03.02.02. Вирусология. Подрубрика: врусные болезни растений и методы борьбы с ними

Strategy and tactics for control of viral diseases of plants for example potatoes The article offers a conceptual approach to the problem of control of viral diseases of plants. It is a selection of key strategic measures, taking into account biology of the host plant and features of viral infection. These include preventive measures related to seed production in virus-free basis, breeding for virus resistance and biotechnological methods of health promotion and propagation of virus-free material. These areas are mainly associated tactics of its receipt.

Broncho-Pulmonary Pathology as Leading Cause of Hospitalization and Death of HIV-Patients in Providing Urgent Medical Care at Multifield Medical Prophylactic Institution The causes of hospitalization and mortality of  HIV-infected patients (n=20) during 10-year period of medical treatment in a multidisciplinary health care setting (Military Medical Academy) were analyzed. Today the main causes of these persons death in these institutions are the diseases not associated with HIV infection: burns, combined injuries, toxic substances poisoning. It was found that HIV infection worsens the prognosis of patients hospitalized with respiratory apparatus diseases, promoting the earlier development of nosocomial infections, exacerbation of  broncho-pulmonary diseases and short-term mortality.  

Phytosanitary situation in a potato crop associated with the spread of viral diseases in the Astrakhan region The article describes the phytosanitary monitoring in a potato crop in the Astrakhan region. The materials obtained have shown that the strict implementation of previously recommended preventive measures to protect the normalized 2011 phytosanitary condition of potato fields with plantings associated with virus and phytoplasma infection in the Astrakhan region. However, in 2012—2014 years again, a difficult situation in terms epiphytotic viral infection.

Assessing the current state of the epidemic spread of HIV infection in the city of Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk region The purpose of this study is to evaluate the epidemic situation in the incidence of HIV infection in the city of Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk region, to identify the main features and trends in the epidemic. The epidemiology of HIV infection in Magnitogorsk is a high intensity spread of the disease among the population with signs of generalization. Identified the following unfavorable trends in the spread of HIV infection: active involvement in the epidemic of female and age of the population; increase the spread of HIV among drug users and patients with infections, sexually transmitted infections; increase in the number of patients with clinically advanced stages of HIV infection; increase the hidden sources of HIV infection; high mortality rate among patients with HIV infection associated with tuberculosis.

Innovation vaccines against dangerous viral diseases The experience of the development of candidate mucosal plant-made vaccines of oral administration. As an example the data about the development of vaccines against HIV-1/AIDS, hepatitis B and cervical cancer are considered in the paper. Resuls of the induction of immune responses in mice after the vaccination with dried fruits of transgenic tomato plants containing antigenic proteins TBI-HBS, PreS2-S and HPV16 L1 are reported.  

Effects of viral infection on the protein composition of the thylakoid membrane of tomato, pepper and cucumber Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (TMV) causing viral diseases in many important plants worldwide. Thylakoid membranes were isolated from chloroplasts of infected plants (cucumber, pepper and tomato) and analyzed the protein composition by electrophoresis on PAGE gradient gel (10–25%). The gradient electrophoresis of thylakoid membrane proteins of virus-infected plants was analyzed pepper and tomato plants infected with TMV virus and cucumber plant infected with CMV virus revealed that the content of polypeptide in the 47, 33, 29–24 and 17–15 kDa comprising the submolecular complex of photosystem II complex and oxygen evolving complex significantly reduced compared with uninfected plants that may be associated with structural abnormalities in the complex PS II.

Application of cellular technologies for treatment of viral diseases The review is devoted to a hot topic — application of cellular technologies for treatment of viral diseases, in particular for treatment of AIDS.

Virology Today: Integration of D. I. Ivanovslii’s Ideas into the Methodology of Science In his research on the tobacco mosaic virus D. I. Ivanovskii has introduced a new type of causative agent of an infectious desease and a new form of life. In this way he has layed the basis of a ne field of science, virology. Its structure of knowledge and the logics of development caused formation of new scientific areas that go beyond the scope of natural science. The cognitive model of virology as science has become the prototype of computer virology and has influenced the development of communication theory.

Food product as a source of viral infections The main routes of transmission of viruses that can enter the body through infected food were considered. It has been shown that viruses are resistant to adverse environmental conditions and may be stored for several months in food and environment. Common sources, which can accumulate enteroviruses, Coxsackie B5 virus, hog cholera virus (HCV), African Swine Fever virus (ASFV), FMD virus, poliovirus, rotavirus and echovirus are described.

The influence of vertically transmitted virus infections on the spinal cord injury progression in newborn children The work represents the results of the radiological, clinical and laboratory examinations of 380 newborn children with a personal history of the spinal cord injury. The optimal examination of the newly-born children with birth traumas has been worked out. The pathology of the birth spinal cord injury in children with clinical evidence of vertically transmitted virus infection has been analysed.

