03.02.04 Зоология

Monitoring of adventive grassy flora of the Botanical garden of Southern Federal University Shmarayeva Antonina Nikolayevna, Shishlova Zhanna Nikolayevna, Kuzmenko Inna Petrovna Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; anshmaraeva@sfedu.ru Abstract: The annotated list and results of the comprehensive analysis of grassy fraction of adventive flora of the Botanical garden of Southern Federal University (BS) is provided in article. In a short summary for each species are specified: the Latin and Russian names, a vital form, ecotype, frequency of occurrence and location in BS borders. Adventive grassy flora contains 66 species of seed plants from 25 families and 55 genuses, that makes 9.1 % of general structure of wild-growing flora of BS and 25.0 % of structure of sinanthropic flora of BS. The most part (59.7 %) of all families of sinanthropic flora of BS contain adventive species, including 17 families presented only by adventive plants. The most numerous families by taxons number in adventive grassy flora of BS are: Asteraceae (18 species), Brassicaceae (7 species), Poaceae (6 species), Oxalidaceae (4 species). The majority of genuses (85.5 %) in adventive grassy flora contain by one species, 9.1 % of genuses – 2 species, 5.4 % of genuses – 3 species (Amaranthus, Ambrosia, Xanthoxalis). In adventivne grassy flora of BS by a drift time the euneophytes (54.5 %) prevail, to neophyte group belong 33.3 %, and archaeophyte group belong 12.2 %. On extent of naturalization as a part of grassy fraction of adventive flora of BS epecophyte (53.0 %) quantitatively prevail, kolonophyte make 24.2 %, ephemerophyte – 15.2 %, and the smallest group – argiophyte (7.6 %). On the nature of primary area in adventive flora of BS the North American species (42.4 %) prevail.

Features of the geographical structure of the Krivoy Rog urban flora (Ukraine) Abstract: To identify the specificity of the formation of any flora and its relationship with other floras is possible using the geographic analysis. The aim of the work was to analyze the geographical structure of the spontaneous flora of Krivoy Rog city and to reveal the characteristics of its forming under the influence of urbanization. The object of research was all the species of higher plants, which spontaneously settled in the administrative borders of the city and its green zone. The geographical structure of the flora was understood as the inherent spectrum of geographic elements (arealogical groups). The analysis of the ranges of the species of the native fraction of Krivoy Rog urban flora was carried out on a zonal-regional basis, while the group of alien species was analyzed using the primary ranges of the species. Тhe geographic analysis reveals the autochthonous and allochthonous nature of the Krivoy Rog urban flora, its geographic connections at the level of high-ranking chorions: Holarctic, Palaearctic, Eurasian, Mediterranean.  In general, all the species belong to 7 basic and 2 transitional types and 25 geographic elements; alien species form the separate group. Identity and individuality of the city flora are determined by the species of the Black Sea type of the ranges, there are 147 ones (13,5%). A significant percentage of the alien species (30,66%) refers to the peculiarities of the modern florogenesis in urbanized territories; among these species an important role belong to representatives of the North American type of migratory elements (over 20% of the total number of alien species).  

Seventy years' experience of creation of the state protective forest strips in a steppe zone of Russia In a steppe zone of the European territory of Russia artificially created 8 state protective forest strips (SPFS) are located. Research objective: on the basis of analytical materials to carry out the assessment of a condition of SPFS of a steppe zone of the European part of Russia, to reveal their recreational potential. Materials and methods of a research: general information, creation history, ways and technologies of creation of SPFS, lesovodstvenny actions in them were studied and analyzed according to references and share materials. Information on existence and condition of SPFS in regions of a steppe zone of the European part of Russia was established according to the state forest register. For certain regions the recreational appeal of SPFS paid off.  In article the history of creation of these strips, since adoption of "The Stalin plan of transformation of the nature" from 20 оctober 1948 g is considered.  On this project in 15 years (1949-1965) it was planned to create 117.9 thousand hectares of SPFS, but actually works were finished in 1972. 4 water separate and 4 prirechnykh state protective forest strips were created.  Now the total area of SPFS in a steppe zone of the Russian Federation is 85.7 thousand hectares. At the same time more than 13% of their area are presented by not forest lands, and covered with forest vegetation are about 80%.  From tree species as a part of SPFS the Quércus róbur prevails, the second place is taken by an Fráxinus excélsior  and F. lanceolate, the third Ulmus pumila. It is established that more than a half of the spaces are occupied by middle-aged plantings, 16.6% – coming, 8.9% – ripe and perestoyny. The state protective forest strips have the recreational potential which increases in process of increase in a share of SPFS as a part of forest fund of the territory; and in process of decrease in the general woodiness of the territory.  The SPFS recreational value increases at increase in their availability (first of all transport) in comparison with other territory of forest fund.

