03.02.02 Вирусология

Transformation of soils in urbanized landscapes of khabarovsk under the influence of hydrological processes         Roslikova Valentina Ivanovna          Absract. The transformation of the natural environment, including the soil mantle, in the Far Eastern landscapes occurs under the influence of various types of modern geological processes, conditioned not only by the specifics of natural factors, but by a whole series of man-made ones. The last ones lead to the activation of geological processes and the loss of not only the stability of structures, but also to a shift in the state of the soil mantle. This issue has not been investigated for the soils of the Far Eastern urban landscapes. To reveal the morphodiagnostic transformation of soils in urban areas, it is necessary to disclose the patterns of their transformation under the influence of dominant processes. These are technogenic hydrogeological processes that cause flooding and underflooding. The study is based on a new all-Russian classification of soils.       The objects of the study were two catenas located in different engineering and geological regions of a large industrial center in Khabarovsk with various types of technogenic hydrogeological processes. Diagnostic signs of transformed soils and new predpochvennye formations have been determined by means of the elementary landscapes of various sections of the catena, and the mechanisms of these transformations have been revealed. In the zone of technogenic flooding the relationship between the diagnostic features of transformed soils and the new environmental conditions is analyzed. Against the backdrop of landslide processes in the zone of technogenic flooding the nature of the soils transformation is considered. They were investigated in two blocks: man-made and mineral. The structure and mechanisms of creep in these blocks are different, which is clearly documented in the nature of the sliding material and the gradualness of the soil mantle transformation. The allocation of a new predpochvennye formation - fractal-stratified - is justified.

On the biological degradation of white phosphorus On the biological degradation of white phosphorus   1 Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry named after A.E. Arbuzov. Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Arbuzov St., 8. Kazan, 420088. Republic of Tatarstan. Russia. E-mail: mindubaev-az@yandex.ru 2 Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University. University St., 18. Kazan, 420008. Republic of Tatarstan. Russia. Abstract For the first time different taxonomic groups of microorganisms (fungi, Streptomyces and bacteria) are inoculated on culture medium containing white phosphorus as the single source of phosphorus. On these media microorganisms grew and have not experienced phosphorus starvation. It is the world's first example of the inclusion of white phosphorus in the biosphere cycle of elemental phosphorus. The highest concentration corresponds to 5000 times excess of MPC of white phosphorus in wastewater. The comparison of the sequences of ribosomal genes of the fungus, steadily metabolizing the white phosphorus, with sequences of the GenBank database, allowed us to identify this microorganism as a new strain of Aspergillus niger, to which we have assigned the number A. niger AM1. Inoculation of A. niger AM1 in medium containing just two sources of phosphorus (phosphate and white phosphorus) demonstrated that P4 does not exhibit toxic properties in relation to this microorganism. In the presence of white phosphorus it grows at the same rate as in the absence thereof. This is the only example of the lack of white phosphorus toxicity to a living organism. Our previous studies have demonstrated the absence of white phosphorus toxicity for Aspergillus niger AM1. However, the toxic properties of the substances are of different nature. It is of great interest to study the genotoxicity – a possible source of mutations. In the present work SOS-lux test has demonstrated genotoxicity of white phosphorus. This result is obtained for the first time – all the available literature sources reported no genotoxic properties of white phosphorus. Allium test showed the mitotoxic effect of white phosphorus on eukaryotic cells. A very interesting and unexpected result was the discovery of a mutant Aspergillus niger AM1. In comparison with an ancestral strain this mutant possesses an unusual morphology and grows more intensively in culture medium with white phosphorus. Three strains of A. niger, sent from the All-Russian collection of microorganisms, also showed much higher resistance to white phosphorus than bacteria. According to preliminary data, resistance to white phosphorus the A. niger is fixed in the genome.

