phylogroup. The first phylogroup is ancestral from the Balkan Peninsula, which has a higher genetic diversity, the second one located in the eastern part of the range, characterized by low genetic variability.

Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus and C.rutilus) reaction to house mouse odor in large enclosures Eng.  Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus and C.rutilus) reaction to house mouse odor in large enclosures Osipova Olga V. 1, Kozhukhantseva Ekaterina A. 2, Kotenkova Elena V. 1 1A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russia Abstract: House mice have got hard odor which seems to protect their territory from the other rodent species. Peculiarities of bank and red voles’ reaction to house mouse odor put upon traps were studied. Visual observations of voles’ behavior near traps with and without mouse odor were conducted in large (120 sq. m) enclosures where voles lived in groups. Species, sex and social status was found to be significant for the type of the reaction. Voles of both species with high social ranks got into the traps with equal frequency and stayed there for equal time. Bank vole males with low social rank avoided traps with the odor. By contrast red vole females preferred to stay in these traps.         

To the knowledge of some species of the genus Paederidus Mulsant & Rey, 1878 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from the Western Palaearctic Eng. To the knowledge of some species of the genus Paederidus Mulsant & Rey, 1878 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from the Western Palaearctic   Khachikov Eduard A. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia. e_hachikov@mail.ru Abstract We studied the morphology of endofallus of species Paederidus ruficollis (Fabricius, 1777), P. sanguinicollis (Motchulsky, 1860), P. punctiventris Scheerpeltz, 1957, P. rubrothoracicus (Goeze, 1777) and related forms from the Caucasus, Europe, Turkey and Algeria in this paper. This allowed is making additions to the European fauna of the genus Paederidus Mulsant & Rey, 1878: selected the new subspecies P. ruficollis carpaticus subsp. n. from the Western Ukraine. And just to clarify the species composition of the same genus in the Northern Caucasus, is including three species: Paederidus caucasicus Scheerpeltz, 1957, nom. resurr. = P. sanguinicollis (Motschulsky, 1860), syn. n.; P. punctiventris and Paederidus sp. 1, and excluded from the fauna of this region species – Paederidus ruficollis and P. rubrothoracicus.  

Sheyko Elena A.1, Sytnikov Denis M.2 1 S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy  of Vernadsky CFU, Simferopol, Russian Federation; lenasheyko@mail.ru 2 Odessa I.I Mechnikov National University, Odessa, Ukraine   Abstract: Anatomy-morphological, symbiotic and allelopathic peculiarities of four representatives of the Orchidaceae Juss., the Crimea geophyte species: Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz s. l., Dactylorhiza iberica (M. Bieb. exWilld.) Soo?, Epipactis persica (Soó) Nannf. s. l., Ophrys mammosa Desf. subsp. taurica (Aggeenko) Soo? were studied. Biochemical, physiological, microscopic methods of research and methods of statistic alanalysis were used. As a result of the conducted researches, the features of the localization of the endomycotrophic component, the dynamics of symbiotic and allelopathic relations at various stages of ontogenesis, the influence of edaphic factors on the degree of mycotrophy were revealed. It was established that in the rhizomatous orchid species the degree of mycotrophy is lower than in the fleshy root species. The dynamics of symbiotic relationships varied according to ontogenesis phases. Occurrence of the mycorrhizal infection decreases from juvenile to a generative stage in the studied species. As the degree of mycotrophy increases, the number of ovules and seeds in the capsule increases. By the means of qualitative histochemical reactions it was established that the dynamics of allelopathic interactions is due to the accumulation of lignin, pectin and phenolic compounds in the tissues of the primary cortex of the orchids` rhizome. When studying the hormonal complex of fungi associated with orchids, the ability to excrete auxins and cytokinins into the external environment was revealed. It opens the possibility of microorganisms impact on overall hormonal balance of plants, stimulating additional rooting of orchids, as well as to influence the germination of their seeds. It was defined that the reproductive strategy of the investigated species of orchids is determined by the degree of interaction with the mycorhizal fungi, the peculiarities of the growing conditions and the nature of the studied species pollination.   

Materials on moulting of Dice snake (Natrix tessellata) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Natrix) in mainland and island populations of the western coast of Middle Caspian The article presents data on a molting of the Dice snake (Natrix tessellata) on the western coast of the Middle Caspian. The sex and the age differences in the frequency of moulting and the duration of the intervals separating of them have been revealed. A general increase in molting frequency in individuals of the island population were established. Approximately at 30% of the dice snakes of continental populations on the recreationally transformed areas of the territory were marked moult violations, which were expressed a fragmented of the pull off of the skin. There was a strong positive correlation between the length of the intervals between molts and the length of the body of snakes.  

Heavy metals in soils and road dust in the Stoilo-Lebedinsky mining complex. The content of heavy metals and metalloids were investigated in iron ore, soils and road dustin surrounding the Stoilo-Lebedinsky mining complex of Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, where a lot of mining, metallurgical and other enterprises are located. It was shown that this territory is subject to aerotechnogenic pollution by a large set of chemical elements, but because of their low background content in mined iron ore and natural variation of soil composition, it is difficult to identify the technogenic impact using gross analysis. The determination of chemical elements associated with iron in Tamm extract in combination with chemical composition of road dust, is the most informative way to detect anthropogenic impact on territory, influenced by ferrous metallurgy enterprises.  

Influence of elements of cultivation technology on soybean yield on chernozems of ordinary Grinko Artem V., Kulygin Vladimir A. Don Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture, Rassvet, Russia; grinko82@mail.ru Abstract: Improvement of the elements of soybean cultivation technology for obtaining high and sustainable yields is an actual task of agricultural production. To do this, it is necessary to optimize the factors that influence the growth and development of plants, as well as use the achievements of selection. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of important elements of technology (the method of soil cultivation, levels of mineral nutrition, the rate of seeding) on the yield of soybeans in the soil-climatic conditions of the Priazovskaya zone of the Rostov Region. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Don Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture in 2014—2017. The article presents the results of research on a new variety of soybean Kazachka. The highest yield of soybean was obtained with the moldboard method of soil cultivation, high level of mineral nutrition N80P80K80 and seeding rate 0.7 million pcs / ha, it was 19.5 c / ha. The yield of soybeans for chisel soil cultivation was less by 1.2 centner / ha, or 6.1%. The best payback of 1 kg of fertilizers was obtained at the medium level of mineral nutrition (N40P40K40), regardless of the method of soil cultivation and the seeding rate, it was 3.33 kg / kg. In the conditions of a shortage of energy and mineral resources, the most effective combination of elements of soybean cultivation technology: chisel soil cultivation, medium level of mineral nutrition and seed rate of 0.7 million pcs / ha.  