Molecular-genetic and physiological features of chlorophyll-deficient sunflower mutants with extra-nuclear inheritance type Makarenko Maksim Stanislavovich, Kovalevich Aleksey Aleksandrovich, Shamova Tat'yana Vladimirovna, Kazancev Mikhail Yur'evich, Usatov Aleksandr Vyacheslavovich Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract: Chlorophyll-deficient mutants are the appropriative models for providing investigations both of photosynthetic apparatus and nuclear-cytoplasmic relationships. In the current research, the genetic and physiological analysis of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) mutant lines (en:chlorina-1, en:chlorina-6, en:chlorina-7) was conducted. All the analyzed mutant lines have a yellow-green phenotype with an extra-nuclear type of mutation inheritance and have been obtained on the genetic basis of single inbred line 3629 by N-nitrosomethylurea induced mutagenesis. Matching the data of photochemical activity with chloroplast DNA genotyping data revealed that en:chlorina-1 mutant phenotype is associated with a non-synonymous mutation in the psaB (Thr586Ile) gene, en:chlorina-6 – in the psaB (Gly385Glu), and en: chlorina -7 – in psaA (Thr528Ile) and psbB (His157Tyr) genes.

The effectiveness of a new range of insecticides on maize against Heliсoverpa armigera (Hb) Zinchenko Vladimir E., Grinko ArtemV., Polienko Elena A. Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center, grinko82@mail.ru Abstract: The article presents the results of three-year research on the use of modern insecticides against the main pest of maize in the Rostov region - Heliсoverpa armigera Hb. Studies have been conducted to study the biological effectiveness of the following chemicals Karate Zeon, MCS, Koragen, SC and Ampligo, MCS. The biological efficacy of insecticides Koragen, SC and Ampligo, MCS on day 14 after application was 86,5 and 91,7 %, respectively. On the variant with the use of insecticide Karate Zeon, MCS, the death of the pest did not exceed 45,8 %. Calculation of economic efficiency revealed a significant advantage of the preparation Ampligo, MCS. The income from this variant of experience amounted to 4841 rubles / ha with a profitability of 178,9 %. On variants Koragen, SC and Karate Zeon, MCS, this indicator was 1743,1 and 1177,9 rubles / ha, respectively.

Ecological-modifying effect of soil contamination with heavy metals on the contact interaction of human leukocytes Evstropov Vladimir M. Don state technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia Abstract: It is known that by assessing the intensity of the contact interaction of lymphocytes with granulocytes, we can detect the processes of preclinical carcinogenesis. Heavy metals have carcinogenic properties, and the interaction of lymphocytes with granulocytes, which characterizes the level of transforming cells, is reduced in people permanently residing in the city, compared to people in rural areas [6], apparently under the influence of increased of anthropogenic environmental pollutions. At the same time, the contact interaction of lymphocytes with granulocytes can be considered as a cytological phenomenon, which characterizes the functional state of leukocytes, in particular their locomotor and adhesive potencies. Based on the characteristics of various functional zones of the city of Rostov-on-Don, established on the basis of the determination of the total indicator of soil contamination with heavy metals (zinc, arsenic, copper, lead and nickel), we carried out a comparative analysis of the activity of contact interaction of leukocytes of various types (lymphocytes and granulocytes) among the residents of two functional zones of the city, who differ in the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals: with moderately dangerous and acceptable levels of contamination. The results of the study showed that the residents of the functional zone of the city with a moderately dangerous level of soil contamination with heavy metals, the intensity of the interaction of the studied leukocytes was lower than that of those living in the territory with an acceptable level of pollution. We assume that the revealed decrease in the intensity of contact interaction of leukocytes in people long-term living in areas whose soil is moderately polluted with heavy metals is caused by chromosomal abnormalities and transformation of leukocytes, in particular lymphocytes.