Resource-saving elements of soybean cultivation technology on the slopes of the Rostov region Resource-saving elements of soybean cultivation technology on the slopes of the Rostov region Rychkova M.I., Gaeva E.A., Mishchenko A.V. Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center, Rassvet. Е-mail: emmaksay@inbox.ru. Abstract. The article presents the actual results of research on the development of resource-saving elements of soybean cultivation technology, providing moisture saving, high productivity and soil protection from erosion. Two-year studies were carried out on the erosion-dangerous slope of the South-Eastern exposure of the Bolshoy Log beam, Aksai district of the Rostov region in the system of contour-landscape organization of the territory in 2017-2018. Studied two methods of primary tillage – otvalnuyu adopted for monitoring and chisel. Chisel tillage in the cultivation of soybean was performed by chisel plow. Dump processing was carried out with a plow blade. The mineral nutrition system included three backgrounds: natural fertility recommended by zonal systems and increased by half. It is established that to prevent possible erosion it is recommended to cultivate soybeans in the system of contour-band placement of fields. It is shown that the payback of the crop fertilizers on the version with the chisel treatment of the soil is higher than on the dump. Increasing the dose of fertilizer in half reduces the payback of fertilizers by 18.9-19.4 %. It is revealed that the approved soil protection (chisel) tillage can significantly reduce the erosion processes – soil flushing by 22.9%, runoff – 10.0%, the cost of fuel and lubricants-18.8%, increase the accumulation of reserves of productive moisture in the soil with a more economical expenditure, yield – by 30.2 – 32.1%, conditional net income-up to 6.6 thousand rubles /ha, profitability-by 42.1%, recoupment of direct costs yield of 1.4 rubles per ruble in comparison with the same indicators at the dump plowing.

Location on the Caucasus Potentilla multi-advisable (Potentilla multifida L.) Location on the Caucasus Potentilla multi-advisable (Potentilla multifida L.)  O.N. Demina, L.L. Rogal'  Abstract: The paper describes the Gum-Bashi Pass, which is named after the homonymous right-bank tributary of the Kuban - the Mara River. The distribution of grass vegetation on the Gum-Bashi Pass, as on the whole Rocky Caucasus Mountains, is associated with vertical zonality or altitudinal belt ecosystems. The characteristic of indigenous subalpine vegetation is given: on gentle northern slopes and plateaus of the Rocky ridge formed lush grassy meadows; Petrophytic steppes develop on the steep slopes of the southern, southeastern, and southwestern exposures. The most common types of natural forage lands on the Gum-Bashi Pass are mountain meadow communities on mountain sod-podzolic, gray and brown forest soils, and meadow-steppe communities on leached and podzolized black soil. However, the main purpose of the work is to describe a new plant species, Potentilla multifida L., which we discovered for the first time in the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia, in the Rocky Ridge system on the Gum-Bashi Pass and confirming its growth in the Caucasus. In describing this species, it is mentioned that this herbaceous perennial reaches 40 cm in height. The leaves of the plant are green above and beloiclochic below, dissected into linear lobes. The flowers are small, on thin pedicels, pale yellow. The beginning of its flowering was recorded when the species was collected. A critical summary of references to this species and an indication of the need to describe a new Caucasian form is given. In conclusion, one more time focuses on the need for this description, studying the distribution of P. multifida in the Caucasus and its phytocenotic environment. The article is illustrated with a large number of photos.

Effect of different phytohormones on Austrian sage multiplication (Salvia austriaca Jacq.) Effect of different phytohormones on Austrian sage multiplication (Salvia austriaca Jacq.) Vasilchenko Elena V., Sereda Mikhail M., Varduni Tatiana V. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia  Abstract: The influence of phytohormones such as 6-benzylaminopurine, naphthylacetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid on the Austrian sage multiplication (Salvia austriaca Jacq.) in an in vitro culture is discussed in the paper. Austrian sage is the medicinal, essential oil, melliferous and ornamental steppe herb, included in the Red List of the Rostov region. The study was conducted in the laboratory of cellular and genomic technologies of plants of the Botanical Garden. Seeds from the collection of the Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University were used as the primary explant. For cultivation the Murashige and Skoog medium was used. Murashige and Skoog medium without the addition of phytohormones was used as a control. Evaluation of the multiplication efficiency was carried out after 21 days. The multiplication factor was calculated as the number of new shoots. The highest multiplication factor was observed in the medium with the addition of 0.5 mg / l of 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg / l of naphthylacetic acid. This concentration of phytohormones is recommended for micropropagation of Austrian sage. The concentration of auxins (IAA and NAA) 0.3 mg/l leads to a decrease in the efficiency of Austrian sage multiplication. The height of shoot was approximately the same and no statistically significant differences were found on all tested mediums. It should be pointed out that with a greater concentration of phytohormones physiological abnormalities was observed.

