1.5.7. Генетика

Erosion processes on the territory of small catchment — regularities of formation Analysis of the results four years of research of the snowmelt runoff formation and soil loss on the catchment area of the small river Lubozikha showed that surface runoff and soil washout has an influence not only on the intensity of erosion processes, but also on the chemical composition of river waters.

To the study of water mites (Acariformes) as part of a small river Devitsa Zooperiphiton (Voronezh region) An ecologo-faunistic information about 13 species from 6 families of water mites of zooperiphyton  river Devitsa (Limestone North Central Russian upland, Voronezh region), of which 10 are listed for the first time for the region. Identified dominant and rare species, preferences in of various substrates.

Effects of partial cutting on soil microbial complex in pinewoods of Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe region The analysis of a structural-functional condition of soil microbita has shown, that satisfactory soil forest-vegetation conditions the pinewoods density of 0,6—0,7 which have been passed by the first cutting. Intensity of felling a forest stand, the season of lumbering and a way of brush disposal the promote redistribution in structure of eco-trophic groups of microorganisms and formation of an optimum level of enzymes activity in soil.

The role of agrochemistry in the conditions of modern agriculture in Russia An analysis of current problems and the negative consequences of underestimating major laws of agriculture in the Russia were carried out. Have considered the ecological function of agrochemistry in agroecosystems and the conditions which necessary for the successful development and modernization of  agriculture of the country.

The soil and microbiological characteristics of virgin and deposit gray forest soils of Priangarye, are formed in conditions of hillocky relief One of the factors that determine the characteristics of soil formation and soil microbial processes in the Priangarye is hillocky relief. It promotes differentiation of soil-forming processes in the soil profile and a sharp difference of their morphology and properties. When plowing of soil is a significant change in the properties of soils [12] and microbiological parameters [13], which for a long time is saved when translated into deposit mode.

Introduction of trees and shrubs in the Nikita Botanical Gardens and their naturalization on the Crimean peninsula The check-list of trees and shrubs presented in collection of the Nikita Botanical Gardens capable for self-reproduction or run wild on the territory of Crimean peninsula have been provided. Invasive activity of species have been given according to the categories used in the database on naturalized species in European botanical gardens.

Agroecological efficiency of use of rice meliorative cultivated lands on the basis of the evaluation of agricultural resource territory potential The approbation of methodological approaches according to the agroecological evaluation of lands of rice irrigation system has been conducted. Based on the analysis of statistic and predicted data on yield capacity of rice crop rotation it has been proved that it can be eligible for developing farming system in rice cultivation. The correspondence between actual and calculated according to the degree method of agroecological land quality has been discovered.

Some peculiarities of reproductive system of the campanula sibirica l. (campanulaceae) The results of biology study Campanula sibirica L. at the conditions of his nature growth at the mountain Crimea have been presented. Peculiarities of the male and female reproductive structures development (availability of the placentoid and the fibrous thickening in the walls of the connective cells in microsporangium, development postamento-podium and hypostases in ovule etc.) have been shown. The of flowering and pollination processes have been described in details; the phenomenon of the invagination, the male phase in the flower  bud, structure of seeds, and also the mechanism of dissemination have been illustrated.  The conclusion about the formation many quantity of seeds and possibility their dissemination at greatly distance has been determinated of the original peculiarities of flowering, pollination and also the structure fruits and the  dissemination of this species  has been made.

Lunaria rediviva L. (Cruciferae) from Mordovian State Nature Reserve in Conditions in vivo and in vitro Perennial honesty is the tertiary relict of European deciduous forests. In the Republic of Mordovia it known from the Mordovian State Nature Reserve and the National Park «Smolny» and it is included in the regional Red Data Book. Population of Lunaria rediviva L. from the Mordovian State Nature Reserve was studied. The composition of the accompanying flora is revealed and it is analyzed on the environment factors. Comparison of the ratio of age groups and generative elements of individuals in the population for 2011—2012 was carried out. The attempt to reduce the stratification period of Lunaria rediviva seed in its germination in culture in vitro by exposure to sterilants was made.

Teptiaries: population and genetic characteristic Population and genetic characteristics of Tatars-teptyaries, for populations of the rank «Village Council» and «area», living in Menzelinsky, Muslyumovsky and Aktanyshsky regions of the Republic of Tatarstan are analysed in this work. Constantly decreasing extended mode of reproduction and the lowest level of metisation amongst  rural people is found. The scheme of a family landscape is analysed. Values of a random and local inbriding for the Village Councils of three areas are given.

The kind of adventitious flora in the Kaliningrad city 201 kind considered adventives plant growing in the Kaliningrad city. The analysis of adventives species.

Information Technology Education in the Soil Sciences Stroganova M. N. In article approaches to creation of informatization infrastructure of education in soil sciences and feature of the organization of educational process at the present stage are considered. This application of electronic textbooks, network means, including Internet, test quality control of knowledge. Positive and negative lines of educational process in Bologna Process are considered. Examples of equipment and ways of teaching of a soil cover of the world and structure of a soil cover in connection with new requirements are described.