Biotechnologies of oil-polluted soil cleaning of the apsheron peninsula and integral indicator of their biological condition Nadjafova Samira I., Gasanova Zulfiya P., Ismaylov Nariman M. Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan; nadjafovas@yahoo.com Abstract: Studies of technologically disturbed soils of the Absheron Peninsula were carried out through the integral indicator of the soil biological state (IPBS) in accordance with the scores of the most important informative properties of their biological state: enzymatic activity, hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganism numbers, seed ratio of total hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms to the total number, phytotoxicity, allowing to evaluate the potential of self-cleaning ability of landscapes and choose the way of their rehabilitation. Processing the results of the experiments showed that there is a negative relationship between the indicators of the degree of anthropogenic load with soil biogenicity: r = -0.75 ± 0.04. The system analysis of biological indicators and IPBS calculated on their basis of technologically disturbed soils of the Absheron Peninsula in the NGDU territories allowed them to be ranked according to the degree of resistance to anthropogenic pressure and ability to self-purification: Karadag district> Sabunchu and Khazar districts> Surakhani and Binagadi districts> Sabail district As a method of biological remediation, a biological preparation was used based on excess activated sludge from the Gosaninsky aerator station. The results of laboratory model studies have shown that the introduction of a biological product has a positive effect on the biological properties of the soil at both the microbiological and enzymatic levels.

horny scutes of shell in postembryonal ontogenesis of tortoises Conducted long-term studies of the dynamics of the formation of structure terrain horny scutes of shell the Mediterranean tortoise (Testudo graeca) in post-embryonal ontogenesis. It was found that the intensity and variability of education forms the structural elements constituting the relief flaps shell depends on the duration and nature of the flow of active and inactive periods in the life of the tortoises.

Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Warder ex Engelm. и Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.in the space of vegetation indices CARI, CRI2 и CSI5 The article describes the experience of using data of a hyperspectral survey with a Cubert UHD 185 Firefly hyperspectral camera for two tree species of Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Warder ex Engelm. and Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. The camera captures the reflected electromagnetic radiation from objects in the range from the visible to the near-infrared range, recording data of 1000 × 1000 pixels in the form of one panchromatic and 125 hyperspectral images, 50 × 50 pixels in size. The camera can be installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and used for monitoring and inventory of green spaces. Remote sensing methods allows to quickly conduct research of large areas, including remote and difficult to access in a short time. The purpose of this work is to collect and analyze hyperspectral data for the development of technologies for inventorying green spaces using UAV-based hyperspectral complex. A total of 7511 spectral profiles of the two species studied were calculated using three vegetation indices: Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index, Carotenoid Reflectance Index and Carter Stress Index. The possibility to distinguish two species by the spectral characteristics of their leaves is shown by the example of Catalpa speciosa and Armeniaca vulgaris.

Agrochemical characteristics of mining-heap complexes with various substrata Agrochemical characteristics of mining-heap complexes with various substrata Dmitrakova Y.A., Abakumov E.V. Saint-Petersburg State University Russia, dmitrakovay.a@gmail.com Abstract: With the aim to evaluate of key agrochemical soil characteristics 8 mining-heap complexes were investigated on example of mines for exploitation building materials.  The study sites were located in Leningrad, Novgorod and Tula regions. Objects are presented by 3 limestones, 3 sandy-gravel, 1 phosphorite and 1 fireproof clays mines. All the quarries were presented by maximal diverse ecotopes, where soil pits were created and sampling were conducted.  Soil acidity, total organic carbon and available forms of phosphorous, potassium, ammonia and nitrates were determined in the lab. Data obtained showed that content of nutrients variates within the soil profile depth and this fact illustrate unhomogenety of substrata on heaps. All the ground characteristics are favorable for vegetation development. The only exception was fixed for soil on the pyrite containing ground with extremely acid reaction.  The nutrients content and pH values were strongly affected by relief and reclamation technology, at least it was more pronounced than type of parent material. Despite on popular opinion that substrate of mines are usually poor in terms of nutriens content, in our study their content was comparable or even higher that in natural soils.    

Air masses and pollution transport to some Northern regions of European Russia were studied with trajectory statistics. We used EMEP data on lead and cadmium emissions to the atmosphere from Europe in 2010-2014. This dataset is most suitable for current investigation aiming to separate the contributions to pollution of the Northern Russia environment from sources of European part of Russia (1) and from the rest European territories (2). In some years at some points contributions (2) may be sizable (up to 50% and more), but as a whole the North of European Russia is polluted by the own Russian anthropogenic sources. As calculated, spatial, seasonal, and interannual variations in environmental pollution may be as high as 10 times and more. Spatial variations are determined by different distances between investigation points and the main sources of pollutants. Seasonal variations in air concentrations depend on the difference in deposition velocities for different seasons. Interannual variations in pollution level in Northern regions are caused by diversity of atmospheric circulation pattern, and (in less degree) by emission differences from year to year.