Methods of soil fertility preservation on eroded slopes of Rostov region Methods of soil fertility preservation on eroded slopes of Rostov region Gaevaia Е.А. Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center, Rassvet. Е-mail: emmaksay@inbox.ru. Abstrac: Тhe Studies were carried out in a multifactorial stationary experiment in 1991-2018 years. the Experiment is located on the slope of the beam of the Big Log of Aksai district of Rostov region. The soil of the experimental site is ordinary heavy loamy Chernozem on loess-like loam, medium-eroded. In the experiment studied two crop rotation zernopererabotki (I) and sertralineprograms (II), and three levels of organic-mineral system of fertilizers («0» – natural fertility; «1» – cattle manure 5 t + N46P24K30 and «2» – cattle manure 8 t + N84P30K48 1 hectare). The aim of the study was to study the balance of humus depending on the design of crop rotations located on the eroded slopes of the Rostov region, to identify ways to preserve soil fertility at the initial level and increase it. As a result of the research, the amount of washed soil was determined. The importance of plant residues in the accumulation of humus is shown. It is established that the intensive use of agricultural land in the Rostov region without fertilizer leads to a reduction in the humus content in the soil. The role of perennial grasses in reducing soil flushing by 35.6% was studied. It is shown that the long-term use of organic fertilizers in crop rotations at a dose of 5 tons of cattle manure and N46P24K30, as well as the introduction of 20% of perennial in the crop rotation allows to maintain a positive balance of humus at the level of (+35 kg/ha) in the grain-grass crop rotation. Increasing the dose of fertilizer to 8 tons of cattle manure and N84P30K48 contributes to the accumulation of humus up to (+100 kg/ha) in the grain crop rotation. The possibility of replacing organic fertilizers with 1-2 t/ha of wheat straw using compensatory doses of nitrogen fertilizers is shown.

To the future without poliomyelitis: the state of the epidemic, vaccination issues (review) To the future without poliomyelitis: the state of the epidemic, vaccination issues (review) Belova Olga Evgen’evna  FSRI SRC VB «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk reg., Russia  Abstract: Polio is a highly contagious viral infection that affects mainly children under five years of age, which can lead to paralysis or even death. Damage to the nervous system is manifested by fever, pain in the limbs, then peripheral irreversible paralysis. In severe cases, paralysis of the respiratory muscles can occur, which causes death. The transmission mechanism is predominantly fecal-oral. The only way to combat polio remains vaccination. The vaccine provides the development of long-term humoral and local immunity. The purpose of this work is to analyze the epidemiological situation of poliomyelitis in the world 31 years after the adoption of the Global Polio Eradication Program, and to compare the characteristics of live and inactivated polio vaccines. Issues related to the use of live oral polio vaccine and the need for its phased withdrawal from circulation, the problem of vaccine-related polioviruses and vaccine-associated paralytic polio are considered. Describes ongoing research into the development of new safe and effective polio vaccines; approaches to the development of new IPV to reduce costs, increase coverage and reduce the risks of using live polioviruses in vaccine production; new technologies for the delivery and administration of IPV; clinical studies of new vaccines and vaccination schedules. The main objectives of the strategy to complete the eradication of poliomyelitis for 2019-2023 are discussed: eradication, integration, certification and containment.

The ameliorative condition of the soil spread around the Kattakurgan reservoir and its changes The ameliorative condition of the soil spread around the Kattakurgan reservoir and its changes Abdullaev S.A.1, Jabbarov Z.A.1, Tursunulova A.1, Okolelova A.A.2, Kholdorov Sh.M.3 1National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, zafarjonjabbarov@gmail.com 2Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia, allaokol@mail.ru 3Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology – TUAT, Tokyo, Japan, sh.m.xoldorov@gmail.com Abstract: Changes in the physicomechanical properties and ameliorative state of the soil were studied using the Kattakurgan reservoir as an example; the degree of fossil, the density of irrigated lands, the dynamics of the groundwater level by years, the ameliorative state and the location of salts by layers were studied. According to the results, the indicator of soils with an inadequate ameliorative state increased from 4.22% to 5.58%. It was justified that the level of groundwater salinity is mainly between 0-1 g / l and 1-3 g / l. It is scientifically substantiated that the main effect of the Kattakurgan reservoir on soils is formed by the accumulation of salts, the effect on the physicomechanical properties is relatively small.