Functional annotation of genes of localized on Y-chromosome оf human Annotation of genes localized on the Y-x romosome is carried out in the reference genome GRCh38.p7 located in NCBI. The Y-chromosome sequence in this assembly is 57227415 bp. The systematization of information about the functions of genes, biological processes in which their products participate, as well as their localization in cellular components is presented. It is shown that 98 protein-coding genes are localized on the Y chromosome, of which 63 genes are responsible for sex determination and spermatogenesis, 15 genes encode proteins that are part of cellular organelles, for 3 genes functions are unknown.  

Condition of Allium globosum Bieb. ex Redoute сenopopulation in specially protected natural territory «Natural boundary the Black ravine» Shmaraeva Antonina N., Shishlova Zhanna N., Kuzmenko Inna P. Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; anshmaraeva@sfedu.ru   Abstract: In 2017 for the first time has been described the Rostov region's rare species cenopopulation Allium globosum Bieb. ex Redoute in a specially protected natural territory «Natural boundary the Black ravine». This natural territory of 522,9 hectares is located in the center of White Kalitva district on the right coast of river the Northern Donets, to the south from the farm of Kakichev. The flora of «Natural boundary the Black ravine» contains more than 300 species of angiospermous plants, including 18 taxons, listed in the Red Lists of the Rostov region and Russia. Now only three cenopopulations of Allium globosum are known and all of them in the White Kalitva district; one of them is in the «Natural boundary the Black ravine». Allium globosum is a bulbous-root polycarpous, forming clones, breeds mainly seeds. Cenopopulation of Allium globosum lives on a steep slope of ravine as a part of community of transitional type from the thyme to the stony steppe. The vegetation cover of an ecotope is rarefied, created on skeletal soil, the general projective covering – 60 %. Flora of association contains more than 40 species. In community a cereal herbs (Festuca valesiaca Gaudin, Agropyron pectinatum (Bieb.) Beauv.) and petrofile grasses dominate. The area of cenopopulation is about 10000 sq. m, and its density in places of concentration is 104 specimens on 0,25 sq. m. In an age range the sprouts (46 % of total specimens number) and juvenile plants (41 %) are prevail; immature specimens make 3 %, virgin – 4 %, generative – 6 %. So, by the age structure cenopopulation belongs to normal completed and young. It is characterized by satisfactory indicators of number, density, vitality of specimens that in general provides possibility of its long stable existence.  

Herbarium named after I.V. Novopokrovsky (RV): 100 years of the herbarium collection of K.M. Zalessky Demina Olga Nikolaevna1, Rogal Lyudmila Leonidovna2 1Karachaevo-Circassian State University named after U.D. Aliyeva, Russia, 369200, ul. Lenin, KChGU. E-mail: ondemina@yandex.ru 2 Southern Federal University, Russia, 344006, Rostov-on-Don, Botanical Descent, 7. SFU   Abstract:  The work reviews the herbarium collection of K.M. Zalessky, which has been stored for 100 years in herbarium named after I.V. Novopokrovsky Department of Botany of SFedU (RV). This is about 1 thousand of the most valuable rare specimens. At the beginning of the last century, he collected materials for the knowledge of the vegetation of the Lower Don region. These works, representing an inexhaustible source of botanical knowledge about the vegetation cover of the region, were systematically studied the vegetation cover of the Lower Don basin. The scientists for the first time characterized the types of Don steppes and on the basis of the herbarium, a flora outline was compiled, comprising 328 species of plants indicating their habitats and locations. Some of the places of herbarium fees given in this paper do not already exist or they were found outside the Rostov region: the habitat of Astragalus sulcatus collected by K.M. Zalessky on the meadow on May 31, 2017, in the vicinity of the village of Esaulovskaya, which belonged to the Second Don district (now the Volgograd region), is now flooded with the waters of the Tsimlyansk reservoir; habitats Asplenium septentrionale - the species was found by the scientist on June 5, 2017 in the crevices of the Royal rocks, on the territory of Ukraine (now it is a branch of the Lugansk nature reserve). Therefore, the herbarium collection from the southwestern and southern parts of the former Don Military Region serves as an invaluable historical evidence of the natural past of the Lower Don basin. Currently, the collection of K.M. Zalessky is used both for the compilation of fundamental floristic reports and for constructing various hypotheses on the dynamics of the Don flora and vegetation. These materials are the basis for studying the biological diversity of the Don region.  

Modern problems of natural and technogenic pollution of the environment (review) One of global problems of the present is pollution of the land area and water ecosystems by harmful ingredients. Scales of ecological consequences of environmental pollution steadily grow and consequences can be catastrophic. The number of natural and technogenic catastrophes has grown for the last 100 years by 20 times. Glaciers are intensively thaw in the Arctic and Antarctic . For the last 50 years temperature in the southwest of Antarctic has grown by 2,5 °C. Among natural sources of pollution the leading place is taken by volcanoes (520 acting from 1300), 250 thousand people have died from a tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 2004, because of accident on the NPP in Fukushima (Japan) in 2011 15,5 thousand people have died. Annually in the world there are more than 200 thousand fires, in Russia their quantity has grown from 2000 to 2009 from 9 to 22%. The huge contribution in environmental pollution is brought by the enterprises, motor transport, agriculture (mineral fertilizers, pesticides, etc.). In 31 countries 192 NPPs (more than 450 power units) work, 80-90% of waste of nuclear fuel production are stored locally around nuclear power plants, and then taken out on burial in the mines located in Russia in the Urals and in the USA – in 180 km from Las Vegas. The special danger is caused by nuclear weapon and nuclear waste, space debris, solid and liquid household waste. In the Baltic Sea over 300 thousand tons of the chemical warfare agents (CWA) are buried, in the Kara Sea 17 thousand containers with radioactive waste, 16 nuclear reactors, 5 atomic submarines, etc. are based. Plastic waste has polluted the rivers, the seas and oceans. From 1901 to 2007 in the world there were 1125 largest industrial accidents, more than 6 billion tons of mineral fertilizers, 8,3 billion tons of plastic are made and applied. Studying of diverse influence of anthropogenic factors on the environment is one of the most important current issues. An ultimate goal of such research – protection and improvement of the habitat of the person.  

Methodical principles for determining the bulk density of chernozem Morozov Igor V., Vareldzhan Diana E., Borovikova Yana V., Kolesnikova Nadezhda A. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; migovad@sfedu.ru Abstract: Bulk density of soils is a fundamental physical value, wich is used in soil science to assess the relationship between solid, liquid and gaseous phases of the soil, to calculation of the total and differential porosity, stocks of substance, estimation of the degree of addition, and other agrophysical characteristic.The purpose of the research is designing of methodical principles for determining of the bulk density of chernozem. The feature of ordinary calcareous chernozem is the change in volume when moisture is varied, it was decisive when research object was choosing. Drilling and calculation methods were used to determine the soil density. Studies have shown that the dynamics of soil moisture is the reason of bulky changes in the soil, which is fixed by us in the form of parameters such as volume compaction and swelling volume. Also volume changes inevitably must be reflected in the change of the parameters of soil density. The dynamics of the bulk density when the soil moisture change is due to the phenomena of swelling and compaction exactly. At that the result of determination of soil bulk density will depend on the initial condition of soil: its moisture and, the occupied volume accordingly. The same soil can have different bulk density values - 1.2 g / cm3 and 1.8 g / cm3, respectively. These values correspond to two possible limiting status of soil as a physical body with a variable volume. We think that the available methods require a conceptual solution; when calculating the bulk density, it is proposed to take into account the dynamics of the volume of the soil, determining the interval «compaction limit of bulk density - swelling limit of bulk density».