Effects of Combined Lead Contamonation and Alternating Magnetic Field on the Number of Sadny Soil Microorganisms Mazanko M.S. Kolesnikov S.I. Denisova T.V. Studied the effect of lead contamination, an alternating magnetic field, their combination on such groups of soil microorganisms, as ammonifying, amylolytic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and micromycetes. Pollution had a significant and different effect on the number of soil microorganisms. The nature and extent of this effect varied depending on the level of impact of each factor, and they were not linear.

Biogeosistem’s Techniques — Epistemological Foundation of Ecosystem’s Maintenance Kalinichenko V. P. The basement of global of biosphere dynamics and the long-term principles of geographical sphere protection and ecosystem’s management are proposed. An epistemological base of land use is the synthesis of long-term sustainable biogeosystems with reliably predictable properties and starting conditions of long-term operation of biogeosystem for a period of 30–50 years. The increase in biological production of the Earth is possible by creating a long-term soil conditions for root system of plants development, long-term stability and productivity of biogeosystem. The radically new subsurface pulse continuous-discrete paradigm of irrigation is revealed. The biogeosystem’s technique concept will provide an opportunity to synthesize in Russia the diversified innovative precedent of next high-technological structure of the current civilization of Earth. The theoretical foundations and application-oriented means to solve a problem of steady consistent management of biogeosystem and create in the soils the disperse systems of new quality, having changed a parity of processes of sedimentation, pedogenesis, lithogenegis for high efficiency of biologically active phase of soil in biosphere and to solve a problem of recreational biogeosystem’s technique are developed.

Number and Mean Frequency of Species on Sites of Natural and Synanthropic Subalpine Plant Communities of West Caucassus Akatov V. V., Akatova T. V., Chefranov S. G. For detecting density compensation effect in subalpine plant communities of West Caucasus the relationship between number and mean frequency of species in plots 15–16 m2 were analyzed, using a computer simulation models. The results demonstrated that 1) communities with low species richness can be characterized by, as low, so and high mean frequency of species; 2) relatively high mean frequency of species exist mainly in isolated plant communities; 3) the anthropogenic transformation of natural subalpine plant communities in grazed-over area has not caused broad spreading the density compensation effect.

Norms for Arsenic’s Contamination of Soil Bezuglova O. S., Okolelova A. A. In our research we identify inaccuracy in assessment of low-degree arsenic’s contamination based on two background values to MPC, because the MPC is calculated in terms of exceeding background values higher on 2 mg/kg. We evaluate the low-degree arsenic’s contamination of soils as the difference between background values and MPC. Another informative assessment of arsenic’s accumulation in soils includes analysis of ratio of its concentration to the regional background value. In case if the regional background value is unknown, the assessment employs the ratio of arsenic’s concentration to Clark (CC). However, CC doesn’t have the classification scale. That fact reduces its benefits as useful assessment tool of soil contamination’s degree. In our article we devise CC’s classification scale that works for the assessment purposes.

Sunflower Chlorophyll Mutations Induced by N-Nitrosomethylurea and Character of Its Inheritance I. Variegated Mutants Usatov A.V. , Kolokolova N.S., Rogkova O.K., Usatova O.A., Chesnokova N.A., Fedorova M.A., Plotnikov v. G. Variegated mutants of the sunflower chlorophyll mutant collection of Southern federal university were studied. Its uniqueness consists in the fact that it was worked out on the base of one inbred line. Secondly, only one mutagen (N-nitrosomethylurea) was used for mutation inductions. Variegated mutants are characterized by leaves having white, yellow and yellow-green sectors of the various sizes and forms. Chlorophyll deficient sectors may be caused by some reasons in green plants. However, long-term researches of induced variegated mutants showed that they met the classic criteria of plastid inheritance. They are characterized by permanent somatic segregation, one-parental maternal inheritance of mutant character, defects of plastid structure and functions, presence of heteroplastid cells on the borderline between normal and mutant tissues.

Background: To the best of author’s knowledge, presently there are no papers on the relationship of polymorphism of the FTO, LPL, LIPC, PON1 genes with the risk of obesity in children and adolescents. The relevance of this area of research is dictated by the high prevalence of obesity not only in the adult population, but also in children. The aim of this work is to study the potential relationship between the polymorphisms of the PON1 Q192R, LIPC -250G> A, LPL Ser447Ter, FTO A23525T genes and the risk of obesity, atherosclerosis, and diabetes in children and adolescents in Europe and the European part of Russia by means of meta-analysis. Methods. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the results of 9 case-control studies meeting the selected criteria has been carried out. The meta-analysis included 3603 people, divided into groups: children and adolescents with obesity or overweight — 1,877 people and children and adolescents who made up the control group, with normal weight or underweight — 1,726 people. Results. For rs9939609 of the FTO gene, a 2-fold increased risk of obesity for homozygotes for allele A was revealed (p <0.0001). Statistically significant differences for children and adolescents with obesity and normal weight were found for the dominant and recessive inheritance patterns (p <0.0001). Conclusions. Analysis of genotype frequencies in girls revealed statistically significant differences for homozygotes for allele A (p = 0.00268). For the recessive inheritance model, significant differences were found in boys and girls. The odds ratios for the A23525A genotype for girls and boys with obesity and normal weight were 1.74 (p = 0.0022) and 1.65 (p = 0.0094), respectively.