Diagnosis and nomenclature floodplains soils in ecology-genetic and substantively-genetic classification and on the common State Register of soil resources of Russia When diagnosing and soil nomenclature River floodplain associated ecological-genetic classification, substantively-genetic classification and the unified State registry of soil resources of Russia. Studies were conducted on the ecosystem, located on the right bank of the plot of the floodplain of the middle reaches of the River Desna. The plot includes 12 floodplain environmental subsystems of different order. Results of the field studies allow, after receiving additional analytical data and conduct relevant discussions initiate a clarification on a number of issues of classification, diagnosis and nomenclature floodplains soils. At the present stage, it is advisable to use the Unified State Register of Soil Resources of Russia for soil surveys of floodplains.  

The balance of humus in crop rotations with short rotation on erosion-prone slopes Gaevaya Emma Аnatolievna State scientific institution Don Research Institute of Agriculture  Abstract: The purpose of this work is to study the balance of humus and its reproduction in crop rotations with different content in the structure of the acreage of pure fallow and perennial grasses on the slopes of the Rostov region. Studies were conducted in multifactor stationary experiment, located on the side of the beam Large Log in 2003-2017 years. Experiment was laid in 1986 in the system of contour-landscape organization of the territory of the slope with suppress of 3.5-4°. The soil of experimental plot – the ordinary heavy on loess-like loam. The initial content of humus in the soil at the laying of experiment was 3.80-3.83%. I was studied three crop rotations with different percentages of black allow and perennial grasses in the structure of crops rotations. The article presents data of the post-harvest residues amount and nitrogen entering the soil after different crops. The average values of root and crop residues catering in the soil for a hectare of crop rotation area are presented. The balance of humus is calculated when different doses of fertilizers are applying. The role of balk follow and perennial grasses in maintaining the deficit-free balance of humus was studied. It was shown that to achieve a deficit-free humus balance at the ordinary chernozems in crop rotations, located on erosion-prone slopes of the Rostov region, it is necessary to add organic fertilizer in a dose of 100 kg/ha considering the flushing of the soil. Expanded reproduction of soil fertility is possible if you add organic and mineral fertilizers in a dose of 162 kg/ha and crop rotation with 40 % of perennial grasses.

The influence of the groundwater level regime on the biological productivity of wood species in the forest bands of the Stone Steppe The influence of the groundwater level regime on the biological productivity of wood species in the forest bands of the Stone Steppe CheverdinYurii I.1, Akhtyamov Alexander G.2,Sautkina Marina Yu.3, 1V.V. Dokuchaev Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central-Chernozem zone, Voronezh, Russia 2Stony Steppe experimental forestry, Voronezh, Russia 3All-Russian Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Voronezh, Russia Abstract: Studies conducted in Dokuchaevsk agroforestry complex. The soil cover is characterized by a significant diversity and the nature of moisture. In this regard, the aim of the research was to assess the formation of forest stand depending on soil moisture. The materials of the carried out taxations of forest strips during the last century were used. For all test sites, a detailed analysis of the species composition, number of trees and growth parameters of the middle tree of the first tier is given. The average volume of wood supply stem wood per 1 ha was calculated on a single table "Forest of the subsidiary books." The processes of growth and development of tree crops in old-age plantations are shown. The features of the forest biological processes occurring in the protective forest plantations created by the foresters of the special expedition of prof. The influence of the regime of groundwater level on the growth parameters of the tree stand components. The dependence of growth and development of tree species on the distance from the main underground flow has been revealed on the basis of the materials of the forest strip inventory. On the formation of stands in different conditions, soil moisture has more influence than the proportion of oak in planting schemes of mixing. Analysis of the composition of the first tier stands shows that over the past 70 years on the Central segment of the formula composition of the stand 6D, 2Яо, 1Яп, 1V+Ko. Forest inventory in 1936 (age 41) it was 6D,2Яп,1Яо,1V. Formula of woody composition has changed slightly.  

