03.02.01 Ботаника

The article describes the main characteristics of informativeness of primers, such as the value of information polymorphism (polymorphism information content, PIC) for dominant markers, effective multiplex ratio (effective multiplex ratio, EMR) and marker index (marker index, MI), the resolving power of the primer (resolving power, Rp). The value of information polymorphism (PIC) varied from 0.095 to 0.5 for primers UBC 811 and UBC 835, the limit from 0 to 0.5 was typical for primers UBC 857 and UBC 880. The highest effective multiplex ratio was characterized by the PRIMER UBC 811 (EMR=19.69), and the lowest UBC 857 (EMR=0.42). The highest values of the marker index (MI) were characterized by primers UBC 811 and UBC 835 (range 1.871-9.845 and 0.780-4.105, respectively). And the lowest values of the marker index (MI) were characterized by primers UBC 857 and UBC 880 (range 0-0,21 and 0–0,615, respectively). The highest resolution and number of genotypes that can be diagnosed (x) was found in the UBC 811 primer (Rp=25, x=154), and the lowest in the UBC 857 primer (Rp=3.2, x=9). All primers were highly informative (more than 0.4), the most informative was the UBC 811 primer (AvIb=0.5208). Indicators of the resolution (Rp) of primers and the effective multiplex ratio (EMR) show that this "primer-method" system and the marker system used in General are suitable for the diagnosis of coenopopulations of Bellevalia sarmatica (Pall. ex Georgi) Woronow. The purpose of this work is to study the acceptability of using the selected marker system.

Ecological Methods Introduction of Trees and Shrubs, Are Differentiated by Natural Conditions DistrictLyubimov V. B.The results of relocation of trees and shrubs in regions differentiated natural conditions, based on the use of ecological methods for the introduction and use of advanced production technologies.

Scutellaria L. CrimeanPichugin V. S.The results of phytogeographic studies of the genus Scutellaria L. on the Crimean peninsula are given. The main reasons for the decline and disappearance of plant populations are innumerated. Sozological evaluation of the kind in the flora of the Crimea is carried out.

Effects of Fragmentation and Replacement of Dominants on Species Richness and Pattern of Individual Distribution Among Tree Species in Forests of the Western CaucasusAkatov V. V., Akatova T. V., Zagurnaja J. S., Shadzhe A. E.The consequences of fragmentation and replacement of primary dominants by secondary dominants (native and alien) in the tree layer have been studied in forests of the Western Caucasus. The results show that in most cases these processes have not changed significantly species richness and pattern of individual distribution among tree species. However, if secondary dominants reach greater or smaller abundance, than primary dominants, then they lead to change in the species richness of communities not only as a result of interception them greater or smaller part of resources from the environment, but also therefore that they provoke more or less "hard" partitioning of remaining resources among associated species.

Prognosis of Dwarf-Shrub and Lichen Layers Development in Northern Taiga Pine Forests Under Artificial Pollution by Polymetallic DustGorshkov V. V., Bakkal I. Y., Lyanguzova I. V., Barcan V. S.Environmental pollution by polymetallic dust slows down the rate of post-fire recovery succession of moss-lichen layer in northern taiga pine forests. In case the technogenic load index (Il) is ?10 related units there are no disturbances. With the interval between 10 and 30 rel. units the expected delay of complete layer recovery as compared with the control may last 50—70 years. With the index of Il >30 rel. units the process of post-fire succession is totally disturbed and the layer recovery will depend on how fast the soil will get cleared of heavy metals; in this case the recovery delay is expected to last longer than 200 years. The state of the dwarf-shrub layer under the same values of Il is not changed.

The Patterns of the Modern Structure and Dynamics of the Steppe and Halophytic Vegetation in Left Volga Bank of Saratov RegionDavidenko O. N., Nevskiy S. A.The article is devoted to the estimation of current status steppe and halophytic vegetation communities in the left Volga bank of Saratov region. The associations prevalence in different parts of territory and comparative analysis of the diversity of associations at the present stage and studies of past years are performed.