About the formation of carbonate horizon of ordinary calcareous chernozems Morozov Igor V., Bezuglova Olga S., Minaeva Evgeniya N. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, migovad@sfedu.ru Investigations were carried out on ordinary calcareous chernozem, which is named as migrate-segregated chernozem according to the Soil Classification of Russia (2004). The genesis of calcareous horizons is significantly linked with long-term dynamics of carbonates' precipitation. According to our opinion, upper boundary and deepness of accumulation of calcareous concentrations are determined by pulsating nature of the annual sum of atmospheric precipitations and their distribution during long-term cycle. The bottom boundary of water infiltration for significant part of atmospheric precipitations during 33th year period of observations is genetically related with a part of soil profile where calcareous concentrations are formed. About 71 % of the annual sum of atmospheric precipitations is percolated to the depth from 80 to 159 cm as a result of water infiltration into soil profile. It is an evidence of the paleomorphic nature of soil horizon where water-soluble salts and gypsum are significantly accumulated at depth 210-250 cm, and the same time is a proof of the absence of link with modern chernozemic soil-forming process.

Diversity Indicators for landscape ecology in the area of Pumat National Park, Nghean, Vietnam Diversity Indicators for landscape ecology in the area of Pumat National Park, Nghean, Vietnam Nguyen Van Hong1*, Lai Vinh Cam1, Vuong Hong Nhat1, Tran Thi Nhung1, Nguyen Phuong Thao1, Nguyen Thi Thu Hien1, Le Kieu Trang2, Dang Hung Cuong3,4, Kolesnikov Sergey Illich4   1Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam; nguyenhong.ig@gmail.com 2Vietnam National University (VNU) – School of Interdisciplinary Studies (SIS); 3Institute of Tropical Ecology, Vietnam-Russian Tropical Centre, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Academy of Biology and Biotechnologies, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.   Abstract Landscape ecology structure and diversity are not only influenced by many ecologically relevant processes but also by assessing the plan, policy about the management of resources. Using landscape indicators can find out the connection between landscape components and spatial distribution. In this article, the diversity indicators are used for calculating the area of Pumat National Park, Vietnam. These include Number of patches (NP), Percentage of Landscape (PLAND), Shape (SHAPE_AM), Landscape Shape Index (LSI), Edge Contrast (ECON_AM), Contagion (CONTAG), Cohesion (COHESION), Aggregation index (AI), Simpson Diversity Index (SIDI). These indicators were calculated on landscape ecology units created from component maps that included geomorphology (topographic and geological maps), soil maps, bioclimate maps, and vegetation cover maps. The findings which are indicators measured and analyzed then show the diversity of landscape ecology will contribute to planning diversity conservation and socio-economic development in the research area.

Gentle blood sampling from tortoises (Testudines) to detect blood parasites Gentle blood sampling from tortoises (Testudines) to detect blood parasites Turkan F. Gurbanova, Nizami E. Novruzov Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan   Abstract: An alternative method for obtaining high-quality blood samples from tortoises of the genus Testudo for the detection of blood parasites by blood extraction using a medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) has been proposed. This method of blood extraction is also effective, as well as traditional methods of blood sampling from turtles, but in contrast to them, it is simple to perform, more humane and safe for these animals.

Interaction of the nuclear factor kappa bi cascade and genes regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition Interaction of the nuclear factor kappa bi cascade and genes regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition Chmykhalo V.K.1 1 Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, vkchmykhalo@icloud.com   Abstract The epithelial-mesenchymal transition is one of the sources of the emergence of new cancer stem cells in response to cancer chemotherapy. The initiation of this process depends on a number of transcription factors - Snail, Twist, Zeb, which regulate the activity of genes, involved in cellular phenotype and inter-tissue interactions. In turn, Snail, Twist, Zeb are targets for the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa bi (NF-kappaB) cascade, one of the leading signaling pathways of cell adaptation and defence both under normal conditions and in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, including various oncologies. This review study examines the interaction of NF-kappaB with genes regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells. The mechanisms of information transfer and the activation pathways of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and the regulatory network of transcription factors of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition are considered. Data on the factors of initiation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition with the NF-kappaB participation are presented. Roles of specific components in NF-kappaB signaling pathway are presented separately in this trigger, as well as cooperation with other signaling cascades involved in the tumors development. It also demonstrates the usage of various pharmacological, including protein, inhibitors of the NF-kappaB cascade to prevent EMT triggering. In conclusion, the facts about the regulation of NF-kappaB activity due to the reverse loop formed by the products of the target genes of the Snail, Twist, Zeb factors are presented. This work is of interest to specialists in the field of cell biology, human genetics and molecular oncology

Implementing the UN sustainable development goals for greener remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals: new trends and directions for the future Eng. Implementing the UN sustainable development goals for greener remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals: new trends and directions for the future Mahmoud Mazarji1, Muhammad Tukur Bayero2, Tatiana Minkina1, Svetlana Sushkova1, Saglara Mandzhieva1, Andrey Tereshchenko1, Rıdvan Kızılkaya2, Coşkun Gülser2 1 Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation 2 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, 55080, Turkey     Abstract: The remediation of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil is always an important topic. Exposure to contaminated soil with carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic potential can result in serious health effects. Nowadays, rapid growth in urbanization, population, and living standards call for a finding sustainable solutions during the post-COVID-19 era. These numerous potential advantages, especially integrated with biochar produced from various biomass, might provide an ecologically beneficial tool for achieving the United Nations’ sustainable development objectives for greener soil remediation. In this context, the biochar preparation method from different agricultural feedstock and its use as a soil amendment for remediation of HMs-contaminated were discussed. Furthermore, biochar-based nanocomposites containing functional materials have lately attracted much interest because of the unique properties emerging from their nanoscale size compartment, which present a good promise in terms of reactivity and stability. The utility and potency of these biochar-based nanocomposites, on the other hand, are determined by their ability to adapt to particular site circumstances and soil qualities. This overview effectively summarizes the current advances in the application for the remediation of polluted soils including HMs, since there is no complete assessment of the uses of biochar-based nanocomposites. Future views on the usage and possibilities for

