03.02.02. Вирусология. Подрубрика: вирусные заболевания человека (эпидемиология, диагностика, лечение, профилактика)

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus infection  infants This paper deals with epidemiological analysis of rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in the first year of life and the study of nosocomial spread of diseases among them in the hospital. Shown widespread rotavirus gastroenteritis among children first month of life, the possibility of a wide nosocomial rotavirus infection children. The results obtained allowed for more effective prevention and control measures in the foci of infection.

Alexandr Fedorovich Lebedev —  first soil scientist Rostov University The article describes the main stages of the life and work of an outstanding representative of Russian genetic soil science Alexandr Fedorovich Lebedev. The authors attempted to collect anecdotal information about the first soil scientist Rostov University, who worked within its walls long before the organization of the Department of soil science.

Ecological State of Dark Chestnut Soil in Agrogene-transformed Ecosystems of Orenburg Zauralye The dark chestnut soil in various farmland are investigated in Orenburg Zauralye. The comparison of soil with virgin analogues showed that the degree of agrogenic transformation and environmental degradation of these soils increases in the following series: virgin — hayfield — grazing areas — fallow land — arable land.

Identification of fish species of the family of whitefish, harvested on the North Yenisei With the implementation of raw fish in the settlements of the Yenisei North revealed falsification of fish whitefish family, which is expressed in a specific regrading. During the study, the analysis of the scheme regrading Arctic cisco, Siberian whitefish and muksun produced in the lower reaches of the river basin Yenisei. Proposed a rapid method of identification based on knowledge of the morphometric characters.

Features reovirus RNA isolation from clinical material S. A. Kolpakov, E. P. Kolpakova. Key objective of the given research is to find out reasons of failures during extraction of the RNK reoviruse from sick people clinical material. In due course it was discovered that transcriptase (RNA dependent RNA polymerase) very quickly transforms double-stranded RNA into a single-stranded RNA due to short time of activation after violation of reoviruse outside capsid integrity. This single-stranded RNA is invisible using standard way of electrophoresis registration. Addition of a transcriptase with polymerase function in ready-made samples or in clinical material from sick people before RNA extraction leads to transformation of a single-stranded RNA (if available) into a dsRNA identified after electrophoresis in the form of genome’s segments. The developed RNA visualisation method could assist in etiological diagnostics of reoviral infection and in studying of reovirus as a pathogen.

New group of human rotaviruses, the family Reoviridae S. A. Kolpakov, E. P. Kolpakova. Key objective of the given research is to find out reasons of failures during extraction of the RNK reoviruse from sick people clinical material. In due course it was discovered that transcriptase (RNA dependent RNA polymerase) very quickly transforms double-stranded RNA into a single-stranded RNA due to short time of activation after violation of reoviruse outside capsid integrity. This single-stranded RNA is invisible using standard way of electrophoresis registration. Addition of a transcriptase with polymerase function in ready-made samples or in clinical material from sick people before RNA extraction leads to transformation of a single-stranded RNA (if available) into a dsRNA identified after electrophoresis in the form of genome’s segments. The developed RNA visualisation method could assist in etiological diagnostics of reoviral infection and in studying of reovirus as a pathogen.

Microbiocenosis of cavity uteri in missed abortion Studied complex microbiological and morphological study of endometrial scrapings 244 women with missed abortion. In the study found the prevalence of mixed viral and bacterial infections. Frequent combination of viruses marked with mycoplasma, ureaplasma and chlamydia.

Viral safety of blood products Grehirchak Nataliya Nykolayvna, Lych Inna Valentynovna The article deals with issue of ensuring viral safety of blood products. We defined responsibility and rightness of using method of polymerase chain reaction during production of blood specimen, appraised the quality of products for their promotion. The definition of contamination materials (plasma and precipitations), intermediate metabolite was carried out by method of PRC on the content of nucleic acid parvovirus B19, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus in order to confirm the possibility of using abovementioned methods for quality assurance of blood components.

Problems and challenges of soil science application to developing information technologies in agricultural production of Rostov region Golozubov Oleg Modestovich, Kol’chik Anatolij Fyodorovich, Kryshhenko Vladimir Stefanovich, Litvinov Yurij Alekseevich The achievements, problems, and challenges of the modern stage of the development of the GIS for agromonitoring of agricultural lands in Rostov oblast. The structure of the information system of the GIS as an internet-based resource and its application for solving practical problems are described. For the first time in Russia, the GeoRSS standard based on the structured hypertext representation of the geographic and attribute information has been applied in the state system for the agromonitoring of agricultural lands in Rostov oblast and information exchange through the internet.

Resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs Pokudina Inna Olegovna, Shkurat Mihail Alekseevich, Battalov Dmitrij Valentinovich Abstract: The emergence of the phenomenon of resistance to therapeutic drugs in the pathogenic microorganisms, has a very negative effect on the health of humanity, because it leads to a sharp decrease in the efficiency of etiotropic therapy  of infectious diseases. Intense selective pressure of antibiotics leads to the rapid evolution and spread of new resistance mechanisms in health care settings and, above all, in the Intensive care unit. The article analyzes the literature data about the mechanisms of emergence and transmission of the resistance of pathogens to antimicrobial agents and acquired resistance associated with the production of beta-lactamases extended spectrum.