By the results of research annotated list of 154 lichens in pine forests Ural foothills was msde. Basing on similarity of species composition, dominant species and lichen life forms, 179 pine tree sinusiums were defined in typical regional pine forests. The lichen sinusiums are found to every dynamic and geterogeneous.

In this article are given of studying some bioecological features new species in dry subtropical conditions of Apsheron, which are introducted after 2000 years. By observation have been enveloped 19 species and forms of deciduous and coniferous genus. Investigated species of different origin successfully grow and fructify in Apsheron.b It is carried out researches convincingly show that new introducted species can be used in greenery and in style of landscape design.

Presented results of the Astragalus ponticus Pall. population study on the territory of nature monument «Salskaya steppe» in Rostov province. There are determined: population area, quantity, density, age structure, seeds productivity, limiting factors.

Studied phytocoenotic environment Hyssopus angustifolius on the Donets Ridge. Phytodiversity represented associations Thymo dimorphis-Hyssopetum angustifolii and Senecio schvetzovii-Hyssopetum angustifolii, combining steppe type communities with semishrubs (Steppae petrophile) inside an class Festuco-Brometea; and Sileno borysthenicae-Hyssopetum angustifolii, which combines a pioneer community (Petrophyton) of class Helianthemo-Thymetea.

The variability of morphological and biochemical characteristics of individuals Betonica officinalis L. in natural habitats of the Urals is investigated. Taiga and forest steppe ecades are identified on a complex of characteristics. The characteristics that have the adaptive nature in relation to the environmental conditions of the species are found.

Supplement to the Red List of plants of the Rostov regionErmolaeva Olga Yuryevna, Fedyaeva Valentina Vasilyevna, Shmaraeva Antonina Nikolaevna, Tatiana Aleksandrovna Karaseva, Shishlova Zhanna NikolaevnaSouthern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russiae-mail: oyermolaeva@sfedu.ruDOI:10.18522/2308-9709-2022-41-1Abstract. The family Fabaceae Lindl. is one of the four largest families of seed plants of the natural flora of the Rostov region in terms of the number of species. The regional Red List contains 18 species of Fabaceae from 7 genera, which is 9,9 % of the total number of angiosperm species included in it. Our objects of study were populations of a number of species of the Fabaceae family Astragalus calycinus M. Bieb., Astragalus pubiflorus (Pall.) DC., Astragalus tanaiticus K. Koch, Calophaca wolgarica (L. fil.) DC., Caragana scythica (Kom.) Pojark., Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall. The research was carried out in accordance with the monitoring program of rare and endangered species of plants and fungi in the Rostov region in the period from 2014 to 2022. As a result of the study, information was obtained and summarized, which clarified and supplemented data on the distribution of species, the number of populations, and the measures taken to protect the above-mentioned taxa. In particular, more than 30 new localities of these species were identified, including in new administrative districts of the Rostov region and in new specially protected natural areas; described for the first time or repeatedly in total more than 70 cenopopulations. As a result of many years of monitoring, it was found that the categories of rarity status Astragalus calycinus, A. pubiflorus, A. tanaiticus, Calophaca wolgarica, Caragana scythica, Hedysarum grandiflorum in the Red List of the Rostov Region are adequate to the nature of their distribution and the state of populations in the Rostov Region. The materials presented in the article will serve as the basis for writing new species essays in the process of preparing the third edition of the Red List of the Rostov Region, which is planned to be released in 2024.