Variation of soil fertility indicators during the cultivation of winter wheat using no-till technology Eng. Variation of soil fertility indicators during the cultivation of winter wheat using no-till technology Uralev L.I.1, Biryukova O.A.1, Ilchenko Y.I.1, Ilchenko A.E.1 1Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia     Abstract: The paper presents an assessment of the spatial variability of nutrients and reserves of productive moisture in the Calcic Chernozem during the cultivation of winter wheat using the no-till technology. A significant variation in the content of nitrate nitrogen and mobile phosphorus in the soil (V> 40,0%) was found between the surveyed fields (n = 131). The spatial variability of the reserves of productive moisture is less (V = 5,0–17,0%) than the content of mobile forms of the main nutrients. Perhaps this is due to the positive effect of no-till technology on the water regime of the soil. The spatial variability of growing conditions strongly affects the yield of winter wheat. The dependence of the crop yield on the reserves of productive moisture before sowing (r = 0,80) and in the phase of entering the tube (r = 0,34), as well as on the content of nitrate nitrogen (r = 0,34) and mobile phosphorus in the soil before sowing (r = 0,30). The results obtained indicate the need to adjust the doses of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in the fields of an agricultural enterprise. At the same time, the effectiveness of various agrotechnical methods is determined by the moisture supply before sowing and in the phase of entering the tube.

The accumulation of toxicants in the body of bees and honey in the conditions of ecologically crisis areas of the Republic of Tatarstan The article is devoted to the study of contamination of honey bees and honey toxicants in oil-producing regions of the Republic of Tatarstan. The results of the accumulation of a number of toxicants in the body of bees and honey.

Monitoring of mushrooms Agaricus bisporus (J. Lge) Imbach: diagnostics and prevention of diseases We conducted research and experiments and we determined that the mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus (J. Lge) Imbach) infected with bacteria, viruses, microscopic fungi. We recommend prevention activities to fight infections.

The comparison of standard metabolic rate and respiratory quotient in Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus, Aves) during winter and summer Standard metabolic rate in the Eurasian blue tit during winter significantly lower than during summer. Respiratory quotient in the Eurasian blue tit during winter higher than during summer, but not significantly. Standard metabolic rate and respiratory quotient had well pronounced diurnal rhythms with minimum in the nighttime (from 2 a. m. to 5 a. m.) and maximum in the daytime. The maximum difference between standard metabolic rates during daytime and nighttime was 45 % during winter and 15 % during summer.

The effect of foliar feeding of micronutrients on the formation yield of spring rape seeds One of the promising directions in improvement of technology of cultivation of spring oilseed rape is the application of microelements. The results of the studies have revealed increasing the yield of spring rape seeds by 19.7 % with foliar feeding is examined boric and sulfur fertilizers.

The study of the allelic state of microsatellite loci of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) The results of studies of the genetic polymorphism in varieties and hybrids of sugar beet, of which several were polymorphic, are presented. Five types of alleles at marker 086 GZM were identified and analyzed using SSR-analysis. Established genetic similarity between two pairs of hybrids through the test locus, may indicate their common origin.

Bayesian analysis of 2?2 contingency tables relative proportions A new standard expression for distribution of epidemiological risk ratio estimates has been found out using two by two methods of study. Comparing homogeneous groups the distribution is operational within wide-ranging conditions studying both rare and frequent events. Support value of the distribution formula will increase primarily in cases with small amount of the cases or controls observed. Using the derived distribution excess mortality from lung cancer of the Mayak PA workers was associated with radiation exposure with high reliability of the observation.

The comparative study of the influence of pathogenic factors on the formation of congenital and acquired neurosensory hearing loss The aim is to carry out a comparative analysis of pathogenic factors influence on the formation of congenital and acquired NHL and on the formation of complex pathologies and peculiarities of psycho-physiological status of the child. Сhildren with NHL have a physical developmental lag in the process of individual ontogenesis, which is manifested in the lack of functional maturity of somatic and visceral systems of the body, the simultaneous presence of different of anomalies of growth and development. The comparative analysis of the influence of the environmental pathogenic factors on the formation of the congenital and the acquired NHL showed that the condition of intra- and inter-hemispheric integration and the nature of spectral power density of the EEG ranges in children with NHL can act as a functional criterion for the pathology development.

Problems and prospects of the main biogenic elements intramolecular isotope correlations using as a new resource of different aetiology pathologies diagnostics It is shown that chemical elements isotopes fractioning in chemical and biochemical reactions is based on two fundamental kernel properties — the mass and the spin; differences between them can affect on both chemical reactions speed and reactive systems energy state. In some cases deviations in mass-dependent linear isotopic effect for most of uneven isotopes from hydrogen to uranium are observed. These fractioning peculiarities can be used: in living organisms — for early disease detection of different aetiology pathology; in abiogenous natural systems — for new methods of heavy elements isotopes enrichment development.

Formation of the liver in amphibian larval period on the example of the green toad (Bufo Viridis Laurenti, 1768) Describes the morpho-physiological characteristics of the emerging liver in larvae of the green toad (Bufo viridis Laurenti, 1768). Identified that studied the body performs the function of blood during larval development period. In the liver are formed elements of the blood of all lines. Describes he specifics of the organization and morphological changes of the body from developing larvae. There are some pathological changes in the liver and formed elements of blood.

Kasatik mistrue (Iris notha Bieb.) in Azov district of Rostov Province Results of the two Iris notha Bieb. cenopopulations studies in Azov district of Rostov Province in a valley of Vodinskaja gorge (river Tchumburka bassin), first registered in 2014 are presented. There are determined: population area, quantity, density, age structure of cenopopulations, seeds productivity, limiting factors.

Communication quantitative chromosomal abnormalities of spermatozoa and preimplantation embryos Modern genetic diagnosis allows to establish chromosomal nondisjunction not only in postnatal and prenatal periods, but also in germ cells and early embryos. Thus, the most common nondisjunction in sperm are 18 and sex chromosomes. The most common aneuploidy in preimplantation embryos are chromosomes 21 and 18. Win abnormal embryos was 65,2 %, which indicates that the most effective elimination of nonviable embryos in early preimplantation stage.

Characteristics of regenerative processes in the reproductive system of cows in disadvantaged on viral leukemia farms Reproduction of the herd at the epizootic troubles is a challenge for many farms. Special therapeutic approach to gynecological pathology is required for detection of viral bovine leukemia.

Total ecosystem respiration and evapotranspiration of steppe catena (West Siberia) The article deals with the diurnal dynamics of CO2 emission and evapotranspiration of steppe ecosystems. The profiles of carbon dioxide distribution in soil atmosphere were set under soil salinity conditions. The findings help to explain the ecological function of steppe catena.