To the future without poliomyelitis: the state of the epidemic, vaccination issues (review) Belova Olga Evgenevna FBRI SRC VB «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk reg., Russia   Abstract:  Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by a virus. It invades the nervous system, and can cause total paralysis in a matter of hours. Among those paralysed, 5% to 10% die when their breathing muscles become immobilized.The review analyzes the epidemiological situation of poliomyelitis in the world, describes the progress and risks associated with vaccine-derived polioviruses, the existing immunization tactics and the prospects for creating new safe and effective vaccines - genetically stable oral polio vaccine and available inactivated polio vaccine, innovative vaccine delivery and administration technologies, Studies conducted in this direction. The importance of detecting and terminating transmission of poliovirus, improving epidemiological surveillance and response to outbreaks, planning for efforts to ensure a poliomyelitis-free world after poliovirus elimination, including poliovirus containers, population protection, detection and response to sudden, recurrent outbreaks of poliomyelitis, is underlined.  

Comparison of Supervised Classification Techniques and Gaussian Mixture Distribution Method for Estimating Land Use Type on the Landsat 7 Satellite Data The applications of remote sensing on the land cover classification are very important for lands planning. . For this purpose multispectral satellite data uses in agricultural areas due to practically in large-scale. Many of the studies have been carried out with supervised classification based on pixel function. However, it is not possible to determine what kind of uses are in the land where the natural pattern distribution is unknown. For this reason, some statistical approaches and conditional algorithms are trying in the classification. The most common of these is Gaussian mixture distribution analysis (GMD). Mixture distribution analysis is multivariate statistical methods that deal with the separation of objects or different clusters of observations and the re-organization of pre-defined groups. This study was conducted for classification of sugar beet and wheat with grassland by using SC and GMD on the Landsat 7 ETM+ data in 1850 ha areas of Konya region and the spatial ranges were compared with the location realities. The result of calculations has shown the SC estimated sugar beet, wheat and grassland with accuracy coefficients at 0.88, 0.90, 0.83, respectively. On the other hand, GMD predicted with accuracy coefficients at 0.94 for sugar beet, 0.96 for wheat and 0.92 for grassland. As a result, GMD can be used with high accuracy in the detection of different land cover types in unknown lands. However, similar studies should be performed on different types of land cover for creation of spectral libraries, thus GMD could determine all of the land cover types.

Influence of herbicides on the productivity of maize in the conditions of ordinary chernozems in the Rostov Region Eng. Influence of herbicides on the productivity of maize in the conditions of ordinary chernozems in the Rostov Region  Grinko A.V., Polienko E.A. Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Center, Rassvet, grinko82@mail.ru  Abstract. One of the most important ways to increase the yield of corn is to control weed vegetation using chemical protection preparations. It is necessary to assess the level of harmfulness and selection of herbicide. The preparation should correspond to the floral composition of the weeds. In the Rostov region in many cases, the use of herbicidal preparations in the form of tank mixtures is optimal, therefore 6 variants of herbicides from different chemical classes were chosen as the objects of the study. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of combined herbicidal preparations containing several active substances is most effective. This allows to significantly expand the range of action of herbicides and increase their efficiency and payback.  

The specific of degraded pastures' formation while climate change in the Western Pricaspiy Gasanova Zarema Ulubiyevna, Zagidova Raisat Murtuzaliyevna Precaspian Institute of Biological Resources of Daghestan Scientific Center RAS, Russia, zgasanova@list.ru  Steppening of pastures in the Western Caspian has smoothed a little the natural factors of soil and vegetative cover degradation, but the problem of degradation remains relevant due to anthropogenic pressure increasing by small horned livestock overgrazing and raising the level of saline groundwater. The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of climate on the example of light chestnut and meadow saline soils and vegetation. Within the Terek-Sulak lowland the horizon A has been reduced in light chestnut and meadow solonchak soils for 50 years, the salt content in soils has increased two-three times. Long-term impact on pastoral ecosystems of natural and anthropogenic factors have led to significant changes in the indigenous meadow and meadow-steppe communities. In plant associations there is a decrease in the quantity of valuable species of fodder forage (Agropyrum). Restoration of pastures is mainly due to feather grasses having a large mass and distributional areas. In the Terek-Kuma lowland an increase in the amount of precipitation for 20 years has stimulated the optimization of light chestnut soils located on the dominant elements of the relief, in the upper 28-cm thick the salt content decreased. On degraded areas of light- and medium loamy light-chestnut soils, there is an increase of one-year-old saline groupings and ephemerals. In the cereal and wormwood associations increased the participation of feather grasses (Stipa), valuable in the fodder of Camphorosma. On eroded areas of sandy loamy chestnut soils "self-melioration" is observed: in the abandoned roads and blowing basins Salsola Kali ("roll-field") accumulates, where it breaks up, creating an anti-deflation cover. On meadow solonchak soils, the content of salts increased two to five times, the participation of one-year-old saline plant associations increased.