Dorsoventral asymmetry of photosynthetic parameters of Ficus benjamina leaves under temperature stress: effects of blue and red LED lightingYadronova Olga1, Vladimir Lysenko1*, Vasiliy Chokheli1, Tatyana Varduny1, Evgeniya Kirichenko1, Maria Ignatova1, Ekaterina Tarik1; * vs958@yandex.ru1Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, RussiaDOI:10.18522/2308-9709-2022-41-2AbstractLeaves of most land plant species have a pronounced dorsoventral asymmetry determined by the anatomical differences of the palisade and spongy mesophyll as well as by the localization of the stomata. At the same time, the functional differences of these two types of photosynthetic tissue are poorly studied, out of connection with their basic anatomical features. Photosynthetic parameters of Ficus benjamina leaves were investigated under adaxial and abaxial illumination with blue and red actinic light, using pulse-modulated (PAM) fluorimetry (measurements of quantum yield of photosystem II; Fv/Fm, F'v/F'm), dual-frequency Fourier-photoacoustic spectroscopy and evaluations of CO2 assimilation rate (P) in a flow chamber. Oxygen coefficients of photosynthesis were calculated using photoacoustic studies as the ratio of the rate of photolytic oxygen evolution to the value of photochemically stored energy (YO2). Temperature stress (39°C) has been shown to have a small and unsignificant effect on Fv/Fm and F'v/F'm values regardless of color and direction of actinic light (adaxially or abaxially). However, P and YO2 values decreased under temperature stress and as a result of replacing red light with blue light. At the same time, stress and the blue light increased the dorsoventral asymmetry of leaves evaluated by P and YO2 values. We hypothesized that such a response to blue light is due to the fact that the blue light is able to penetrate to a lesser depth of the leaf, where it excites photosynthesis mainly in the palisade mesophyll, which is more adapted to the anoxygenic photosynthesis, whereas the red light penetrates to a greater depth, in the spongy mesophyll, and is therefore more effective in exciting the anoxygenic photosynthesis. In fact, response of F. benjamina leaves to the blue light and temperature stress was to increase the proportion of anoxygenic photosynthesis (probably occurring due to the cyclic electron transport around photosystem II), that appeared to be more pronounced in the palisade mesophyll compared to the spongy mesophyll.

Features of the assortment and architectural and planning composition of public gardens in Rostov-on-DonBerezina V. V., Kozlovskiy B. L., Kuropyatnikov M. V.Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, RussiaE-mail: ecostyle2@mail.ru DOI:10.18522/2308-9709-2022-42-1 Abstract:The aim of the study was to study the range and features of the architectural and planning composition of public gardens in the city of Rostov-on-Don. 12 public gardens of Rostov-on-Don were chosen as objects of study. The article presents the species composition of green spaces in squares, the state and features of their architectural and planning composition. An analysis of the assortment of woody plants in the selected squares revealed its relative poverty (46 genera from 26 families). Trees are represented by 50 species, shrubs - only 14 species. There is a shortage of durable trees of the first magnitude. Few highly ornamental trees and shrubs. Due to the monotonous assortment composition, all tree and shrub groups look the same, and do not create a feeling of uniqueness of each of the public gardens. The leading tree species of public gardens of Rostov-on-Don (Acer platanoides, Aesculus hippocastanum, Picea pungens, Pinus nigra, Platycladus orientalis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Tilia cordata), their phytosanitary state, stages of ontogenesis were determined. The role and importance of squares for the urban environment is considered. The advantages and disadvantages of breeds are indicated and recommendations for their elimination are given. Based on the survey of public gardens, it was concluded that it is necessary to develop an assortment of woody plants that meet modern requirements for green building and methods for their reconstruction and restoration. Most of the public gardens in Rostov-on-Don were originally planned in a regular style. However, over time, it transformed into a mixed style. Many squares do not visually correspond to the historical surrounding space and do not solve its problems after numerous reconstructions, while others require renovation. Most of the surveyed squares are part of the architectural ensemble of streets. During the reconstruction of the squares, this fact was not taken into account, and most of the squares lost their original appearance, compositional expressiveness and connection with the ensemble of streets. The main scientific and applied tasks of regional green building in relation to public gardens is the development of a modern assortment of woody plants, as well as concepts and methods for their reconstruction and restoration.