Features of action of weak low-frequency alternating magnetic field on the intensity of division planarian Dugesia tigrina at static magnetic field with "zero" and geomagnetic values It have been shown that exposure of the planarians to low-frequency alternating magnetic field (frequency of 3,7 Hz, the amplitude of 40 nT, exposure 4 h) in combination with a static magnetic field collinear with the induction of 42 mT promoted its division. On other hand compensation of the static magnetic field (induction £ 0,1 mT) by means of alternating magnetic field resulted in the opposite directional inhibitory effect consisted of reduction of the number of divisions of planarians.

Dynamics of toxicity waters of the small river within megapolis (r. Temernik, SFD) Ecological problems of small rivers were considered. Based on years of material toxicity waters r. Temernik (SFD) at bioassay was shown the evolution of toxicity classes and ecological status of water.

Erosion processes on the territory of small catchment — regularities of formation Analysis of the results four years of research of the snowmelt runoff formation and soil loss on the catchment area of the small river Lubozikha showed that surface runoff and soil washout has an influence not only on the intensity of erosion processes, but also on the chemical composition of river waters.

To the study of water mites (Acariformes) as part of a small river Devitsa Zooperiphiton (Voronezh region) An ecologo-faunistic information about 13 species from 6 families of water mites of zooperiphyton  river Devitsa (Limestone North Central Russian upland, Voronezh region), of which 10 are listed for the first time for the region. Identified dominant and rare species, preferences in of various substrates.

Effects of partial cutting on soil microbial complex in pinewoods of Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe region The analysis of a structural-functional condition of soil microbita has shown, that satisfactory soil forest-vegetation conditions the pinewoods density of 0,6—0,7 which have been passed by the first cutting. Intensity of felling a forest stand, the season of lumbering and a way of brush disposal the promote redistribution in structure of eco-trophic groups of microorganisms and formation of an optimum level of enzymes activity in soil.

The role of agrochemistry in the conditions of modern agriculture in Russia An analysis of current problems and the negative consequences of underestimating major laws of agriculture in the Russia were carried out. Have considered the ecological function of agrochemistry in agroecosystems and the conditions which necessary for the successful development and modernization of  agriculture of the country.

The soil and microbiological characteristics of virgin and deposit gray forest soils of Priangarye, are formed in conditions of hillocky relief One of the factors that determine the characteristics of soil formation and soil microbial processes in the Priangarye is hillocky relief. It promotes differentiation of soil-forming processes in the soil profile and a sharp difference of their morphology and properties. When plowing of soil is a significant change in the properties of soils [12] and microbiological parameters [13], which for a long time is saved when translated into deposit mode.

Introduction of trees and shrubs in the Nikita Botanical Gardens and their naturalization on the Crimean peninsula The check-list of trees and shrubs presented in collection of the Nikita Botanical Gardens capable for self-reproduction or run wild on the territory of Crimean peninsula have been provided. Invasive activity of species have been given according to the categories used in the database on naturalized species in European botanical gardens.

Agroecological efficiency of use of rice meliorative cultivated lands on the basis of the evaluation of agricultural resource territory potential The approbation of methodological approaches according to the agroecological evaluation of lands of rice irrigation system has been conducted. Based on the analysis of statistic and predicted data on yield capacity of rice crop rotation it has been proved that it can be eligible for developing farming system in rice cultivation. The correspondence between actual and calculated according to the degree method of agroecological land quality has been discovered.

Some peculiarities of reproductive system of the campanula sibirica l. (campanulaceae) The results of biology study Campanula sibirica L. at the conditions of his nature growth at the mountain Crimea have been presented. Peculiarities of the male and female reproductive structures development (availability of the placentoid and the fibrous thickening in the walls of the connective cells in microsporangium, development postamento-podium and hypostases in ovule etc.) have been shown. The of flowering and pollination processes have been described in details; the phenomenon of the invagination, the male phase in the flower  bud, structure of seeds, and also the mechanism of dissemination have been illustrated.  The conclusion about the formation many quantity of seeds and possibility their dissemination at greatly distance has been determinated of the original peculiarities of flowering, pollination and also the structure fruits and the  dissemination of this species  has been made.

Lunaria rediviva L. (Cruciferae) from Mordovian State Nature Reserve in Conditions in vivo and in vitro Perennial honesty is the tertiary relict of European deciduous forests. In the Republic of Mordovia it known from the Mordovian State Nature Reserve and the National Park «Smolny» and it is included in the regional Red Data Book. Population of Lunaria rediviva L. from the Mordovian State Nature Reserve was studied. The composition of the accompanying flora is revealed and it is analyzed on the environment factors. Comparison of the ratio of age groups and generative elements of individuals in the population for 2011—2012 was carried out. The attempt to reduce the stratification period of Lunaria rediviva seed in its germination in culture in vitro by exposure to sterilants was made.

Teptiaries: population and genetic characteristic Population and genetic characteristics of Tatars-teptyaries, for populations of the rank «Village Council» and «area», living in Menzelinsky, Muslyumovsky and Aktanyshsky regions of the Republic of Tatarstan are analysed in this work. Constantly decreasing extended mode of reproduction and the lowest level of metisation amongst  rural people is found. The scheme of a family landscape is analysed. Values of a random and local inbriding for the Village Councils of three areas are given.

The kind of adventitious flora in the Kaliningrad city 201 kind considered adventives plant growing in the Kaliningrad city. The analysis of adventives species.

The functional groups diversity of xerophytic common oak forest in natural monument «nizhne-bannovskij» saratov region The article is devoted to the analyses of functional groups of xerophytic common oak forest in natural monument «Nizhne-Bannovskij». A standard distributions of plants species (geometric rows and MacArthur), corresponding to the experimental one, and their comparison with the help of normalized Shannon index were applied. Different groups of stability were established and its ecological structure was performed. Comparison of parameters of ecological structure of xerophytic common oak forest with those forest, steppe communities and ecotones are performed.

The ecological and biological features of Atraphaxis frutescens cenopopulations in left Volga bank of Saratov region The article is devoted to the cenopopulation structure of Atraphaxis frutescens in the south left Volga bank of Saratov region. The patterns of community with this rare species are performed.

Morphogenesis and regeneration of inflorescence axis in culture Iris ensata Thunb. The results of anatomical-morphological regeneration-investigation in explants of inflorescence axis of some cultivars I. ensata Thunb. are presented there. Morphogenesis peculiarities and regenerative activity of the given type of explants are found out. It’s noted, that morphogenesis is carried out similar to gemmagenesis, passing by the stage of callus formation. Shoots, formed de novo, were of endogenous origin.

A comparative analysis of caesium-137 and potassium-40 accumulation in grassy vegetation of the radioactive contaminated territory of Tula region Comparative analysis of 137Cs and 40K accumulation in agrophitocaenosis of field crop rotation (wheat, barley, potatoes) and natural meadows of Plavsk radioactive spot (Tula region) showed that the values of the specific activity of radionuclides are 40–740 Bq/kg and 205–385 Bq/kg respectively. 137Cs accumulates mostly in the roots, and 40K is evenly distributed in plant organs with a somewhat larger fraction of accumulation in aboveground phytomass.

