1.5.19. Почвоведение

Effect of Mesorelif on Water and Physical Properties of Gray Forest Soils of Birch-Aspen Forest Reihert E. V., Ni E. U. The article examines the impact of meso-relief on the physical and water-physical properties of gray forest soils in birch-aspen forest on the slopes of the example of the northern and southern exposure. During the studies it was found that depending on the element of relief structural changes of the aggregate, the field moisture content, density and temperature of gray forest soils.

Some Features of the Effect of Ultrasound on Microorganisms Antusheva T. I. The article presents a review of current scientific and methodical literature characterizing the effects of ultrasound on biological objects. The mechanisms and some of the features of the influence of physical factors on microorganisms are described. The different biological effects occurring in bacteria under the influence of ultrasonic fields of different intensity and frequency are considered. The examples and prospects of practical application of ultrasonic technology in microbiology are given.

Astragalus Ponticus Pall. — Rare View of the Flora in Eastern Europe: Chorology Features and Ecologo-Cenotic Confinement Kucherevsky V. V., Baranets N. A., Sirenko T. V., Shol G. N., Demina O. N., Rogal L. L. The paper provides information on the results of the chorologic research A. ponticus in Eastern Europe: Moldova, Pridnestrovie, Russia, Ukraine. It is pointed out of characteristics of distribution of the species as a whole and in individual regions. Shown ecologo-cenotic confinement in different parts of the area.

Bioecological Features of Some Species Genus of Rhamnus L. in Arboretum NAS of Azerbaijan Abbasova Z. G. In the article is given data with seed propagate, features development and rhythm growth of species Rhamnus alaternus and Rh. dahurica. It was noted time flowering of one flower, inflorescence of the plants. In conditions of Apsheron these plant well growth and fructify. These species hot-forst resistance. Their may be use in landscape design, single, groups, fence and greenery.

Genetics of Type I Diabetes Ryzhkov P. A., Ryzhkova N. S., Konovalova R. V. Analysis of literary data on modern researches in the field of genetic predisposition to diabetes in article is presented. The data that obtained for the last years attempt was generalized and spent to the uniform hypothesis considering genetic, immunologic and external factors that influence to development of a type 1 diabetes.

150-th Anniversary Dokuchaev’s Pupils — Vernadsky V. I. and Williams V. R. From the Mind to the Sphere of Reason Trofimov I. A., Trofimova L. S., Yakovleva E. P. Eminent Russian scientists v. V. Dokuchaev, v. I. Vernadsky and v. R. Williams dedicated his life to solving important problems of a systemic approach to the study and reasonable, respect for the Earth. Their names associated major breakthrough in biology, geography, ecology, environmental management, agricultural research and development in practice of their results. Shows the crisis of agricultural lands of the planet, Russia, Central Chernozem region and the ways of environmental management in agriculture.

Petrol Products in Soil. Terminology and Definition of the Problem Okolelova A. A., Bezuglova O. S., Kasterina N. G. The term «oil products» can be defined both in technical and analytical ways. From a technical point of view, oil products (OP) are raw oils after the initial processing at the excavation facilities. Methods and definitions of water diagnostic limit the term «oil products» to soluble hydrocarbons. We propose to replace the term «organic carbon of oil toxicants» with «organic carbon of antropogenic origin». We furthermore suggest considering oil compounds as «organic pollutants» or xenobiotics. In the research it is suggested to calculate the oil content of the soils by the quantity of anthropogenic carbon. Additionally, the oil products accumulation factor (Kn) is suggested to use for an impartial assessment of the oil content in soils including the quality of their compounds.

The Influence of the Spatial Variability on the Goal-Directed Behavior Organization Serkova V. V., Nikolskaya K. A. The influence of the spatial variability on the goal-directed behavior organization in adult mice line F1 from DBA/2J and C57BL/6J was studied. It has been found that sudden change of initial structure of the maze during the moment of imprinting of spatial information has negatively affected on possibility to form the adaptive behavior in accordance with the offered task conditions. It is assumed that the constancy of the initial spatial information can be an system factor which together with the other will ensure the success of the cognitive process.