The content of mortmass and biodynamics of arable soil under conditions of real agrotechnology in Siberia Eng. The content of mortmass and biodynamics of arable soil under conditions of real agrotechnology in Siberia Danilova A.A.Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630501 Novosibirsk oblast. Krasnoobsk, a/b 356Danilova7alb@yandex.ru Abstract:We reviewed the literature data and the results of our own research in order to show the dependence of the ecologically significant biological properties of the soil on the content of the mortmass. The transfer of virgin soil to arable land leads to the mineralization of mobile organic matter stocks. In the long-term arable soil, all properties, including biological ones, stabilize at a lower level in comparison to the virgin soil. The use of fertilizers for plant nutrition can increase the total soil organic carbon content by only 0.1-0.2%. But the increase of mortmass carbon content can be more significant. Consequently, we have the opportunity to influence the biodynamics of the soil by changing of plant residues amount in the soil. In conditions of 4 grain-crop rotations, the influence of 4 doses of stubble wheat residues (2,2; 6,5; 7,2; 9,5 t/ha in year) on soil properties was studied. In 10 years after the beginning of the observations, the amount of mortmass was accordingly equal to 400, 690, 880, 1040 mg С/kg. The indicators of the biological activity of the soil increased by about 30-50%The relationship between the biological activity indicators and the detoxification activity of the soil was not straightforward.The most optimal dose of plant residues from ecological and agrotechnological positions was a dose equal to 6,5 t / ha, which provided detoxification of pesticides within the current growing season. Thus, there is the posibility to optimize the ecotoxicological situation in the arable soil at the expense of the agrocenosis's own resources.

Diurnal changes of weight and fat reserves in the Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus, Aves) during winter period Eng. Diurnal changes of weight and fat reserves in the Eurasian blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus, Aves) during winter period Gavrilov Vadim V. S.N. Skadovsky Zvenigorod Biological Station, Biology department of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,119991 Moscow, Russia; vadimgavrilov@yandex.ru Research was carried out in 1999 - 2018 at Zvenigorod Biological Station (the Moscow Region, Russia, 55o44' N, 36o51' E). Birds were caught by mist-nets. All the birds were banded, fat reserves and weight were determined and then birds were released. In total 58 Eurasian blue tit were caught. The daily rhythm of body weight of Eurasian blue tits can be divided into two periods: from 8 to 13 hours and from 13 to 19 hours. The body weight in the second half of the day - from 13 to 19 hours - is significantly higher than at other times. At night, the body weight of birds decreases. Fat reserves of Eurasian blue tits are maximal at the end of the day, with the last evening hours practically unchanged. Between 16 and 19 hours fat reserves are higher than at other times. Fat reserves decrease throughout the night and continue to decrease in the morning, reaching a minimum at 12 hours, after which they increase.

New information on the genetic differentiation of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882. Eng.  New information on the genetic differentiation of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882. Maltsev A.N. ¹, Stakheev V.V. 2, Bogdanov A.S.3, Panasyuk N.V. 2, Kotenkova E.V. ¹ ¹Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia;aleks.maltcev@gmail.com ²Federal Research Centre The Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia ³Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Abstract: New results on phylogenetics and phylogeny of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus Petenyi, 1882 were obtained. The eastern boundary of this species is  traced in Russia through the territories of the Kursk, Belgorod and Rostov regions. The objectives of the study: assessment of genetic variability and analysis of phylogenetic relationships between the populations of the mound-building mice in the eastern part of the range, which was insufficiently studied in this respect. As a result of phylogenetic analysis, we found that there are two phylogroups of mound-building mice - eastern and western. The first includes individuals of M. spicilegus from the eastern part of the range (Moldova, Crimea, Rostov Region), the second one – animals from central and southern Europe (Austria, Montenegro, Serbia, Greece). Earlier, subspecies of mound-building mice in southern Europe was identified – M. s. adriaticus. On the phylogenetic tree in our work, this subspecies is allocated to a separate phylogroup. The first phylogroup is ancestral from the Balkan Peninsula, which has a higher genetic diversity, the second one located in the eastern part of the range, characterized by low genetic variability.

Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus and C.rutilus) reaction to house mouse odor in large enclosures Eng.  Bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus and C.rutilus) reaction to house mouse odor in large enclosures Osipova Olga V. 1, Kozhukhantseva Ekaterina A. 2, Kotenkova Elena V. 1 1A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2 Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russia Abstract: House mice have got hard odor which seems to protect their territory from the other rodent species. Peculiarities of bank and red voles’ reaction to house mouse odor put upon traps were studied. Visual observations of voles’ behavior near traps with and without mouse odor were conducted in large (120 sq. m) enclosures where voles lived in groups. Species, sex and social status was found to be significant for the type of the reaction. Voles of both species with high social ranks got into the traps with equal frequency and stayed there for equal time. Bank vole males with low social rank avoided traps with the odor. By contrast red vole females preferred to stay in these traps.         