Clinical and immunological peculiarities of whooping cough at children of early age in modern stage The article show clinical and immunological peculiarities of whooping cough at children of early age. Clinical manifestation of modern whooping cough characterized by light symptoms of intoxication, paroxysmal cough, more often at night and finished discharge of viscous sputum or vomiting, sometimes with reprizes; at percussion — box sound, at auscultation — rigid breathing with dry rales. In peripheral blood — leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, accelerated ESR. Increased level of cytokines, decreased level of subpopulations of CD3+ and CD4+ lymphocytes against a background of physiological level of CD8+ and CD19+, decreased level of factors of local immunity.

Peat ecosystems in the strategy of sustainable development of the biosphere In the light of v. I. Vernadsky year, in the paper the ecological condition of the biosphere, emission dioxide of carbon and methane is estimated by Siberia bogs is considered. On the basis of a database of greenhouse gases emissions is carried out scheme of zoning of the territory of Western Siberia on emission greenhouse gas.

Development of the software product for realization of Lake Onega ecosystem model Mathematical modeling plays large role when studying water ecosystems. The software product is developed and the new algorithm of realization ecosystem model is offered. The developed software product allows to receive results of calculations for Lake Onega ecosystem.

Study of the urban soils’ ecotoxicity using biotesting methods The toxicity of urban soils’ upper horizons in St. Petersburg using traditional and new methods of biological diagnostics has been studied for 4 years. Hydrobionts, higher plants and microorganisms were used as testing cultures. Sensitivity range of tested organisms towards anthropogenic impact was composed. The seasonal character of ecotoxicity dynamics for the most kinds of soils was determined. It was also detected that natural processes effect urban soils’ toxicity.

Evaluating the effectiveness of the process aerosol pesticide use software and information center The results of the use of software and information center for the evaluation of environmental parameters of aerosol spraying of pesticides.

Differentiation of ground invertebrate communities in urban environment (Kaluga, Russia) We have collected arthropods with pitfall traps and identified them to order or to family. Classification of arthropod communities reflects habitat properties, if we survey herpetobionts sensu lato (as biocenotic layer). And there is no satisfactory classification, if we consider herpetobionts sensu stricto (as life form). Differentiation of arthropod communities in urban area is influenced mainly with density of canopy.

Phylogeography of house mice Mus musculus in Russia and adjacent territories and role of invasions Using a phylogeographical approach based on the reconstruction of mitochondrial DNA, we attempt to determine the expansion and genetic diversity of different subspecies of M.musculus in Russia and adjacent territories. The study of genetic distances demonstrated existence of two phylogenetic lineages of Mus musculus distribuited in Russia and adjacent territories. The first lineage includes the house mice of Transcaucasian hybrid zone and populations of M.m.musculus subspecies from Moscow region, the second ones include populations of subspecies M.m.musculus and M.m.wagneri from the south of West Siberia and the south of Volga river region.

Characterization of cell growth and accumulation of phenolic compounds in suspension culture of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. The paper presents a characteristic of cell growth activity and synthesis of phenolic compounds in suspension culture of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. during its cultivation. It was shown that the suspension culture is characterized by the typical S-shaped type growth and high viability. Predominant types of fractions are single cells and small aggregates. The suspension culture accumulates phenolic compounds, mainly phenolic acids, throughout the growth cycle.

Species structure of the rare and endangered plants collection of the Rostov province in the Botanical garden of the Southern federal university Botanical garden of the Southern Federal University (SFU) is a centre of plant’s biodiversity conservation by methods ex situ and in situ. Represented in arti annotated list of the Rostov area Red book plants collection, which is kept in SFU Botanical garden, includes 55 species of the flowering plants.

Response of plants to rising of atmospheric carbon dioxide The published data on response of plants to rising of atmospheric carbon dioxide are reported.

Studies efficacy and safety of nootropic medicines in combination therapy with antidepressants in patients with organic depression to enhance compliance The organic nonpsychotic depressive disorders are spread and difficult to treat. The organic depressive symptomatology is formed on the background of neurometabolic disturbances in the central nervous system. Proposed for increase the compliance, the stabilization of cognitive functions, the reduction of symptoms of depression in combination with antidepressant to use nootropic medications.

The use of remote sensing data in glaciological studies in the North Caucasus The subject of the research is to find out the possibility of using remote sensing data in the glaciological studies on the territory of the North Caucasus. The technique of remote sensing is applied in the work, enabling to construct ice maps from the satellite data in the visible infrared range in real time mode.

Influence of hyperbaric oxygenation on intensity of free radical process in organism of patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis in cycle «wakefulness-sleep» In our research we investigated the adaptation free radical mechanism at patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis in cycle «wakefulness-sleep» under the  influence of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The maintenance of products of lipid peroxydation, urea and uric acid increases in blood and saliva of patients after the operation, the first and second session of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The adaptation comes  after the third session of  therapy and after the sleep.

Studying Ontogeny and Ether Oil of N. Velutina Pojark. in Apsheron (Azerbaijan) Mamedova Z. A. In the first year of vegetation of N.velutina Pojark. from section Schizocalyx complete all the stages of ontogeny. Pregeneration of ontogeny is long-term. At the end of the senile state aboveground part of the plant dies off and go into the rest of the month of December. The ether oil has a varied composition: during the growing season dominated lactones, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes. Thus, we have shown in the chemical composition of ether oils from representatives of sections Schizocalyx kind of Nepeta L. Further detailed study of the chemical composition of the ether oils of various types of sections of the genus Nepeta L. can have hemotaksonamic value.

Vocal Variability and Dialectal Forms of Chaffinch Song (Fringilla Coelebs L.) in the Populations of the Central Part of European Russia Astakhova O. A. Questions of evolutionary development of vocalizations (songs, calls) in time and space of many species of birds already for a long time are mentioned in bioacoustics. Connection of geographical variability and structural features of vocalizations was one of the first preconditions of evolutionary hypotheses. Development of song cultures at species of birds with the big repertoires, having social training traditions, remains till now in many respects not clear. In article some features of formation of new song types of chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs L.) and their territorial distribution are considered.

Orchids Rare of Tempertate Zone and Modern Methods of Their Effective Preservation in Artificial Conditions Sheyko E. A. Along with the traditional techniques of plant preservation ex situ biotechnological methods used for these purposes are becoming more and more important. These work investigations dealt with the development and improvement of the methods of isolated rare and disappearing orchid tissue culture in order to apply them in the system of plant resources preservation and procreation. As a result there were obtained callus cultures of generative organs of Himantoglossum caprinum (Bieb.) C. Koch и Ophrys oestrifera M. Bieb. For the first time there was found the interrelation between the callusоgenesis from explants of orchid vegetative and generative organs and ratio of the phytohormonal complex components at the specific stages of the ontogenesis that must be taken into account during the development of methods of these species microclonal reproduction.

