1.5.15. Экология

Regularities of the processes of transport and deposition of soil material by water flows small depth The main objective of this work by the example of soddy-podzolic soil of different degree of wash off quantitatively assess the ability of small depth flows at the system level «flow-soil» to transfer certain mass of soil material. Determination of quantities transfer and deposition of soddy-podzolic soil of different degree of wash off spend on a large erosive tray. In the experiments was determined by the following indicators: the average velocity of flow and turbidity of water, the radius of the transported and deposited in the stream bed of aggregates and other. These indicators are used for verification of the theoretical equation transporting capacity.  

Application of the European soil standards in the territory of Azerbaijan At present the integration to the European and international structures goes on in many directions, including scientific. Against a background of globalization it is fundamentally important to form an adequate soil-information space which would ensure progressive international cooperation in the field of soil science. As is known, the new digital soil database of Mediterranean and Caucasus Countries’ territory in the format of the soil geographical information system of the European Union (EU) is being prepared within the program for the Extension of the European Soil Database (ESDB). These researches intend to create the Soil Geographical Database of Eurasia at scale 1 : 1, 000, 000 as a part of the European Soil Information System (EUSIS). The current stage of the Azerbaijan soil resources inventory on supranational level is closely linked with the processes of adaptation of the country to the conditions of new geopolitical realities. It is of fundamental importance to preserve and develop the national scientific and practical traditions and their harmonious integration with the EU soil inventory. Taking into consideration the urgency of the problem, we have made researches in order to create the digital data base of the soils of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The digital soil map of Azerbaijan has been prepared in a scale of 1:1000000 using modern geoinformation technologies and taking into account the ESDB requirements. During the analysis of soil database of Azerbaijan, some difficulties that impede the integration process to the ESDB were revealed. Generally, the work that has been done brought to a conclusion that the knowledge available on soils of Azerbaijan makes the integration to the EU soil-geographic data base possible.  

Experience to improve the fertility of soil in nurseries Eastern Transbaikalia Pak Larisa Nikolaevna, Bobrinev Viktor Petrovich The results of studies on the establishment of a forest nursery of Eastern Transbaikalia effective crop rotation, allowing to preserve the fertility of the soil, grow trees planting material in a shorter period and to reduce the cost of cultivation more than doubled.

Features photosynthesizing activity in needles Picea ajanensis and Picea Smithiana in the town forests in Ussuriisk Titova M.S., Rozlomiy N.G. The content and the ratio of exchange photosynthetic pigments in the needles of Picea ajanensis and Picea Smithiana were investigated in the town forests in Ussuriisk . It is established that the amount of photosynthetic pigments of introduce species is inferior to the local species. These data extend the idea of the pigment complex of introduced coniferous species and can be used to diagnose the state of photosynthetic apparatus.

The induction of chromosomal aberrations by etoposide in Cyclops kolensis и Cyclops insignis (Copepoda, Crustacea) A.K. Grishanin, G.E.Grishanin The frequency of chromosome aberrations in the embryonic cells of Cyclops kolensis and Cyclops insignis was determined when cyclops embryos were treated with Etoposide . A reduction in the frequency of chromosome aberrations (CA) in somatic cells lines Cyclops kolensis after chromatin diminution was installed. It's shown that chromosome aberrations frequency of Cyclops insignis at appropriate stages of embryogenesis due to the impact of Etoposide solution of the same concentration did not change. The significant differences in the CA frequencies of somatic line cells of Cyclops kolensis when embryos were exposed in increasing concentrations of Etoposide solutions  out.

Architectural and morphometric analysis of tree species The growth is described as variations of bine-gemma complex. New marks for characteristic of the growth of crown for different types of plants were performed the mark of participation of gemmas, multiple number of augmentation, mart of bines growth leading. This method is different plants on the perspective types into introduction future nature.

Landscape ecology structure and diversity are not only influenced by many ecologically relevant processes but also by assessing the plan, policy about the management of resources. Using landscape indicators can find out the connection between landscape components and spatial distribution. In this article, the diversity indicators are used for calculating the area of Pumat National Park, Vietnam. These include Number of patches (NP), Percentage of Landscape (PLAND), Shape (SHAPE_AM), Landscape Shape Index (LSI), Edge Contrast (ECON_AM), Contagion (CONTAG), Cohesion (COHESION), Aggregation index (AI), Simpson Diversity Index (SIDI). These indicators were calculated on landscape ecology units created from component maps that included geomorphology (topographic and geological maps), soil maps, bioclimate maps, and vegetation cover maps. The findings which are indicators measured and analyzed then show the diversity of landscape ecology will contribute to planning diversity conservation and socio-economic development in the research area.

An alternative method for obtaining high-quality blood samples from tortoises of the genus Testudo for the detection of blood parasites by blood extraction using a medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) has been proposed. This method of blood extraction is also effective, as well as traditional methods of blood sampling from turtles, but in contrast to them, it is simple to perform, more humane and safe for these animals.