Spatio-Temporal Variability of Phytoplankton State of the Seversky Donets River Reshetnyak O. S. It was considered the variability of quantitative and qualitative indicators of phytoplankton communities in different parts of Seversky Donets. It is shown that the characteristic feature of the development of phytoplankton in period 2002–2011 is high variability of quantitative indicators, suggesting an unstable state community. In the composition of phytoplankton was recorded from 12 to 39 species, the dominant complex were compiled diatoms and green algae. Aquatic ecosystems are able to anthropogenic ecological stress by level of phytoplankton development.

Vernadsky Anniversary Bezuglova O. S. Vladimir Ivanonich Vernadsky has a 150-years anniversary in March, 2013. He was a remarkable thinker, natural scientist, and academician of Imperial Saint-Petersburg Academy of Science. Vernadsky’s anniversary has been included in the international calendar of memorable dates of 2013 by UNESCO. The editorial staff of the «Alive and Bio-Inert Systems» is proud to dedicate the March issue of the magazine to the researches based on the Vernadsy’ work.

The author researches Vernadsky’s work «Living Matter In the Soil Creation», where he emphasizes the importance of this work for the theory of soil science. Vernadsky’s work has not lost its relevance in our time despite of being virtually unknown for a long time.

About the Relative Amount of the Living Matter in the Various Stages of the Evolution of the Biosphere Zakrutkin V. E. The article has shown that early periods of the Biosphere’s evolution had been the most productive in the development of all parameters in the life of the autotrophic organisms. Later on, the CO2 content — the fundamental agent of the photosynthesis — has permanently declined, the climatic conditions (the thermal regime and humidity) have grown worse, the mineral nutrition has decreases. In general, all this has become the reason of cumulative photosynthesis, the productivity of the Biosphere and the total mass of living organisms. The real substantiation of the presented hypothesis has become the results in the estimation of the rate of the organic matter accumulation at the various stages of the geological history.

Russian Zhiznechuvstvie as Sotsiogeografichesky Phenomenon Miklyaeva N. V. The article summarizes the results of interdisciplinary research in the field of social ecology. The author describes life as a phenomenon that unites the biosphere and the noosphere through zhiznechuvstvie (attitude). Zhiznechuvstvie shows how humanity can make the transition from the heterotrophic community in the autotrophic community.

V. I. Vernadsky and Biosphere in the Context of Ecological Formation in the Higher Educational Institutions Rukin M. D., Ivanov O. P. A historical certificate is Given about terminology. Development of human relations is rotined with an environment. The problem of ecology is selected. Discussion of this problem.

New Invasive Hymenoptera in the Rostov Region Artohin K. S., Ignatova P. K., Kolesnikov S. I., Reshetov A. A. The article provides information about finding of invasive organisms from different groups of insects on the territory of Rostov region. Their damage and distribution in Rostov region are observed. The propositions made for further study and monitoring of invasive species.

Ordination of Don Basin Psammophytic Vegetation Dmitriev P. A., Demina O. N. Unique to Russian Black Sea community psammophytic vegetation is situated in Rostov region. The paper provides information on the results of ordination analysis of Don basin psammophytic vegetation on sand massives. They are Reserves biodiversity.

Mercury Distribution in Bottom Sediments of the White Sea Fedorov Y. A., Ovsepyan A. E., Savitskiy V. A. The content of mercury in columns of the White Sea bottom sediments is in details studied for the first time. Common regularities of vertical distribution of mercury are revealed. Background concentration of total mercury, typical for bottom sediments of the White Sea and water objects of the basin of the White Sea are defined.

The paper proves existence of a general principle of correlation and interdependence between the humus content in physical clay, humus content in soil and the dynamic balance constants of a polydisperse soil system that can be described as a mathematical model.

Outstanding Scientist and Patriot. On the 150th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Vernadsky Sizova M. G. Presents some of the key moments of scientific creativity scientist-encyclopedist V. I. Vernadsky. Considered the position of the scientist of the biosphere as a particular shell of the Earth and the noosphere as a natural stage in the evolution of the biosphere.

Information Technology Education in the Soil Sciences Stroganova M. N. In article approaches to creation of informatization infrastructure of education in soil sciences and feature of the organization of educational process at the present stage are considered. This application of electronic textbooks, network means, including Internet, test quality control of knowledge. Positive and negative lines of educational process in Bologna Process are considered. Examples of equipment and ways of teaching of a soil cover of the world and structure of a soil cover in connection with new requirements are described.