The Wood and Ohotpromyslovoe Use of the Baikal Natural Territory: the Aspect Connection of Logging to Hunting Tradeo Leontiev D. F. The interpretation of natural systems as objects of the corresponding of economy impact has executed. The condition of impact on the natural complexes has reflected. The forecast of their changes has given. The impact of logging on volumes of booty of hunting products has shown.

Diurnal Rhythm of Caloric Equivalent of the Body Mass Loss in the Coal Tit (Parus ater, Aves) in the Autumn-Winter Period Gavrilov V. V. Caloric equivalent of the body mass loss in the Coal Tit (Parus ater, Aves) in the autumn-winter period had a well pronounced diurnal rhythm with minimal values in the morning and maximum at night. The differences between minimum and maximum values of caloric equivalent of the body mass loss was 240%. Diurnal rhythm of caloric equivalent of the body mass loss had differences from the rhythms of other energetic characteristics and equal to the rhythm of the locomotor activity of Coal Tits.

The Morphometric Characteristic of the Wood Plants Growing in the Conditions of Impact of Vehicle Emissions Kolmogorova E. Y. It is established, that the pollution of crossroads by emissions of motor transport causes the deterioration of the morphometric characteristics of the studied plants. A more significant decrease in studied indicators was observed in plants growing near intersections, characterized by a high rate of the complex indicator. It is proved, that one of the reasons of reduction of morphometric characteristics of the studied plants and deterioration of their living conditions is the quantitative and qualitative composition of pollutant emissions from the road traffic.

The Assesment of the Cytokine Profile and the Enzymatic Activity of Gingival Crevicular Fluid at the Residents of Volgograd With Intact Perio-Dontium and in Patients With Mild Periodontitis Patrusheva M. S., Mikhalchenko v. F., Yakovlev A. T. The inclusion of biochemical and immunological analysis of gingival crevicular fluid in the complex examination of patients with periodontitis allows to increase the efficiency of the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. It is shown, that already in the early stages, periodontal disease are accompanied by considerable disorders of metabolism and local immune response, preceding clinical implications.

Intercommunication of Disbakteriosis and Allergic Diseases Parakhonsky A. P. The modern state of amicrobiocenosis intestines problem from the point of evidence — based medicine and interrelation of dysbacteriosis and allergic diseases is characterized. The important role of physiological micro flora and immune system interaction is shown. The attempt to estimate the influence of dysbacteriosis and intestine parasites on allergic diseases is made; mechanisms of modulation with the help probiotics on an allergic inflammation are described.

The Influence of Industrial Pollution on the Photosynthesis Of Some Trees Rakhimov T. U. In the article the pollution being emitted to the atmosphere by the industrial plants, which recycle gas and its affect to the photosynthesis indicator of fruitful and fruitless trees have been studied. According to the obtained information, in the level of activeness of fruitful trees they are as follows: quince> apple> almond, among planted trees they are located in the following location: mulberry> pine tree> willow> poplar> maple tree.

Effect of Mesorelif on Water and Physical Properties of Gray Forest Soils of Birch-Aspen Forest Reihert E. V., Ni E. U. The article examines the impact of meso-relief on the physical and water-physical properties of gray forest soils in birch-aspen forest on the slopes of the example of the northern and southern exposure. During the studies it was found that depending on the element of relief structural changes of the aggregate, the field moisture content, density and temperature of gray forest soils.

Some Features of the Effect of Ultrasound on Microorganisms Antusheva T. I. The article presents a review of current scientific and methodical literature characterizing the effects of ultrasound on biological objects. The mechanisms and some of the features of the influence of physical factors on microorganisms are described. The different biological effects occurring in bacteria under the influence of ultrasonic fields of different intensity and frequency are considered. The examples and prospects of practical application of ultrasonic technology in microbiology are given.

Astragalus Ponticus Pall. — Rare View of the Flora in Eastern Europe: Chorology Features and Ecologo-Cenotic Confinement Kucherevsky V. V., Baranets N. A., Sirenko T. V., Shol G. N., Demina O. N., Rogal L. L. The paper provides information on the results of the chorologic research A. ponticus in Eastern Europe: Moldova, Pridnestrovie, Russia, Ukraine. It is pointed out of characteristics of distribution of the species as a whole and in individual regions. Shown ecologo-cenotic confinement in different parts of the area.

Bioecological Features of Some Species Genus of Rhamnus L. in Arboretum NAS of Azerbaijan Abbasova Z. G. In the article is given data with seed propagate, features development and rhythm growth of species Rhamnus alaternus and Rh. dahurica. It was noted time flowering of one flower, inflorescence of the plants. In conditions of Apsheron these plant well growth and fructify. These species hot-forst resistance. Their may be use in landscape design, single, groups, fence and greenery.

Genetics of Type I Diabetes Ryzhkov P. A., Ryzhkova N. S., Konovalova R. V. Analysis of literary data on modern researches in the field of genetic predisposition to diabetes in article is presented. The data that obtained for the last years attempt was generalized and spent to the uniform hypothesis considering genetic, immunologic and external factors that influence to development of a type 1 diabetes.

150-th Anniversary Dokuchaev’s Pupils — Vernadsky V. I. and Williams V. R. From the Mind to the Sphere of Reason Trofimov I. A., Trofimova L. S., Yakovleva E. P. Eminent Russian scientists v. V. Dokuchaev, v. I. Vernadsky and v. R. Williams dedicated his life to solving important problems of a systemic approach to the study and reasonable, respect for the Earth. Their names associated major breakthrough in biology, geography, ecology, environmental management, agricultural research and development in practice of their results. Shows the crisis of agricultural lands of the planet, Russia, Central Chernozem region and the ways of environmental management in agriculture.

Petrol Products in Soil. Terminology and Definition of the Problem Okolelova A. A., Bezuglova O. S., Kasterina N. G. The term «oil products» can be defined both in technical and analytical ways. From a technical point of view, oil products (OP) are raw oils after the initial processing at the excavation facilities. Methods and definitions of water diagnostic limit the term «oil products» to soluble hydrocarbons. We propose to replace the term «organic carbon of oil toxicants» with «organic carbon of antropogenic origin». We furthermore suggest considering oil compounds as «organic pollutants» or xenobiotics. In the research it is suggested to calculate the oil content of the soils by the quantity of anthropogenic carbon. Additionally, the oil products accumulation factor (Kn) is suggested to use for an impartial assessment of the oil content in soils including the quality of their compounds.

The Influence of the Spatial Variability on the Goal-Directed Behavior Organization Serkova V. V., Nikolskaya K. A. The influence of the spatial variability on the goal-directed behavior organization in adult mice line F1 from DBA/2J and C57BL/6J was studied. It has been found that sudden change of initial structure of the maze during the moment of imprinting of spatial information has negatively affected on possibility to form the adaptive behavior in accordance with the offered task conditions. It is assumed that the constancy of the initial spatial information can be an system factor which together with the other will ensure the success of the cognitive process.