Soil-ecological state of technogenic landscapes of Novokuznetsk industrial complex Dvurechenskiy Vadim G., Androhanov Vladimir A. Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; dvu-vadim@mail.ru Abstract: The article reflects the features of the formation of the soil cover of technogenic ecosystems that form on various substrates. Based on the results of soil mapping, an assessment of the soil-ecological state of technogenic landscapes of the Novokuznetsk industrial complex located in the south of Western Siberia in the Kemerovo region is given. Some variants of reclamation are offered. As a result of recultivation work and natural restoration of vegetation, young soils are formed on the surface of man-made ecosystems - embriozems and technozems. The quality of such soils and coverage area characterize the soil-ecological state of the ecosystem. The soil-ecological state of the Baydayevsky coal mine is considered good, since for the last 20 years the most evolutionarily developed embryozems humus-accumulative and technozems humusogenic have been diagnosed on its surface. The soil-ecological state of the ash dumps of the Tom-Usinsky State District Power Plant and the tailing dumps of the Abagursky concentration factory is considered unsatisfactory, since for a long time (about 20 years), the development of the soil cover has stopped at the initial and organo-accumulative stage, in connection with the properties of the substrate. The physicochemical characteristics of different types of soils in man-made landscapes revealed that the most qualitative changes in physicochemical properties occurred in embryozems and technozems formed on a coal-cut dump; less qualitative - on tailing dumps and ash dumps. Therefore, it can be stated that the man-made substratum composing ash dumps and tailings is less suitable for carrying out biological recultivation. Without the recultivation works of the land reclamation plan aimed at creating an artificial root layer, these facilities will have a negative impact on the ecological situation in the area of ??their location for a long time.

MicroRNA: markers of male infertility. The molecular basis of dysfunction and pathogenesis of male reproductive system are not fully known at the moment, but the results of several researches revealed that microRNAs play an important roles in precise regulation of post-transcriptional processes in spermatogenesis. It is involved in immune reactions, thermal and oxidative stress responses, it directs effects on proliferation and differentiation, chromatin compactification, apoptosis, affects the synthesis of functionally important proteins in the metabolism of spermatozoa, the synthesis of proteins involved in sperm motility, et cetera. All these facts are sufficiently confirm that differentially expressed in normal and pathological processes of sperm production  microRNAs can be used as reliable markers for different variants of patospermia. Considering that the spermatogenesis disturbance is one of the most significant cause  of male infertility, identification of specific microRNAs and studying of its regulatory mechanisms are very important for the formation of through understanding of the problem of male infertility and for the development of therapeutic methods. So, the main purpose of this article is compilation a literature review over the past six years on the topic of altered expression of microRNAs in seminal plasma, testicular tissue in several types of spermathogenesis abnormalities. In generally, analysis of the literature sources has shown that miR-15, miR-126, miR-449, miR-514, miR-517, miR-1260 are down-regulated and miR-99, miR-141, miR-193, miR-373, miR-429 are up-regulated in various pathologies of spermatogenesis. Expression profiling of the following microRNAs in various pathologies of spermatogenesis have also been repeatedly noted by researchers, but the concentration of each of them could be increased and decreased depending on the type of pathospermia: miR-16, miR-19, miR-26, miR-29, miR-30, miR-34, miR-122, miR-125, miR-181, miR-374, miR-509, miR-574.    