The remediation of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil is always an important topic. Exposure to contaminated soil with carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic potential can result in serious health effects. Nowadays, rapid growth in urbanization, population, and living standards call for a finding sustainable solutions during the post-COVID-19 era. These numerous potential advantages, especially integrated with biochar produced from various biomass, might provide an ecologically beneficial tool for achieving the United Nations’ sustainable development objectives for greener soil remediation. In this context, the biochar preparation method from different agricultural feedstock and its use as a soil amendment for remediation of HMs-contaminated were discussed. Furthermore, biochar-based nanocomposites containing functional materials have lately attracted much interest because of the unique properties emerging from their nanoscale size compartment, which present a good promise in terms of reactivity and stability. The utility and potency of these biochar-based nanocomposites, on the other hand, are determined by their ability to adapt to particular site circumstances and soil qualities. This overview effectively summarizes the current advances in the application for the remediation of polluted soils including HMs, since there is no complete assessment of the uses of biochar-based nanocomposites. Future views on the usage and possibilities for

Total ecosystem respiration and evapotranspiration of steppe catena (West Siberia) The article deals with the diurnal dynamics of CO2 emission and evapotranspiration of steppe ecosystems. The profiles of carbon dioxide distribution in soil atmosphere were set under soil salinity conditions. The findings help to explain the ecological function of steppe catena.

Features of action of weak low-frequency alternating magnetic field on the intensity of division planarian Dugesia tigrina at static magnetic field with "zero" and geomagnetic values It have been shown that exposure of the planarians to low-frequency alternating magnetic field (frequency of 3,7 Hz, the amplitude of 40 nT, exposure 4 h) in combination with a static magnetic field collinear with the induction of 42 mT promoted its division. On other hand compensation of the static magnetic field (induction £ 0,1 mT) by means of alternating magnetic field resulted in the opposite directional inhibitory effect consisted of reduction of the number of divisions of planarians.

Dynamics of toxicity waters of the small river within megapolis (r. Temernik, SFD) Ecological problems of small rivers were considered. Based on years of material toxicity waters r. Temernik (SFD) at bioassay was shown the evolution of toxicity classes and ecological status of water.

Erosion processes on the territory of small catchment — regularities of formation Analysis of the results four years of research of the snowmelt runoff formation and soil loss on the catchment area of the small river Lubozikha showed that surface runoff and soil washout has an influence not only on the intensity of erosion processes, but also on the chemical composition of river waters.

To the study of water mites (Acariformes) as part of a small river Devitsa Zooperiphiton (Voronezh region) An ecologo-faunistic information about 13 species from 6 families of water mites of zooperiphyton  river Devitsa (Limestone North Central Russian upland, Voronezh region), of which 10 are listed for the first time for the region. Identified dominant and rare species, preferences in of various substrates.

Effects of partial cutting on soil microbial complex in pinewoods of Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe region The analysis of a structural-functional condition of soil microbita has shown, that satisfactory soil forest-vegetation conditions the pinewoods density of 0,6—0,7 which have been passed by the first cutting. Intensity of felling a forest stand, the season of lumbering and a way of brush disposal the promote redistribution in structure of eco-trophic groups of microorganisms and formation of an optimum level of enzymes activity in soil.

The role of agrochemistry in the conditions of modern agriculture in Russia An analysis of current problems and the negative consequences of underestimating major laws of agriculture in the Russia were carried out. Have considered the ecological function of agrochemistry in agroecosystems and the conditions which necessary for the successful development and modernization of  agriculture of the country.

The soil and microbiological characteristics of virgin and deposit gray forest soils of Priangarye, are formed in conditions of hillocky relief One of the factors that determine the characteristics of soil formation and soil microbial processes in the Priangarye is hillocky relief. It promotes differentiation of soil-forming processes in the soil profile and a sharp difference of their morphology and properties. When plowing of soil is a significant change in the properties of soils [12] and microbiological parameters [13], which for a long time is saved when translated into deposit mode.

Introduction of trees and shrubs in the Nikita Botanical Gardens and their naturalization on the Crimean peninsula The check-list of trees and shrubs presented in collection of the Nikita Botanical Gardens capable for self-reproduction or run wild on the territory of Crimean peninsula have been provided. Invasive activity of species have been given according to the categories used in the database on naturalized species in European botanical gardens.

Agroecological efficiency of use of rice meliorative cultivated lands on the basis of the evaluation of agricultural resource territory potential The approbation of methodological approaches according to the agroecological evaluation of lands of rice irrigation system has been conducted. Based on the analysis of statistic and predicted data on yield capacity of rice crop rotation it has been proved that it can be eligible for developing farming system in rice cultivation. The correspondence between actual and calculated according to the degree method of agroecological land quality has been discovered.