Spatio-Temporal Variability of Phytoplankton State of the Seversky Donets River Reshetnyak O. S. It was considered the variability of quantitative and qualitative indicators of phytoplankton communities in different parts of Seversky Donets. It is shown that the characteristic feature of the development of phytoplankton in period 2002–2011 is high variability of quantitative indicators, suggesting an unstable state community. In the composition of phytoplankton was recorded from 12 to 39 species, the dominant complex were compiled diatoms and green algae. Aquatic ecosystems are able to anthropogenic ecological stress by level of phytoplankton development.

Vernadsky Anniversary Bezuglova O. S. Vladimir Ivanonich Vernadsky has a 150-years anniversary in March, 2013. He was a remarkable thinker, natural scientist, and academician of Imperial Saint-Petersburg Academy of Science. Vernadsky’s anniversary has been included in the international calendar of memorable dates of 2013 by UNESCO. The editorial staff of the «Alive and Bio-Inert Systems» is proud to dedicate the March issue of the magazine to the researches based on the Vernadsy’ work.

Half-Forgotten but Very Important Work by V. I. Vernadsky in Soil Science and the Doctrine About Biosphere Dobrovolsky G. V. The author researches Vernadsky’s work «Living Matter In the Soil Creation», where he emphasizes the importance of this work for the theory of soil science. Vernadsky’s work has not lost its relevance in our time despite of being virtually unknown for a long time.

About the Relative Amount of the Living Matter in the Various Stages of the Evolution of the Biosphere Zakrutkin V. E. The article has shown that early periods of the Biosphere’s evolution had been the most productive in the development of all parameters in the life of the autotrophic organisms. Later on, the CO2 content — the fundamental agent of the photosynthesis — has permanently declined, the climatic conditions (the thermal regime and humidity) have grown worse, the mineral nutrition has decreases. In general, all this has become the reason of cumulative photosynthesis, the productivity of the Biosphere and the total mass of living organisms. The real substantiation of the presented hypothesis has become the results in the estimation of the rate of the organic matter accumulation at the various stages of the geological history.

Russian Zhiznechuvstvie as Sotsiogeografichesky Phenomenon Miklyaeva N. V. The article summarizes the results of interdisciplinary research in the field of social ecology. The author describes life as a phenomenon that unites the biosphere and the noosphere through zhiznechuvstvie (attitude). Zhiznechuvstvie shows how humanity can make the transition from the heterotrophic community in the autotrophic community.

V. I. Vernadsky and Biosphere in the Context of Ecological Formation in the Higher Educational Institutions Rukin M. D., Ivanov O. P. A historical certificate is Given about terminology. Development of human relations is rotined with an environment. The problem of ecology is selected. Discussion of this problem.

New Invasive Hymenoptera in the Rostov Region Artohin K. S., Ignatova P. K., Kolesnikov S. I., Reshetov A. A. The article provides information about finding of invasive organisms from different groups of insects on the territory of Rostov region. Their damage and distribution in Rostov region are observed. The propositions made for further study and monitoring of invasive species.

Ordination of Don Basin Psammophytic Vegetation Dmitriev P. A., Demina O. N. Unique to Russian Black Sea community psammophytic vegetation is situated in Rostov region. The paper provides information on the results of ordination analysis of Don basin psammophytic vegetation on sand massives. They are Reserves biodiversity.

Mercury Distribution in Bottom Sediments of the White Sea Fedorov Y. A., Ovsepyan A. E., Savitskiy V. A. The content of mercury in columns of the White Sea bottom sediments is in details studied for the first time. Common regularities of vertical distribution of mercury are revealed. Background concentration of total mercury, typical for bottom sediments of the White Sea and water objects of the basin of the White Sea are defined.

Simulation of Coorrelation the Elements of a Polydisperse Soil System Based on a Reference Standart Kryshchenko V. S., Rybianets T. V., Zamulina I. V., Biriukova O. A., Kravtsova N. E. The paper proves existence of a general principle of correlation and interdependence between the humus content in physical clay, humus content in soil and the dynamic balance constants of a polydisperse soil system that can be described as a mathematical model.

Outstanding Scientist and Patriot. On the 150th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Vernadsky Sizova M. G. Presents some of the key moments of scientific creativity scientist-encyclopedist V. I. Vernadsky. Considered the position of the scientist of the biosphere as a particular shell of the Earth and the noosphere as a natural stage in the evolution of the biosphere.

Soil Invertebrates as Bioindicators of Technological Impact on the Ecosystem of ArkhangelskKonovalova O. N., Popova L. F., Filippov B. Y.Intensive production activities of humans are accompanied by contamination of environment components. Concentration of heavy metals in carabid beetles correlates with their concentration in soil and plants and can be used for bioindication of the anthropogenic impact on the ecosystems of the city’s industrial areas.

Eng. Marine mammals of the Russian part of the Black Sea: conservation status and observations on them in the trawl fisheries for pelagic fish speciesBarabashin Timofey O. 1,2, lyganovskaya  Vlada D.21Azov-Black Sea branch of the VNIRO (“AzNIIRKH”), Rostov-on-Don, Russia2Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, RussiaDOI:10.18522/2308-9709-2022-42-5AbstractMarine mammals are an important component of the Black Sea ecosystem. After a period of their fishing, the number of this group of animals has significantly decreased and now the populations of cetaceans are under pressure from various negative factors. An analysis of international conventions for the protection of marine mammals, Red Data Books of various ranks and rarity categories of all species of dolphins and harbor porpoises (azovka) is given. Observations of marine mammals in the pelagic fishery - sprat and anchovy were carried out from fishing vessels by observers of the Azovo-Chernomorsky branch of the FGBNU "VNIRO" along the coast of Crimea and the Caucasus in 2021-22. An analysis of the general seasonal dynamics of the occurrence of cetaceans, the occurrence of hamsya and sprat on the fishing grounds is given, as well as comparative estimates of marine mammals by year are given. The features of the geographical distribution of certain species, the frequency of encounters during trawling are also given. According to studies, the frequency of occurrence in the fishery in the winter-spring period generally reflects the general estimates of the number of marine mammals: the common dolphin predominates, slightly lower than the value of all the main indicators for Azovka, and the bottlenose dolphin is the rarest species. During the summer season 2021 indicates the predominance of bottlenose dolphins due to the discovery of a large concentration of these dolphins in the region of Sudak and Alushta. On the whole, there is a decrease in the occurrence of marine mammals in the sprat fishery in summer, compared with the winter-spring season of anchovy. There was also a decrease in the occurrence of white flanks and azovok in 2022. compared to 2021, which could be the result of an epizootic.