Model operation of efficiency of crop rotations in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia Alternation of crops, will remain a fundamental element of zonal technologies of their cultivation for a long time. Application of methods of mathematical model operation will allow to come to new level in the solution of the questions of effective use of an arable land, through application of models optimizing it. Results of researches which basis data of long-term observations are will be especially valuable. They used data of the long-lived stationary experiments on studying of alternation of crops in crop rotations of last more than five rotation. Stationary experiences are located in a forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia on the fields FGBNU "SIBNIISKH". The purpose of researches consisted in optimization of use of an arable land at application of methods of mathematical model operation for preservation of soil fertility. The model allowing when performing particular conditions is given in work (balance of a humus, work expense, a metabolic cost, etc.) to optimize use of an arable land against the background of preservation of soil fertility of the soil, receiving production, economic and power efficiency. It is shown that at alternation of grain crops with clear steam, formation of a harvest happens due to natural fertility of the soil what the negative balance of a humus which reaches 0,18 – 0,78 tons from hectare testifies to. At alternation of field cultures without clear steam the harvest was formed against the background of reproduction of organic matter of the soil, due to increase in vegetable oddments from use of fertilizers, the balance of a humus was positive – 0,15 – 0,28 tons from hectare. Use along with clear steam, busy steam, colza on green fertilizer, and also straw as organic fertilizer for grain crops, 2,01 tons from hectare of commodity grain were received, at a share of clear steam – 16,8%, busy steam – 11%, summer grain – 72,2% of arable land. Increasing in crop rotations of Zapadnoy Sibiri Square with use as organic fertilizer of straw, busy vapors and green udbreniye, it is possible to achieve reproduction of fertility of the soil with some decrease in an exit of commodity grain to 2 tons from hectare.    

Effect of Combined Magnetic Fields with Very Weak Alternating Component on Duration of Pupal Metamorphosis Stage in Mealworm Beetle Tenebrio molitor It is shown that an exposure of pupae of the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor to the combined static (42 µT) and very weak extremely low-frequency alternating collinear magnetic fields exerts different influence, depending on the frequency of the alternating magnetic field (AMF), on duration of metamorphosis processes in these insects. For instance, a no less than 8 hour-exposure of young pupae to weak combined magnetic fields, adjusted to the frequency of ion cyclotron resonance for Ca2+ (32.2 Hz) at the AMF of 100 and 250 nT, inhibits metamorphosis process – a transitional stage from pupae to imago lasts longer. In contrast, a stimulating effect was observed when adjusted to cyclotron frequency for ion of glutaminic acid (4.4 Hz) at the amplitudes of 40, 100 and 250 nT. At the weaker amplitudes of the AMF this effect is not seen. For instance, an exposure at a frequency of 4.4 Hz, the amplitude of AMF 6, 16 nT and at a frequency of 32.2 Hz, the amplitude of AMF 6, 16 and 40 nT exerts no noticeable effect on the duration of the pupal metamorphosis stage.

Poliomyelitis: on the way to eradication In the pre-vaccine era, poliovirus was the main cause of disability in children. Today, the endemic transmission of poliovirus occurs in some areas of only three countries - Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria, the number of polio cases has declined by more than 99 %. Of the three strains of wild poliovirus, only Type 1 continues to be detected. But the risks associated with unprotected low-level transmissions remain, which threatens the return of poliomyelitis epidemics in these countries and the spread of the virus to other countries in which poliomyelitis has been eradicated.The aim of this work is to analyze the state of the epidemic of poliomyelitis in Russia and in the world, the progress made in interrupting transmission of poliovirus and preventing outbreaks of circulating poliovirus vaccine origin (cVDPV); a review of the existing poliomyelitis vaccines and researches in this area (including the development of vaccines that do not contain live virus), vaccination problems in the final phase of elimination.The article highlights the importance of monitoring the maintenance of immunization coverage rates for children in decreed ages, the detection of type 2 polioviruses (wild, vaccine-bearing or vaccine-derived (Sabin strain) after a global transition from trivalent oral polio vaccine to bivalent OPV, discontinuation of oral poliomyelitis vaccine to eliminate rare long-term risks of the appearance of cVDPV and other measures to prevent the occurrence of cases of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis; a growing role for the environmental surveillance system; the need to continue fundamental research on poliovirus as a model system of other similar viruses that pose a threat to health.