Immunopathogenesis and therapy of liver disease of viral etiology Motivated immune pathogenesis of HCV viral infection. The analysis of immune dysfunction in chronic viral hepatitis, and its deepening in the context of the standard therapy, also the possibility of correction of drugs cytokines. The results and prospects of the use of Roncoleukin when optimizing the treatment of patients with chronic viral hepatitis presented.

The epidemiological situation of West Nile fever in Volgograd region West Nile virus for the Volgograd region is the most important arbovirus infection. The observed decrease in the incidence of WNV from 2001 to 2006, in 2008 and 2009 years, reducing the number of severe disease is only indicative of a temporary regression of the epidemic process in the Volgograd region. In the Volgograd region there are prerequisites and precursors complications epidemiology of West Nile fever. The purpose held in the Volgograd region surveillance in West Nile is to provide the information necessary and sufficient for the analysis of the epidemiological situation, as well as to determine the direction of policy and action in public health management decisions.

Molecular detection of baculoviruses of beet webworm from the collection of All-Russian Institute for Plant Protection Two isolates of baculoviruses from beet webworm Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) deposited in the collection of entomopathogenic organisms as a granulovirus (GVLS-85) and a nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPVLS-90) have been subjected to genotyping using degenerate primers L8F2:L8R2 flanking a conservative region of late elongation factor gene lef8. Both isolates, tested independently to avoid sample cross-contamination, were found to belong to a single molecular haplotype. This haplotype is unique, showing maximum sequence similarity of 73% to Pieris rapae granulovirus (Genbank accession number JX968491) and other granuloviruses. No significant similarity to available sequences of nucleopolyhedroviruses have been found.

Detection, identification and quantitation of bocavirus among children with acute respiratory viral infections and gastroenteritises in Moscow Human bocavirus (HBoV)) causes acute respiratory virus infections and gastroenteritises in humans throughout the world. HBoV DNA detection and identification among children with respiratory infections in Moscow during 2005–2010 by means of reverse transcription with subsequent real time PCR with fluorescent probes showed the long-term average frequency 14, 5 ± 0, 7% for 2, 395 nasopharyngeal lavages (variations in a rang from 13, 5% до 17, 0%). One should note seasonal activity of the HBoV circulation during a year with 2 peaks in autumn-winter and early spring. Among infants and toddlers less than 1 year old the HBoV was associated with other respiratory viruses, whereas for children 2–7 years old the bocaviral monoinfection was prevailed. Gastroenteritises were diagnozed in 34, 3 ± 3, 7% clinical cases. The HBoV viral loads in 40, 5% samples were more than 105 genome-equivalents per 1 ml for the first days postinfection, whereas for mixed respiratory infections and for children with the HBoV monoinfection were less 103 genome-equivalents per 1 ml.

Studying cyto-anatomical changes in tissues of virus infected Solanum tuberosum and Nicotiana tabacum plants Virus impacts on affected by them potato plants appear in stunting, the plant cells deformation and changing their structure. In virus-affected potato tubers, reduces quantity and size of starch grains. Obtained virus-containing callus from the test-plants consist of elongated and malformed cells containing amorphous inclusions.

Analysis of the tick-borne encephalitis virus coding sequences We have conducted an analysis of tick-born encephalitis virus (TBEV) coding sequences that are available via international data bank (GenBank). Upon comparison of polyprotein structures of 113 TBEV strains from various sites from Europe and Asia we have detected genotype-specific combinations of aminoacid substitutions. It was shown that strains Buzuuchuk from Kyrgyzstan and 178–79 from Russia (Eastern Siberia) have unique genomic structures.

Orthobuniaviruses as main factor for emergency diseases This analytical paper deals with the systematic and taxonomy of orthobuniaviruses, small developed dangerous and new viruses Akabane, Aino, Schmallenberg, Cache Valley diseases, Oropouche fever, Iquitos. The significance of reassortment mechanism of their origin and diversification are discussed.

Spreading of virus diseases of fruit-trees and small fruit cultures and modern techniques for their sanitation The spreading of different viruses on varieties and rootstocks of pome fruit trees, stone fruit plants, and small fruit cultures has been studied. It was established that efficiency of sanitation technique from viruses depended on culture, virus species and therapy method. The best results for obtaining virus free material were achieved by means of complex application of in vitro chemotherapy and magnetotherapy.

Preservation of infectious activity of industrial strains of rabies virus stored at different temperatures The dependence of specific infectious activity on the cell culture model of rabies virus industrial (fixed) strains L. Pasteur and CVS from the duration and storage temperature was investigated. Viral suspension was produced by cell culture BHK-21 / C13 and frozen at -20 and -80°C. Analysis of the specific activity was performed after 1 week, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months of storage. It was experimentally discovered that the temperature -80°C is more effective for long-term storage for the studied strains.

Lithium salt of acrydon-acetic acid as a substance for biomedical research The article considers a new antiviral and imunomodulating drug with extremely high bactericidal, and particularly virucidal activity against RNA and DNA viruses, mycocidal and algicidal effect. Ways of the effective use of the drug in the national economic products are discussed.