The search of probiotic culture of Bacillus subtilis on medicinal herbs’ biomass using the phages The culture of Bacillus subtilis witch can include probiotic strains was identified on the biomass of herbs (mint, camomile, milk thistle) using specific bacteriopfage. The authors suggest that medicinal herbs possess useful properties not only because of the biologically active substances, but also due to the content of enhancing therapeutic effect Bacillus subtilis in their decoction.

The study of microbial activity of multicomponent of eye drops for the treatment of conjunctivitis Microbiological activity of model mixtures of eye drops for the treatment of complex action conjunctivitis in cultures opportunistic pathogens St. epidermidis and Candida albicans oftalmomikozov been studied. The sterility of test solutions of eye drops has been studied. The zone destruction of microorganisms has been established.

Determination of the spectrum of lytic activity of bacteriophages by the electro-optical analysis of cell suspensions Changes in the electrooptical (EO) properties of cell suspensions of the Azospirillum brasilense strains Sp7, Cd, Sp107, Br14, KR77, S27, SR55, Sr75, Sp245, Jm6B2, S17, A. lipoferum strains Sp59b, Sr65, RG20am A. amazonense Am14, A. halopraeferans Au4, A. irakense strains KBC1 and KA3 d) in their contamination with the bacteriophage ΦAb-SR75 were studied depending on the infection. Control experiments were carried out to infect the cells with the bacteriophage, by making a standard inoculation of the dense nutrient media. The fact that the method for EO analysis of cell suspensions may be used to determine the spectrum of lytic activity of bacteriophages is first shown.

Strategy and tactics for control of viral diseases of plants for example potatoes The article offers a conceptual approach to the problem of control of viral diseases of plants. It is a selection of key strategic measures, taking into account biology of the host plant and features of viral infection. These include preventive measures related to seed production in virus-free basis, breeding for virus resistance and biotechnological methods of health promotion and propagation of virus-free material. These areas are mainly associated tactics of its receipt.

Broncho-Pulmonary Pathology as Leading Cause of Hospitalization and Death of HIV-Patients in Providing Urgent Medical Care at Multifield Medical Prophylactic Institution The causes of hospitalization and mortality of  HIV-infected patients (n=20) during 10-year period of medical treatment in a multidisciplinary health care setting (Military Medical Academy) were analyzed. Today the main causes of these persons death in these institutions are the diseases not associated with HIV infection: burns, combined injuries, toxic substances poisoning. It was found that HIV infection worsens the prognosis of patients hospitalized with respiratory apparatus diseases, promoting the earlier development of nosocomial infections, exacerbation of  broncho-pulmonary diseases and short-term mortality.  

Phytosanitary situation in a potato crop associated with the spread of viral diseases in the Astrakhan region The article describes the phytosanitary monitoring in a potato crop in the Astrakhan region. The materials obtained have shown that the strict implementation of previously recommended preventive measures to protect the normalized 2011 phytosanitary condition of potato fields with plantings associated with virus and phytoplasma infection in the Astrakhan region. However, in 2012—2014 years again, a difficult situation in terms epiphytotic viral infection.

Assessing the current state of the epidemic spread of HIV infection in the city of Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk region The purpose of this study is to evaluate the epidemic situation in the incidence of HIV infection in the city of Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk region, to identify the main features and trends in the epidemic. The epidemiology of HIV infection in Magnitogorsk is a high intensity spread of the disease among the population with signs of generalization. Identified the following unfavorable trends in the spread of HIV infection: active involvement in the epidemic of female and age of the population; increase the spread of HIV among drug users and patients with infections, sexually transmitted infections; increase in the number of patients with clinically advanced stages of HIV infection; increase the hidden sources of HIV infection; high mortality rate among patients with HIV infection associated with tuberculosis.

Innovation vaccines against dangerous viral diseases The experience of the development of candidate mucosal plant-made vaccines of oral administration. As an example the data about the development of vaccines against HIV-1/AIDS, hepatitis B and cervical cancer are considered in the paper. Resuls of the induction of immune responses in mice after the vaccination with dried fruits of transgenic tomato plants containing antigenic proteins TBI-HBS, PreS2-S and HPV16 L1 are reported.  

Effects of viral infection on the protein composition of the thylakoid membrane of tomato, pepper and cucumber Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (TMV) causing viral diseases in many important plants worldwide. Thylakoid membranes were isolated from chloroplasts of infected plants (cucumber, pepper and tomato) and analyzed the protein composition by electrophoresis on PAGE gradient gel (10–25%). The gradient electrophoresis of thylakoid membrane proteins of virus-infected plants was analyzed pepper and tomato plants infected with TMV virus and cucumber plant infected with CMV virus revealed that the content of polypeptide in the 47, 33, 29–24 and 17–15 kDa comprising the submolecular complex of photosystem II complex and oxygen evolving complex significantly reduced compared with uninfected plants that may be associated with structural abnormalities in the complex PS II.

Application of cellular technologies for treatment of viral diseases The review is devoted to a hot topic — application of cellular technologies for treatment of viral diseases, in particular for treatment of AIDS.