To the knowledge of some species of the genus Paederidus Mulsant & Rey, 1878 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from the Western Palaearctic Eng. To the knowledge of some species of the genus Paederidus Mulsant & Rey, 1878 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from the Western Palaearctic   Khachikov Eduard A. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia. e_hachikov@mail.ru Abstract We studied the morphology of endofallus of species Paederidus ruficollis (Fabricius, 1777), P. sanguinicollis (Motchulsky, 1860), P. punctiventris Scheerpeltz, 1957, P. rubrothoracicus (Goeze, 1777) and related forms from the Caucasus, Europe, Turkey and Algeria in this paper. This allowed is making additions to the European fauna of the genus Paederidus Mulsant & Rey, 1878: selected the new subspecies P. ruficollis carpaticus subsp. n. from the Western Ukraine. And just to clarify the species composition of the same genus in the Northern Caucasus, is including three species: Paederidus caucasicus Scheerpeltz, 1957, nom. resurr. = P. sanguinicollis (Motschulsky, 1860), syn. n.; P. punctiventris and Paederidus sp. 1, and excluded from the fauna of this region species – Paederidus ruficollis and P. rubrothoracicus.  

Sheyko Elena A.1, Sytnikov Denis M.2 1 S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy  of Vernadsky CFU, Simferopol, Russian Federation; lenasheyko@mail.ru 2 Odessa I.I Mechnikov National University, Odessa, Ukraine   Abstract: Anatomy-morphological, symbiotic and allelopathic peculiarities of four representatives of the Orchidaceae Juss., the Crimea geophyte species: Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz s. l., Dactylorhiza iberica (M. Bieb. exWilld.) Soo?, Epipactis persica (Soó) Nannf. s. l., Ophrys mammosa Desf. subsp. taurica (Aggeenko) Soo? were studied. Biochemical, physiological, microscopic methods of research and methods of statistic alanalysis were used. As a result of the conducted researches, the features of the localization of the endomycotrophic component, the dynamics of symbiotic and allelopathic relations at various stages of ontogenesis, the influence of edaphic factors on the degree of mycotrophy were revealed. It was established that in the rhizomatous orchid species the degree of mycotrophy is lower than in the fleshy root species. The dynamics of symbiotic relationships varied according to ontogenesis phases. Occurrence of the mycorrhizal infection decreases from juvenile to a generative stage in the studied species. As the degree of mycotrophy increases, the number of ovules and seeds in the capsule increases. By the means of qualitative histochemical reactions it was established that the dynamics of allelopathic interactions is due to the accumulation of lignin, pectin and phenolic compounds in the tissues of the primary cortex of the orchids` rhizome. When studying the hormonal complex of fungi associated with orchids, the ability to excrete auxins and cytokinins into the external environment was revealed. It opens the possibility of microorganisms impact on overall hormonal balance of plants, stimulating additional rooting of orchids, as well as to influence the germination of their seeds. It was defined that the reproductive strategy of the investigated species of orchids is determined by the degree of interaction with the mycorhizal fungi, the peculiarities of the growing conditions and the nature of the studied species pollination.   

Materials on moulting of Dice snake (Natrix tessellata) (Serpentes, Colubridae, Natrix) in mainland and island populations of the western coast of Middle Caspian The article presents data on a molting of the Dice snake (Natrix tessellata) on the western coast of the Middle Caspian. The sex and the age differences in the frequency of moulting and the duration of the intervals separating of them have been revealed. A general increase in molting frequency in individuals of the island population were established. Approximately at 30% of the dice snakes of continental populations on the recreationally transformed areas of the territory were marked moult violations, which were expressed a fragmented of the pull off of the skin. There was a strong positive correlation between the length of the intervals between molts and the length of the body of snakes.  

Heavy metals in soils and road dust in the Stoilo-Lebedinsky mining complex. The content of heavy metals and metalloids were investigated in iron ore, soils and road dustin surrounding the Stoilo-Lebedinsky mining complex of Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, where a lot of mining, metallurgical and other enterprises are located. It was shown that this territory is subject to aerotechnogenic pollution by a large set of chemical elements, but because of their low background content in mined iron ore and natural variation of soil composition, it is difficult to identify the technogenic impact using gross analysis. The determination of chemical elements associated with iron in Tamm extract in combination with chemical composition of road dust, is the most informative way to detect anthropogenic impact on territory, influenced by ferrous metallurgy enterprises.